Google Alive
A Stanford research project turned into the largest single funding event in software history — PageRank, then ads, then most of the infrastructure industry. Now Alphabet's core.
Brin and Page's BackRub crawler ran on Stanford scavenged hardware until it crashed the network; Google Inc. was incorporated September 1998 on a $100,000 check from Andy Bechtolsheim. PageRank — links as citations — outranked every keyword engine immediately.
AdWords (2000) turned relevance into revenue; the 2004 IPO, Android (2005), Chrome (2008), and infrastructure dominance followed. Alphabet was formed 2015; search advertising still funds the rest.