Library / Biology / Scientific American, Volume 22, No. 1, January 1, 1870 / Braille
Scientific American, Volume 22, No. 1, January 1, 1870 ⠃⠗⠋ braille edition
Grade 2 — contracted English braille (EBAE-compatible subset). Translated on this server by our own braille engine (BRF — Braille Ready Format, Library of Congress fdd000551). View Grade 1 instead.
Download .brf — Grade 2 Download .brf — Grade 1 Plain-text reader .txt
363,261 braille cells · 385 embossed pages at 40×25 · 851 unrepresentable characters omitted
⠉⠕⠝⠎⠉⠊⠢⠞⠊⠳⠎⠀⠎⠥⠡⠀⠊⠝⠞⠻⠋⠻⠢⠉⠑⠀⠍⠁⠽⠀⠓⠀⠃⠑⠢⠤⠤⠓⠁⠎ ⠀⠗⠑⠎⠥⠇⠞⠫⠀⠔⠀⠮⠀⠙⠊⠗⠑⠌⠀⠑⠧⠊⠇⠎⠀⠃⠕⠹⠀⠞⠕⠀⠗⠑⠇⠊⠛⠊⠕⠝ ⠀⠯⠀⠎⠉⠊⠢⠉⠑⠂⠀⠯⠀⠊⠝⠧⠜⠊⠁⠃⠇⠽⠲⠀⠠⠯⠀⠕⠝⠀⠮⠀⠕⠮⠗⠀⠓⠯⠀ ⠁⠇⠇⠀⠥⠝⠞⠗⠁⠍⠍⠑⠇⠫⠀⠎⠉⠊⠢⠞⠊⠋⠊⠉⠀⠊⠝⠧⠑⠌⠊⠛⠁⠞⠊⠕⠝⠂⠀ ⠝⠕⠀⠍⠁⠞⠞⠻⠀⠓⠪⠀⠙⠁⠝⠛⠻⠳⠎⠀⠞⠕⠀⠗⠑⠇⠊⠛⠊⠕⠝⠀⠐⠎⠀⠷⠀⠊⠞⠎ ⠀⠌⠁⠛⠑⠎⠀⠍⠁⠽⠀⠓⠀⠎⠑⠑⠍⠫⠂⠀⠞⠑⠍⠏⠕⠗⠜⠊⠇⠽⠂⠀⠞⠕⠀⠃⠑⠂⠀ ⠓⠁⠎⠀⠊⠝⠧⠜⠊⠁⠃⠇⠽⠀⠗⠑⠎⠥⠇⠞⠫⠀⠔⠀⠮⠀⠓⠊⠛⠓⠑⠌⠀⠛⠕⠕⠙⠀⠷⠀ ⠗⠑⠇⠊⠛⠊⠕⠝⠀⠯⠀⠎⠉⠊⠢⠉⠑⠲⠀⠠⠊⠀⠎⠁⠽⠀⠊⠝⠧⠜⠊⠁⠃⠇⠽⠤⠤⠠⠊⠀ ⠍⠑⠁⠝⠀⠑⠭⠁⠉⠞⠇⠽⠀⠞⠲⠀⠠⠭⠀⠊⠎⠀⠁⠀⠗⠥⠇⠑⠀⠞⠕⠀⠱⠊⠡⠀ ⠓⠊⠌⠕⠗⠽⠀⠩⠪⠎⠀⠝⠀⠐⠕⠀⠑⠭⠉⠑⠏⠞⠊⠕⠝⠲⠀⠠⠭⠀⠺⠳⠇⠙⠀⠎⠑⠑⠍⠂ ⠀⠇⠕⠛⠊⠉⠁⠇⠇⠽⠂⠀⠞⠀⠹⠊⠎⠀⠌⠁⠞⠑⠍⠢⠞⠀⠉⠳⠇⠙⠀⠝⠀⠃⠑⠀ ⠛⠁⠔⠎⠁⠊⠙⠲⠀⠠⠛⠕⠙⠄⠎⠀⠞⠗⠥⠹⠀⠍⠥⠌⠀⠁⠛⠗⠑⠑⠂⠀⠱⠑⠮⠗⠀ ⠙⠊⠎⠉⠕⠧⠻⠫⠀⠃⠽⠀⠇⠕⠕⠅⠬⠀⠾⠔⠀⠘⠥⠀⠮⠀⠎⠳⠇⠀⠕⠗⠀⠾⠳⠞⠀⠘⠥⠀ ⠮⠀⠸⠺⠲⠀⠠⠁⠀⠞⠗⠥⠹⠀⠺⠗⠊⠞⠞⠢⠀⠘⠥⠀⠮⠀⠓⠥⠍⠁⠝⠀⠓⠑⠜⠞⠀ ⠞⠕⠤⠙⠁⠽⠀⠔⠀⠊⠞⠎⠀⠋⠥⠇⠇⠀⠏⠇⠁⠽⠀⠷⠀⠑⠍⠕⠞⠊⠕⠝⠎⠀⠕⠗⠀ ⠏⠁⠎⠎⠊⠕⠝⠎⠂⠀⠸⠉⠀⠃⠑⠀⠁⠞⠀⠁⠝⠽⠀⠗⠑⠁⠇⠀⠧⠜⠊⠁⠝⠉⠑⠀⠑⠧⠢⠀ ⠾⠀⠁⠀⠞⠗⠥⠹⠀⠺⠗⠊⠞⠞⠢⠀⠘⠥⠀⠁⠀⠋⠕⠎⠎⠊⠇⠀⠘⠱⠀⠏⠕⠕⠗⠀⠇⠊⠋⠑ ⠀⠴⠀⠛⠕⠝⠑⠀⠍⠊⠇⠇⠊⠕⠝⠎⠀⠷⠀⠽⠑⠜⠎⠀⠁⠛⠕⠲⠀⠠⠯⠀⠹⠊⠎⠀⠃⠑⠬⠀ ⠎⠂⠀⠭⠀⠺⠳⠇⠙⠀⠁⠇⠎⠕⠀⠎⠑⠑⠍⠀⠁⠀⠞⠗⠥⠹⠀⠊⠗⠗⠑⠋⠗⠁⠛⠁⠃⠇⠑⠆ ⠀⠞⠀⠮⠀⠎⠑⠜⠡⠀⠿⠀⠑⠁⠡⠀⠷⠀⠘⠮⠀⠅⠔⠙⠀⠷⠀⠞⠗⠥⠹⠎⠀⠍⠥⠌⠀⠃⠑⠀ ⠋⠕⠇⠇⠪⠫⠀⠕⠥⠞⠀⠔⠀⠊⠞⠎⠀⠕⠺⠝⠀⠇⠔⠑⠎⠂⠀⠃⠽⠀⠊⠞⠎⠀⠕⠺⠝⠀ ⠍⠑⠹⠕⠙⠎⠂⠀⠞⠕⠀⠊⠞⠎⠀⠕⠺⠝⠀⠗⠑⠎⠥⠇⠞⠎⠂⠀⠾⠳⠞⠀⠁⠝⠽⠀ ⠊⠝⠞⠻⠋⠻⠢⠉⠑⠀⠋⠀⠊⠝⠧⠑⠌⠊⠛⠁⠞⠕⠗⠎⠀⠁⠇⠕⠝⠛⠀⠕⠮⠗⠀⠇⠔⠑⠎⠀ ⠃⠽⠀⠕⠮⠗⠀⠍⠑⠹⠕⠙⠎⠲⠀⠠⠯⠀⠭⠀⠺⠳⠇⠙⠀⠁⠇⠎⠕⠀⠎⠑⠑⠍⠀ ⠇⠕⠛⠊⠉⠁⠇⠇⠽⠀⠞⠀⠺⠑⠀⠍⠊⠛⠓⠞⠀⠐⠺⠀⠕⠝⠀⠔⠀⠁⠃⠎⠕⠇⠥⠞⠑⠀
These are the same pages the .brf download embosses — form-feed breaks and all. BRF opens in braille software (Duxbury, BrailleBlaster), on embossers, and on refreshable displays.