Skip to contentSkip to Braille Studio

Library / Biology / Scientific American Supplement, No. 447, July 26, 1884 / Braille

Scientific American Supplement, No. 447, July 26, 1884 ⠃⠗⠋ braille edition

Grade 1 — uncontracted, letter-for-letter. Translated on this server by our own braille engine (BRF — Braille Ready Format, Library of Congress fdd000551). View Grade 2 instead.

Download .brf — Grade 2 Download .brf — Grade 1 Plain-text reader .txt

235,810 braille cells · 250 embossed pages at 40×25 · 348 unrepresentable characters omitted

⠋⠕⠗⠀⠁⠀⠗⠑⠓⠑⠁⠞⠊⠝⠛⠀⠃⠑⠋⠕⠗⠑⠀⠏⠁⠎⠎⠊⠝⠛⠀⠞⠕⠀
⠎⠥⠃⠎⠑⠟⠥⠑⠝⠞⠀⠕⠏⠑⠗⠁⠞⠊⠕⠝⠎⠲⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠔⠔⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀
⠔⠔⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠔⠔⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠔⠔⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠔⠔⠀⠀⠠⠞⠓⠑⠀⠃⠕⠛⠀
⠏⠑⠁⠞⠀⠕⠋⠀⠠⠍⠑⠭⠊⠉⠕⠀⠊⠎⠀⠝⠕⠺⠀⠃⠑⠊⠝⠛⠀⠥⠎⠑⠙⠀⠕⠝⠀⠁⠀
⠉⠕⠝⠎⠊⠙⠑⠗⠁⠃⠇⠑⠀⠎⠉⠁⠇⠑⠀⠁⠎⠀⠋⠥⠑⠇⠀⠋⠕⠗⠀
⠇⠕⠉⠕⠍⠕⠞⠊⠧⠑⠎⠂⠀⠎⠞⠁⠞⠊⠕⠝⠁⠗⠽⠀⠑⠝⠛⠊⠝⠑⠎⠂⠀
⠎⠍⠑⠇⠞⠊⠝⠛⠀⠏⠥⠗⠏⠕⠎⠑⠎⠂⠀⠎⠍⠊⠞⠓⠎⠄⠀⠋⠊⠗⠑⠎⠂⠀⠁⠝⠙⠀
⠓⠕⠥⠎⠑⠓⠕⠥⠇⠙⠀⠥⠎⠑⠲⠀⠠⠞⠓⠑⠀⠏⠑⠁⠞⠀⠊⠎⠀⠍⠊⠭⠑⠙⠀⠺⠊⠞⠓⠀
⠁⠀⠏⠗⠕⠏⠑⠗⠀⠏⠗⠕⠏⠕⠗⠞⠊⠕⠝⠀⠕⠋⠀⠃⠊⠞⠥⠍⠑⠝⠂⠀⠁⠝⠙⠀⠊⠎⠀
⠎⠁⠊⠙⠀⠝⠕⠞⠀⠕⠝⠇⠽⠀⠞⠕⠀⠃⠥⠗⠝⠀⠋⠗⠑⠑⠇⠽⠂⠀⠁⠝⠙⠀
⠺⠊⠞⠓⠕⠥⠞⠀⠎⠍⠕⠅⠑⠀⠊⠝⠀⠍⠥⠉⠓⠀⠟⠥⠁⠝⠞⠊⠞⠽⠂⠀⠃⠥⠞⠀⠞⠕⠀
⠛⠊⠧⠑⠀⠁⠀⠓⠊⠛⠓⠑⠗⠀⠙⠽⠝⠁⠍⠊⠉⠀⠑⠟⠥⠊⠧⠁⠇⠑⠝⠞⠀⠕⠋⠀⠓⠑⠁⠞
⠀⠞⠓⠁⠝⠀⠞⠓⠑⠀⠎⠁⠍⠑⠀⠁⠍⠕⠥⠝⠞⠀⠕⠋⠀⠺⠕⠕⠙⠲⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀
⠔⠔⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠔⠔⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠔⠔⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠔⠔⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠔⠔⠀⠀
⠠⠠⠞⠓⠑⠀⠠⠠⠃⠊⠞⠞⠑⠗⠀⠠⠠⠎⠥⠃⠎⠞⠁⠝⠉⠑⠀⠠⠠⠕⠋⠀⠠⠠⠓⠕⠏⠎⠲⠀
⠠⠋⠕⠕⠞⠝⠕⠞⠑⠒⠀⠠⠞⠓⠑⠀⠠⠃⠗⠑⠺⠑⠗⠎⠄⠀⠠⠛⠥⠁⠗⠙⠊⠁⠝⠂⠀
⠋⠗⠕⠍⠀⠞⠓⠑⠀⠠⠵⠑⠊⠞⠲⠀⠋⠲⠀⠙⠲⠀⠛⠑⠎⠁⠍⠍⠞⠑⠀
⠠⠃⠗⠁⠥⠺⠑⠎⠑⠝⠲⠀⠀⠠⠃⠽⠀⠠⠠⠙⠗⠲⠀⠠⠓⠲⠀⠠⠠⠃⠥⠝⠛⠑⠝⠑⠗⠲⠀⠀
⠠⠇⠊⠞⠞⠇⠑⠀⠞⠓⠁⠞⠀⠊⠎⠀⠙⠑⠋⠊⠝⠊⠞⠑⠀⠊⠎⠀⠅⠝⠕⠺⠝⠀⠕⠋⠀⠞⠓⠑
⠀⠎⠥⠃⠎⠞⠁⠝⠉⠑⠀⠕⠗⠀⠎⠥⠃⠎⠞⠁⠝⠉⠑⠎⠀⠞⠕⠀⠺⠓⠊⠉⠓⠀⠞⠓⠑⠀
⠓⠕⠏⠀⠕⠺⠑⠎⠀⠊⠞⠎⠀⠃⠊⠞⠞⠑⠗⠝⠑⠎⠎⠲⠀⠠⠇⠑⠗⠍⠑⠗⠀⠓⠁⠎⠀
⠎⠥⠉⠉⠑⠑⠙⠑⠙⠂⠀⠊⠞⠀⠊⠎⠀⠞⠗⠥⠑⠂⠀⠊⠝⠀⠎⠑⠏⠁⠗⠁⠞⠊⠝⠛⠀
⠋⠗⠕⠍⠀⠓⠕⠏⠎⠀⠁⠀⠉⠗⠽⠎⠞⠁⠇⠇⠊⠵⠑⠙⠀⠉⠕⠇⠕⠗⠇⠑⠎⠎⠀
⠎⠥⠃⠎⠞⠁⠝⠉⠑⠂⠀⠊⠝⠎⠕⠇⠥⠃⠇⠑⠀⠊⠝⠀⠺⠁⠞⠑⠗⠂⠀⠁⠝⠀
⠁⠇⠅⠁⠇⠊⠝⠑⠀⠎⠕⠇⠥⠞⠊⠕⠝⠀⠕⠋⠀⠺⠓⠊⠉⠓⠀⠓⠁⠎⠀⠁⠀⠍⠁⠗⠅⠑⠙⠀

These are the same pages the .brf download embosses — form-feed breaks and all. BRF opens in braille software (Duxbury, BrailleBlaster), on embossers, and on refreshable displays.