,illustration ,,scientific ,,american ,a ,,weekly ,,journal ,,of ,,practical ,,information1 ,,art1 ,,science1 ,,mechanics1 ,,chemistry1 ,,and ,,manufactures4 ,,new ,,york1 ,,january #a1 #ahgj4 ,vol4 ,,xxii4--,no4 #a4 ,,new ,,series4 #c per ,annum ,,in ,,advance4 99 99 99 99 99 ,contents3 7,illustrated articles are marked with an asterisk47 99,engines of the ,spanish ,gunboats ,the ,torpedo ,problem ,sugar ,making in ,louisiana ,sticking1 or ,court ,plaster 99,an ,improved ,hoisting ,pulley ,wanted 99,ferdinand ,de ,lesseps--,chief ,promoter of the ,suez ,canal 99,an ,ingenious ,vent ,peg 99,a ,new ,english ,patent ,pulley ,block ,plants in ,sleeping ,booms 99,improved ,treadle ,motion 99,improved ,method of ,catching ,curculios ,remains of a ,megatherium in ,ohio ,artificial ,ivory ,american and ,english ,kailway ,practice ,contrasted ,boiler ,covering ,attachment of ,saws to ,swing ,frames ,patent ,decision ,inventions ,patented in ,england by ,americans 99,russ ,improved ,wood ,molding ,machine ,a ,lost ,civilisation 99,girards ,palier ,glissant ,a ,happv ,new ,year ,the ,suez ,canal not yet a ,failure ,tubular ,boilers and ,boiler ,explosions ,professor ,fiske's ,lecture at ,harvard ,the ,brighter ,side ,the ,american ,institute ,prizes ,awarded to ,steam ,engines ,a ,protest against the ,canadian ,patent ,law ,american ,railway ,management ,scientific ,lecture before the ,american ,institute ,the ,battle ,fields of ,sceence ,how ,french ,bank ,notes are ,made ,what the ,newspapers ,say ,chinese ,method of ,preserving ,eggs ,steam ,boiler ,explosion ,editorial ,summary ,the ,steven ,breech ,loading ,rifle 99 ,a ,novel ,improved ,hand ,vise ,the ,mound ,builders of ,colorado 99,the ,woven-,wire ,mattress ,flouring ,mill ,hazards ,fire-,proof ,building ,the ,decline of ,american ,shipping ,aerial ,navigation-,a ,suggestion ,putty ,floors of ,jewelers ,shops and otherwise ,western ,demand for ,agricultural ,implements ,economical ,steam ,engine ,friction and ,percussion ,oiling a ,preservative of ,brownstone ,interesting ,correspondence from ,china ,commumcation ,between ,deaf and ,blind ,mutes ,cheap ,cotton ,press ,wanted ,a ,singular ,freak of a ,magnet ,preservation of ,iron ,the ,bananas and ,plantains of the ,tropics ,putting ,up ,stoves ,the ,magic ,lantern ,the ,largest well in the ,world--,capacity #a1jjj1jjj gallons of water per ,day ,paper for ,building 99,improved ,muzzle-,pivoting ,gun ,stock ,feeding by ,clock ,work ,milk and ,what ,comes of ,it 99,improved ,hay ,elevator 99,improvement in ,lamp ,wicks ,great ,transformation ,answers to ,correspondents ,recent ,american and ,foreign ,patents ,new ,books and ,publications ,list of ,patents 99 99 99 99 99 ,engines of the ,spanish ,gunboats4 ,in our description of these boats in ,no4 #be1 ,vol4 ,,xxi41 special mention was made of the compactness of the engines4 ,it has frequently been urged as an objection against the twin screw system that the double set of engines1 four steam cylinders with duplicates of all the working parts called for on this system1 render the whole too complicated and heavy for small vessels1 preventing1 at the same time1 the application of surface condensation4 ,in the engines of the ,spanish gunboats1 of which we annex an illustration from ,engineering1 the designer1 ,captain ,ericsson1 has overcome these objections by introducing a surface condenser1 which1 while it performs the function of condensing the steam to be returned to the boiler in the form of fresh water1 serves as the principal support of the engines1 dispensing entirely with the usual framework4 ,besides this expedient1 each pair of cylinders have their slide frames for guiding the movements of the piston rods cast in one piece4 ,altogether the combination1 is such that the total weight and space occupied by these novel twin screw engines do not exceed the ordinary single screw engines of equal power4 ,several improvements connected with the working gear have been introduced4 ,illustration3 ,,engines ,,of ,,the ,,twin ,,screw ,,spanish ,,gunboats ,the outer bearings of the propeller shafts1 always difficult to regulate and keep in order on the twin screw system1 are selfadjusting and accommodate themselves to every change of the direction of the shafts4 ,this is effected by their being spherical externally1 and resting in corresponding cavities in the stern braces or hangers4 ,the spring bearings for supporting the middle of the shafts are also arranged on a similar self-adjusting principle4 ,the thrust bearing is of peculiar construction1 the arrangement being such that the bearing surfaces remain in perfect contact however much the shaft may be out of line4 ,the reversing gear likewise is quite peculiar1 insuring complete control over the movement of the two propellers under all circumstances4 ,it is claimed that these engines are the lightest and most compact yet constructed for twin screw vessels4 99 99 99 99 99 ,the ,torpedo ,boat ,problem4 ,the ,army and ,navy ,journal thinks the problem of a torpedo boat capable of firing rapidly and with certainty1 has at length reached a satisfactory solution4 ,it says3 ,a boat has been completed which is proved by experiment to be faultless in machinery and arrangement4 ,on the #b;d of ,december1 ,secretary ,robeson1 ,vice-,admiral ,porter1 and ,commodore ,case1 ,chief of the ,bureau of ,ordnance1 went to the ,navy ,yard at ,washington1 to witness the experiment with this new engine of destruction4 ,after examining the workings of the machinery1 and the manner of firing1 one of the destructives was put in the frame and the party proceeded to the shore to witness the result4 ,a torpedo of only thirty-six pounds was first run out with rapidity and fired2 but the result showed that this small amount of powder1 even1 would have been sufficient to destroy any ship1 by lifting her out of the water and breaking her back1 even if her bottom was not knocked out altogether4 ,mud and water were thrown up together1 and the concussion was felt far up in the ,navy ,yard1 the ground being shaken by the shock of the powder against the bed of the river4 ,the concussion felt on board the torpedo-boat was not more than that caused by a wave striking a vessel at sea4 ,several torpedoes were fired from the vessel1 the explosion of which the party witnessed on board1 as they desired to ascertain for themselves the effect of the shock4 ,the result seemed satisfactory1 as no change whatever is contemplated in the machinery1 which is very simple1 and 'works to a charm4' ,the torpedo vessel is the ,nina1 a very strong iron boat of three hundred and fifty tuns burden1 capable of crossing the ocean1 and having a speed of seventeen knots an hour4 ,she is not impervious to heavy shot1 but can be made so1 and is capable of resisting any ordinary projectile that could be brought to bear on her from the decks of a ship of war4 ,her decks will be made torpedo and shot-proof1 and several arrangements will be applied1 now that it is known that the torpedo system is a success4 ,such a vessel as the ,nina1 attacking an enemy's squadron on our coast some dark night1 or entering an enemy's port1 could destroy half the vessels in the harbor1 and easily escape as few vessels could overtake her4 ,such a vessel could1 for instance1 enter the harbor of ,havana1 and destroy every vessel of war in the port1 under cover of darkness4 ,a squadron supplied with such boats to be used to attack1 after the fight began1 and the ships were enveloped in smoke1 would have a most decided advantage against an enemy not thus armed for torpedo warfare4 ,it is reported that our torpedo navy will consist of twenty vessels1 none of which will have a less speed than twelve knots1 and the fastest of them will go seventeen knots4 99 99 99 99 99 ,,sugar ,,making ,,in ,,louisiana4 ,the ,new ,orleans ,times contains1 in a late number1 an account of the manufacture of sugar as conducted on the ,poychas estate1 from which we extract portions containing the essential particulars of cane sugar making as conducted in the southern portions of the ,united ,states4 ,reaching the ,cane shed1 the crop1 dumped into piles1 is received by a crowd of feeders1 who place it 7eight or ten stalks at a time7 on the cane carrier4 ,this is an elevator1 on an endless band of wood and iron1 which carries them to the second story1 where the stalks drop between the rollers4 ,an immense iron tank below1 called a juice box1 receives the liquid portion1 and another elevator bears the bruised and broken fragments to the opposite side of the building1 where they are dropped into the bagasse burner4 ,this invention1 at its introduction1 caused more scientific inquiry and dispute1 probably1 than any other of the age1 and settled beyond question the possibility of combustion1 without the use of atmospheric air4 ,the process consists in dropping the wet1 spongy mass into a fire of wood or coal1 and closing the furnace doors4 ,the steam arising from the drying matter passes to a chamber in the rear1 where1 by the intense heat1 it is decomposed4 ,oxygen and hydrogen 7both strong combustibles7 unite with the carbon1 reaching there in the form of smoke1 and a white heat is the result4 ,cane juice1 as it escapes from the mill1 could scarcely be considered inviting to either palate or vision4 ,the sweet1 slimy mass of fluid1 covered with foam1 and filled with sticks1 has more the appearance of the water in a brewer's vat than anything which now suggests itself4 ,a small furnace1 containing a quantity of burning sulphur1 sends through a tube a volume of its stifling fumes1 and these1 caught by jets of steam1 thoroughly impregnate the contents of the juice box4 ,having received its first lesson in cleanliness1 the liquid now rises through a tube to the series of clarifiers on the second floor4 ,they are heated by a chain of steam pipes running along the bottom1 and being filled1 the juice slowly simmers ,much of the foreign substance rises in a scum to the surface and is skimmed off by the sugar maker4 ,it is further purified by the addition of ,thomaston or what is called sugar lime4 ,at one half a peck is considered sufficient for seven hundred and fifty gallons of juice1 but much depends upon the quantity of saccharine matter it contains4 ,another set of pipes now permit the liquor to run into the evaporators1 in the boiling room below4 ,these are also heated by circles of steam pipes1 and the liquid is first gently simmered1 to enable any additional foreign substance to rise to the surface and be skimmed off4 ,after that the steam is turned on fully1 and the juice boils until it reaches the solidity of twenty-five degrees1 as measured by the saccharometer4 ,this point attained1 more pipes conduct it to a series of square iron tanks called filterers4 ,each is provided with a false bottom1 covered with thick woolen blankets1 and through these the juice slowly drips into an immense iron vessel called a sirup tank4 ,the process of cleaning has now been completed1 and the sirup is pumped into the covered vessel previously alluded to1 called the vacuum pan4 ,this is also heated by layers of steam pipes1 and here the liquor boils until the process of crystallization is completed4 ,this end achieved1 another conductor permits the substance to slowly descend to a large square iron tank1 called a strike-pan4 ,the process of emptying the vacuum pan is technically called a strike4 ,we now find a reddish brown substance1 having somewhat the appearance of soft mortar4 ,men are at hand with square wooden boxes1 and while the sugar is still warm1 it is placed in rotary cylinders1 protected on the inside by wire guards1 called centrifugals4 ,placed on a horizontal1 they revolve with a velocity which frequently reaches #abjj a minute4 ,the damp1 dingy looking pile instantly spreads1 a broad circle of yellow is first visible on the inner rim of the machine1 and this slowly whitening finally becomes a shining ring of snowy sugar4 ,to effect this result requires the aid of nine steam boilers1 three steam engines1 a vacuum pan1 three large evaporators1 five clarifiers1 five filters1 an immense sirup tank1 the juice box1 mill1 bagasse furnace1 and fifteen coolers4 ,with the engineers1 sugar makers1 firemen1 and laborers1 thirty-eight persons are constantly on duty in this sugar-house4 ,doubling this number1 to give each the necessary rest1 swells the gathering to seventy-six souls1 who1 during the grinding season1 find employment at the sugar-house alone4 ,this of course does not include the laborers employed in gathering and bringing in the crop1 and the great number occupied in odd jobs and the extensive repairs which are constantly going on4 99 99 99 99 99 ,sticking1 or ,court ,plaster4 ,this plaster is well known from its general use and its healing properties4 ,it is merely a kind of varnished silk1 and its manufacture is very easy4 ,bruise a sufficient quantity of isinglass1 and let it soak in a little warm water for four-and-twenty hours2 expose it to heat over the fire till the greater part of the water is dissipated1 and supply its place by proof spirits of wine1 which will combine with the isinglass4 ,strain the whole through a piece of open linen1 taking care that the consistence of the mixture shall be such that1 when cool1 it may form a trembling jelly4 ,extend the piece of black silk1 of which you propose making your plaster1 on a wooden frame1 and fix it in that position by means of tacks or pack-thread4 ,then apply the isinglass 7after it has been rendered liquid by a gentle heat7 to the silk with a brush of fine hair 7badgers' is the best74 ,as soon as this first coating is dried1 which will not be long1 apply a second2 and afterwards1 if you wish the article to be very superior1 a third4 ,when the whole is dry1 cover it with two or three coatings of the balsam of ,peru4 ,this is the genuine court plaster4 ,it is pliable1 and never breaks1 which is far from being the case with many of the spurious articles which are sold under that name4 ,indeed1 this commodity is very frequently adulterated4 ,a kind of plaster1 with a very thick and brittle covering1 is often sold for it4 ,the manufacturers of this1 instead of isinglass1 use common glue1 which is much cheaper2 and cover the whole with spirit varnish1 instead of balsam of ,peru4 ,this plaster cracks1 and has none of the balsamic smell by which the genuine court plaster is distinguished4 ,another method of detecting the adulteration is to moisten it with your tongue on the side opposite to that which is varnished2 and1 if the plaster be genuine1 it will adhere exceedingly well4 ,the adulterated plaster is too hard for this2 it will not stick1 unless you moisten it on the varnished side4--,the ,painter1 ,gilder1 and ,varnisher's ,companion4 99 99 99 99 99 ,,an ,,improved ,,hoisting ,,pulley ,,wanted4 ,a gentleman of this city has sent us the accompanying diagram of an improved hoisting pulley1 for which he say she would be willing to pay any reasonable price provided he knew where to obtain it--the wheel1 not the price4 ,it is a pulley within a pulley1 the friction of the outer one upon the inner one--the latter being held by a ratchet and pawl-acting as a brake in lowering weights1 while both would turn together in elevating weights4 ,the idea is rather an ingenious one1 but we are confident our inventors can attain a like object by simpler means4 ,illustration 99 99 99 99 99 ,,the ,,vacuum ,,method ,,of ,,making ,,ice4--,an ice and cold producing machine has been invented by ,herr ,franz ,windhausen1 ,brunswick4 ,the action of the machine is based on the principle of producing cold by the expansion of atmospheric air1 which is accomplished by means of mechanical power4 ,the machines require no chemicals1 nothing being used in them but water and atmospheric air4 ,they may be wrought by steam1 water1 or wind1 and they produce from #ajj to #a1jjj lbs4 of ice per hour1 according to size1 at a cost of from #b;d4 to #e;d4 per #ajj lbs41 this difference resulting from the varying prices of fuel and the mode of working chosen4 ,one of their uses is to cool rooms1 cellars1 theaters1 hospitals1 compartments of ships1 etc4--,builder4 99 99 99 99 99 ,,ferdinand ,,de ,,lesseps--,,chief ,,promoter ,,of ,,the ,,suez ,,canal4 ,from the ,phrenological ,journal4 ,the scheme of re-opening the canal of the ,pharaohs between the ,mediterranean and ,red seas1 and thus connecting by a short cut across the ,isthmus of ,suez the commerce of ,europe and ,asia1 though long entertained by the first ,napoleon1 may fairly be claimed for ,m4 de ,lesseps4 ,his attention was doubtless first drawn to it by reading the memorable report of ,m4 la ,pre1 who was employed by ,bonaparte to make a survey in #agih4 ,the credit of designing and executing the great work belongs alike to him4 ,with the general plan1 progress1 and purpose of the ,canal1 the ,american reader has1 during the past few months1 been made tolerably familiar4 ,he is the son of ,jean ,baptiste ,barthelemi1 ,baron de ,lesseps1 who was born at ,cette1 a ,french port on the ,mediterranean1 in #agfe4 ,jean ,baptiste was for five years ,french ,vice-,consul at ,st4 ,petersburg4 ,in #aghe he accompanied ,la ,perouse on a voyage to ,kamtchatka1 whence he brought by land the papers containing a description of the expedition4 ,in #aghh he was ,consul at ,kronstadt and ,st4 ,petersburg4 ,from ,st4 ,petersburg he was called1 in #ahab1 by the ,emperor ,napoleon1 to ,moscow1 as intendant4 ,from the latter city1 in #ahad1 he proceeded to ,lisbon1 and was stationed there as ,consul until #ahbc4 ,he died at ,paris1 ,may #f1 #ahcd4 ,ferdinand1 the subject of this sketch1 was born at ,versailles in #ahje1 and is consequently in his sixty-fourth year1 though his appearance is that of a man little past the meridian of life4 ,early in life he evinced peculiar aptitude for the diplomatic career in which he has since distinguished himself--a career as varied and romantic as it is brilliant4 ,in #ahbe he was appointed attach to the ,french ,consulate at ,lisbon4 ,two years later found him engaged in the ,commercial ,department of the ,minister of ,foreign ,affairs4 ,during the latter part of #ahbh he was attach to the ,consul-,general at ,tunis2 and in #ahca he was dispatched by his ,government as ,consul to ,alexandria4 ,hard work and rapid promotion for le jeune diplomat6 ,but the most eventful period of his long and wonderfully active career lay yet before him4 ,seven years subsequent to his appointment at ,alexandria1 and consequently when he was in his thirty-fifth year1 he was sent as ,consul to ,rotterdam4 ,from ,rotterdam he proceeded to ,malaga in #ahci1 to negotiate in behalf of ,french commerce with the ,spanish ,government4 ,in the latter part of the same year he was transferred to the ,consulate at ,barcelona1 where during the two subsequent years he was especially active1 and signally distinguished himself against the reign of ,espartero4 ,in #ahdd we again find him in ,alexandria1 whither he was sent to take the place of ,lavalette4 ,but the time for the development of his great project had not yet come4 ,he did not long remain in the ,egyptian capital4 ,returning to his former position in ,barcelona he was witness to some of the scenes of the revolution of ,february4 ,in #ahdh he was appointed ,french ,minister at the court of ,madrid4 ,remaining in the ,spanish capital about a year1 he returned to ,paris immediately after the revolution of '#dh1 and in ,may of the following year was dispatched as ,envoy of the ,french ,republic to the ,republican ,government of ,mazzini at ,rome1 where he took a leading part in the abortive negotiations which preceded the restoration of the ,pope by a ,french army4 ,illustration ,in #ahed he received a commission from the ,socite d'tudes du ,canal de ,suez at ,paris to negotiate with ,sid ,pacha for the construction of the canal projected in #ahaf4 ,accordingly1 toward the close of that year1 we again find him on the ,isthmus1 preparing for his great work4 ,this time he came to conquer4 ,his mission was crowned with success1 and the necessary concession made in ,november of that year4 ,a palace and a retinue of servants were assigned to his use1 and he was treated1 as a guest of the ,viceroy1 with the utmost respect4 ,great opposition followed1 especially from ,england2 and it was not till ,january1 #ahef1 that the second and fuller concession was granted by ,sid ,pacha1 and a ,compagnie ,international fully organized4 ,in #aheh ,m4 ,lesseps succeeded in raising two hundred millions of francs in ,france1 and in #ahei he proceeded to ,egypt and planted the ,egyptian flag in the harbor of the ancient ,pelusium1 the great sea-port of ,egypt thirty centuries ago1 where ,port ,sid now stands4 ,he laid1 at the same time1 the foundation of a lighthouse1 and proudly proclaimed the work commenced4 ,fresh difficulties--chiefly of a political nature--interposed1 but the indefatigable ,lesseps never despaired4 ,in #ahei he had the satisfaction of seeing his company and work placed upon a firm footing1 though the final decision of the ,french ,emperor was not given till ,july1 #ahfd4 ,from that time to the present hour the ,canal has steadily progressed toward completion4 ,the personal appearance of ,m4 de ,lesseps is very striking4 ,though long past middle age1 he has a fresh and even youthful appearance4 ,both face and figure are well preserved2 his slightly curling gray hair sets off in pleasing contrast his bronzed yet clear complexion1 his bright eye1 and genial smile4 ,he is somewhat over the medium stature1 possessed of a compact and well-knit frame1 carries his head erect1 and moves about with a buoyancy and animation perfectly marvelous in one of his years and experience4 ,his address is that of the well-bred1 well-educated ,french gentleman that he is4 ,his manner is winning1 his voice clear and under most excellent control1 as all those who have listened to his admirable lectures on the ,canal at the late ,paris ,exposition cannot fail to remember4 ,what is perhaps most remarkable in a man so bred and constituted1 is that with great gentleness of speech and suavity of manner he combines a strength of will and fixity of purpose worthy of ,napoleon or ,caesar himself4 ,beneath that calm exterior lay a power which needed but the stimulus of a great idea to develop4 ,though beset by difficulties1 laughed at1 and maligned1 he has never for a moment swerved from his purpose or relaxed his efforts to accomplish it4 ,neither the sneers of ,stevenson and his associate engineers1 the heavy broadside of the ,thunderer1 or the squibs of ,punch1 ever made any visible impression on the purpose or action of ,lesseps4--,my purpose from the commencement was to have confidence1 said he4 ,how bravely he has maintained his principle and redeemed his pledge let the ceremonies which marked the completion and inauguration of his great work tell--when sea sent greeting to sea2 and let the keels of richly laden argosies from ,cathay and from ,ind1 which plow the waters of the ,canal1 declare4 99 99 99 99 99 ,,an ,,ingenious ,,vent ,,peg4 ,the engraving illustrates an ,english invention of value in that it provides a means of giving vent to casks from which liquids are to be drawn1 at the same time excluding the air when the drawing is discontinued1 and thus preventing deterioration in the liquid by undue exposure to air4 ,illustration ,the principle on which it operates is that of admitting just so much air as may be required to fill the vacant space produced by the withdrawal of the liquor from time to time1 and affording this air no egress1 thus hermetically sealing the barrel4 ,this is effected by means of a valve opening inward1 at the upper portion of the peg1 so long as the density of the exterior air is in excess of that within4 ,this action takes place at the very instant of the flow of the liquid1 and ceases with it2 for at that instant all further supply is shut off1 there being no further pressure4 99 99 99 99 99 ,,the ,,large ,,trees ,,of ,,texas4--,the large court-house of ,navarro county is said to have been covered with shingles made from a single cedar tree4 ,the oaks1 pecans1 and cedars of that section of the country attain an immense size4 ,a pecan tree in ,navarro county1 on the banks of the ,trinity1 measured twenty-three feet in circumference4 ,the cedars are often more than #ajj feet high4 99 99 99 99 99 ,,electric ,,messages4--,although it may require an hour1 or two or three hours1 to transmit a telegraphic message to a distant city1 yet it is the mechanical adjustment by the sender and receiver which really absorbs this time2 the actual transit is practically instantaneous1 and so it would be from here to ,china1 so far as the current itself is concerned4 99 99 99 99 99 ,a ,new ,english ,patent ,pulley ,block4 ,the following description of a new pulley block1 which we take from the ,ironmonger1 does not give as clear an idea of the invention as could be desired1 but it shows that invention in this field has not yet exhausted itself3 ,illustration ,the block is made on the differential principle4 ,the lifting chain is passed over two sheaves1 each of which is geared internally1 the one having one or more teeth in excess of the other4 ,revolving around these internal teeth is a pinion1 actuated by an eccentric1 which is keyed on to a shaft passing through the center of the block1 with a bearing at each end in the outside frame of the block4 ,at one end of this shaft is a wheel with an endless hand chain passing over it2 this gives the motion to the eccentric shaft4 ,the teeth of the internal pinion are broad enough to gear into the teeth of both the sheaves1 but as there is more teeth in one than in the other1 they 7the teeth7 are not exactly opposite each other1 and therefore will not admit the teeth of the revolving pinion without moving2 but the tooth of the pinion1 acting as a wedge1 and entering with great power1 pushes the one tooth forward and the other tooth back2 and this continually occurring1 a continual rotary motion is given to the sheaves1 in opposite directions1 with a power which is proportioned to the number of the teeth1 the throw of eccentric1 and the leverage gained by the diameter of the hand wheel4 ,the lifting chain is passed over the one sheave1 then down1 and up over the other1 the two ends being attached to a powerful cross bar1 to which is connected the lifting hook4 ,by this means the weight is distributed over the two sheaves and the two parts of the chain1 increasing the safety and diminishing the friction of the block4 ,the blocks are very simple in construction1 and are not at all liable to get out of order2 the construction being such that the weight cannot run down1 though the men lifting let go the chain4 ,they hang quite plumb when in action1 and the men are able to stand clear away from under the load1 as the hand-wheel chain can be worked at any angle4 99 99 99 99 99 ,plants ,in ,sleeping ,rooms4 ,the following from the able pen of ,dr4 ,j4,c4 ,draper1 in the ,january number of the ,galaxy1 will answer some inquiries lately received on the subject1 and is a brief1 but clear exposition of the injurious effects of plants in sleeping apartments3 ,though the air is dependent for the renewal of its oxygen on the action of the green leaves of plants1 it must not be forgotten that it is only in the presence and under the stimulus of light that these organisms decompose carbonic acid4 ,all plants1 irrespective of their kind or nature1 absorb oxygen and exhale carbonic acid in the dark4 ,the quantity of noxious gas thus eliminated is1 however1 exceedingly small when compared with the oxygen thrown out during the day4 ,when they are flowering1 plants exhale carbonic acid in considerable quantity1 and at the same time evolve heat4 ,in this condition1 therefore1 they resemble animals as regards their relation to the air2 and a number of plants placed in a room would1 under these circumstances1 tend to vitiate the air4 ,while the phanerogamia1 or flowering plants1 depend on the air almost entirely for their supply of carbon1 and are busy during the day in restoring to it the oxygen that has been removed by animals1 many of the inferior cryptogamia1 as the fungi and parasitic plants1 obtain their nourishment from material that has already been organized4 ,they do not absorb carbonic acid1 but1 on the contrary1 they act like animals1 absorbing oxygen and exhaling carbonic acid at all times4 ,it is1 therefore1 evident that their presence in a room cannot be productive of good results4 ,aside from the highly deleterious action that plants may exert on the atmosphere of a sleeping room1 by increasing the proportion of carbonic acid during the night1 there is another and more important objection to be urged against their presence in such apartments4 ,like animals1 they exhale peculiar volatile organic principles1 which in many instances render the air unfit for the purposes of respiration4 ,even in the days of ,andronicus this fact was recognized1 for he says1 in speaking of ,arabia ,felix1 that 'by reason of myrrh1 frankincense1 and hot spices there growing1 the air was so obnoxious to their brains1 that the very inhabitants at some times cannot avoid its influence4' ,what the influence on the brains of the inhabitants may have been does not at present interest us3 we have only quoted the statement to show that long ago the emanations from plants were regarded as having an influence on the condition of the air2 and1 in view of our present ignorance1 it would be wise to banish them from our sleeping apartments1 at least until we are better informed regarding their true properties4 99 99 99 99 99 ,,patent ,,office ,,illustrations4--,we are indebted to ,messrs4 ,jewett ,chandler1 of ,buffalo1 ,n4,y41 for advance sheets of the illustrations designed to accompany the ,report of the ,commissioner of ,patents for the year #ahfh4 ,we have frequently had occasion to commend the skill and fidelity of these illustrations4 ,they are most admirably done1 and the value of our ,patent ,office ,reports is much enhanced thereby4 ,in fact without these illustrations the reports would be of little value4 99 99 99 99 99 ,improved ,treadle ,motion4 ,it is well known that the ordinary means employed to propel light machinery by the foot are fatiguing in the extreme and although the best of these is the rock shaft with foot pieces1 employed almost universally in modern sewing machines1 this requires the operator to sit bolt upright1 a position very trying to the back1 and one which has been shown to be productive of weakness and even permanent disease4 ,the device shown in the engraving employs only the swinging motion of the leg to generate the required power4 ,illustration3 ,,goodes' ,,improved ,,treadle ,,motion4 ,a pendulum1 ,a1 is pivoted to the underside of the table and carries a heavy disk1 ,b4 ,to the central pivot of ,b is attached a foot piece1 ,c4 ,the bottom of ,b is slotted1 and through the slot passes a stationary rod1 ,d1 which holds the bottom of the disk from vibrating while it causes the upper part to reciprocate with the swinging of ,a4 ,to the upper part of ,b is pivoted a pitman which actuates the crank as shown4 ,in operation the foot is placed upon the foot piece1 and a swinging motion is imparted by it to the pendulum1 which is ultimately converted into rotary motion by the crank as described4 ,the heavy disk1 ,b1 gives steadiness to the motion1 and acts in concert with the fly wheel on the crank shaft for this purpose2 but it is not essential that this part of the device should be a disk2 any equivalent may be substituted for the same purpose4 ,patented1 through the ,scientific ,american ,patent ,agency1 ,oct1 #bf1 #ahfi1 by ,e4 ,a4 ,goodes ,for further information address ,philadelphia ,patent and ,novelty ,co41 #gag ,spring ,garden street1 ,philadelphia1 ,pa4 99 99 99 99 99 ,improved ,method of ,catching ,curculios4 ,this is a novel and curious invention1 made by ,dr4 ,hull1 of ,alton1 ,ill41 for the purpose of jarring off and catching the curculio from trees infested by this destructive insect4 ,it is a barrow1 with arms and braces covered with cloth1 and having on one side a slot1 which admits the stem of the tree4 ,the curculio catcher1 or machine1 is run against the tree three or four times1 with sufficient force to impart a jarring motion to all its parts4 ,the operator then backs far enough to bring the machine to the center of the space between the rows1 turns round1 and in like manner butts the tree in the opposite row4 ,in this way a man may operate on three hundred trees per hour4 ,a bag and a broom are carried by the operator by which the insects are swept from the cloth and consigned to destruction4 ,illustration3 ,,curculio ,,catcher4 99 99 99 99 99 ,remains of a ,megatherium in ,ohio4 ,the ,columbus ,state ,journal1 of ,dec4 #f1 says there is now on exhibition at the rooms of the ,state ,board of ,agriculture1 or headquarters of the ,geological ,corps1 a section of the femur or thigh bone of an animal of the mastodon species1 the fossilized remains of which were recently discovered in ,union county4 ,these remains were found in a drift formation about three feet below the surface1 and are similar to the remains of the ,megatherium found in other parts of the ,state4 ,arrangements were made by ,mr4 ,klippart1 of the ,geological ,corps1 to have the skeleton or the parts thereof removed with proper care4 ,before excavations had proceeded far bad weather set in1 and work has been abandoned4 ,the section of the femur1 upper part1 with socket ball1 is about twenty inches in length1 or about half the length of the thigh bone4 ,this would make the aggregate length of the bones of the leg about ten feet4 ,the ball is twenty-two inches in circumference1 and the bone lower down1 of course1 much larger4 ,from the part of the skeleton secured1 it is estimated that the hight of the animal was twelve and a half feet1 and the skeleton entire much larger than the specimen now in the ,british ,museum4 ,as this particular species1 or remains thereof1 have been found only in ,ohio1 this specimen has been named the ,megatharium ,ohioensis4 ,the animals lived1 it is supposed1 in the period immediately preceding the human period1 and were after the elephant type4 ,exhuming operations will be resumed in the spring1 and if the skeleton is removed in good shape or a good state of preservation1 it will be set up in the ,echo room at the ,capitol1 where the fossils collected by the ,geological ,corps are now being arranged and stored4 99 99 99 99 99 ,artificial ,ivory4 ,a process for producing artificial ivory has been published in a ,german journal4 ,the inventor makes a solution of india-rubber in chloroform and passes chlorine gas through it4 ,after this1 he heats the solution to drive off any excess of chlorine1 and also the solvent1 whereupon he has left behind a pasty mass with which it is only necessary to incorporate sufficient precipitated carbonate of lime or sulphate of lead1 or1 indeed1 any other dense white powder1 to obtain a material which may be pressed into molds to form whatever articles may be desired4 ,the details of this process are obviously incomplete1 and the success of it may be doubted4 ,only good and well masticated rubber could be employed1 and even then a dilute solution must be made1 and any earthy impurities allowed to deposit4 ,in the next place1 we are doubtful of the bleaching action of chlorine on rubber1 and1 moreover1 chloroform is1 under some circumstances1 decomposed by chlorine4 ,lastly1 it is clear that1 to obtain a hard material at all resembling ivory1 it would be necessary to make a hard cure1 for which a considerable proportion of sulphur would be required4 ,the simple purification of india-rubber by means of chloroform1 would1 however1 furnish a mass of a very fair color4 99 99 99 99 99 ,an iron car made of cylindrical form is now used on the ,bengal ,railway1 for the carriage of cotton and other produce4 ,it is much lighter and safer than the ordinary car4 ,we believe in iron cars4 99 99 99 99 99 ,,one ,,hundred ,,thousand4--,at the rate old subscribers are renewing1 and new ones coming in1 there is a prospect that our ambition to increase the circulation of this paper to one hundred thousand will be gratified4 99 99 99 99 99 ,,american ,,and ,,english ,,railway ,,practice ,,contrasted4 ,a paper on ,american ,locomotives and ,rolling ,stock1 read before the ,institution of ,civil ,engineers1 in ,england1 with an abstract on the discussion thereon1 has been forwarded to us by the publishers1 ,william ,clowes and ,sons1 ,stamford street and ,charing ,cross1 ,london4 ,we have seldom met with a pamphlet of greater interest and value4 ,the whole subject of ,american as contrasted with ,english railroad practice is reviewed1 and the differences which exist1 with the necessities for such differences ably discussed4 ,mr4 ,colburn shows these differences to be external rather than fundamental1 and traces many of the peculiarities of ,american construction to the initiative of ,english engineers4 ,the cause for the adoption and retention of these peculiarities he attributes to the necessities of a new country and the comparative scarcity of capital1 and thinks that but for these causes ,american railways and their rolling stock would have doubtless been constructed1 as in other countries1 upon ,english models1 and worked1 in most respects1 upon ,english principles of management4 ,he reviews the origin and introduction of ,american features of railway practice1 and points out as the distinguishing feature of ,american locomotives and rolling stock the bogie1 or swiveling truck4 ,keeping in mind the distinguishing merits of the bogie1 the other differences between ,english and ,american locomotives are differences more of costume and of toilet than of vital principles of construction4 ,the author attributes the origin of the greater subdivision of rolling weight and consequent coupling of wheels on ,american roads to the comparatively weak and imperfect permanent way1 estimating the maximum weight per wheel as being for many years four ,english tuns1 while three tuns he considers1 as more than the average for each coupled wheel of ,american locomotives4 ,to follow the author through the whole of his able paper1 and the discussion which it elicited1 would occupy more of our space than we can spare for the purpose4 ,we will1 however1 give in the author's own language1 an account of an experiment conducted by him in #ahee on the ,erie ,railroad4 ,in the autumn of #ahee1 the author1 at the request of ,mr4 7now ,general7 ,m',callum1 the manager of the ,erie ,railroad1 took charge of an experimental train1 which he ran over the whole length of the line and back1 a total distance of nearly #ijj miles4 ,the same engine was employed throughout the run1 occupying in all nearly three weeks1 making an average for each week day of about #ej miles4 ,the line is divided into four divisions1 varying considerably in respect of gradients1 and the utmost load the engine could draw was taken in both directions over each division4 ,the maximum inclinations were #a in #hh4 ,the results of the experiments were so voluminous1 that it will be sufficient to detail the particulars of what may be termed crucial tests of adhesion and resistance to traction4 ,the engine had four coupled wheels and a bogie1 the total weight in working trim being #bi tuns1 of which #ag-g_/h tuns rested on the coupled wheels available for adhesion4 ,the coupled wheels were #e feet in diameter2 the outside cylinders were #ag inches in diameter1 and the stroke #bd inches4 ,the safety valves were set to blow off at #acj lbs41 and the steam1 as observed by a ,bourdon gage1 was seldom allowed to exceed that limit4 ,no indicator diagrams were taken1 nor was any measure taken of the wood burnt1 all that could be consumed by the engine1 in maintaining the requisite steam1 being supplied4 ,the tender1 loaded1 weighed #aha tuns4 ,the train drawn consisted of eight-wheel wagons fully loaded with deals4 ,the average weight of each wagon was #e tuns #h cwt4 #c qrs41 and of each wagon with its load #ae tuns #e cwt4 #c qrs4 nearly4 ,the wagons had cast-iron chilled wheels1 each #b feet #f inches in diameter1 with inside journals #c #g_/h inches in diameter1 and #h inches long4 ,all the wagons had been put in complete order1 and the journals1 fitted with oil-tight boxes1 were kept well oiled4 ,the gage of the line was #f feet4 ,the weather was most favorable1 clear and dry1 with the exception of a single day of heavy rain4 ,upon about one hundred miles of the line1 forming a portion of the ,susquehanna division1 a train of one hundred wagons1 weighing1 with engine and tender1 #a1egb tuns was taken4 ,the train was a few feet more than half a mile in length4 ,at one point it was stopped where the line commenced an ascent of #bd feet in four miles1 averaging #a in #hhj up for the whole distance4 ,there were also long and easy curves upon this portion4 ,the train was taken up and purposely stopped on the second mile1 to be sure of starting again with no aid from momentum4 ,the average speed was #e miles an hour1 and neither was the pressure of steam increased nor sand used except in starting from the stops purposely made4 ,the engine1 even were its full boiler pressure of #acj lbs4 maintained as effective pressure upon the pistons throughout the whole length of their stroke1 could not have exerted a tractive force greater than 7#ag x #ag x #acj lbs4 x #b ft47_/ #e ft #ae1jbh lbs42 nor is it at all probable that the effective cylinder pressure could have approached this limit by from #aj lbs4 to #ae lbs4 per square inch4 ,supposing1 however1 for the sake of a reductio ad absurdum1 that the full boiler pressure had been maintained upon the pistons for the whole length of their strokes1 the adhesion of the coupled driving wheels1 not deducting the internal resistances of the engine1 would have been #aejbh_/djjej #c_/h of the weight upon them4 ,in any case there was a resistance of #d1jaa lbs4 due to gravity1 and if even #abj lbs4 mean effective cylinder pressure be assumed1 corresponding to a total tractive force of #ac1hgb lbs41 the quotient representing the rolling and other resistances1 exclusive of gravity1 would be but #f4bg lbs4 per tun of the entire train2 a resistance including all the internal resistances of the engine1 the resistance of the curves1 easy although they were1 and the loss in accelerating and retarding the train in starting and stopping4 ,this estimate of resistance would correspond1 at the observed speed of #e miles an hour 7upwards of of an hour having been consumed on the #d miles71 to #ahe indicated ,h4,p41 which1 with the driving wheels1 making but #bh revolutions per minute1 would be the utmost that an engine with but #a1jch square feet of heating surface could be expected to exert4 ,this was the highest result observed during the three weeks' trial1 but one or two others are worthy of mention4 ,on the ,delaware division of the same line1 the train1 of #a1egb tuns' weight1 was run over #e consecutive miles of absolutely level line1 at a mean rate of #i4bc miles an hour1 and during the same day1 over #e other consecutive miles of level at a mean rate of #i4g miles per hour4 ,on both levels there were #ad chain curves of good length1 and the speed1 from #i to #ab miles an hour1 at which the train entered the respective levels1 was not quite regularly maintained throughout the half hour expended in running over them4 ,but if even #g lbs4 per tun of the total weight be taken as the resistance at these speeds1 the tractive force will be #aa1jjd lbs41 which is more than one fourth the adhesion weight of #dj1jej lbs4 ,on the next day1 the same engine drew #cj wagons weighing #dff tuns1 or1 including engine and tender1 #ead tuns nearly1 up a gradient of #a in #aag1 three miles long1 at a mean speed of #aj miles an hour4 ,the resistance due to gravity was #i1had lbs41 and supposing the other resistance to traction to amount to no more than #g lbs4 per tun1 the total resistance would be #ac1dab lbs41 corresponding to a mean effective cylinder pressure of #aag lbs4 per square inch1 and to a co-efficient of adhesion of almost exactly one third4 ,it is needless to repeat instances of much the same kind1 as occurring during the experiment referred to4 ,the author is bound to say that they were1 no doubt1 influenced by the favorable circumstances of weather1 and something is to be allowed also for the great length of train drawn1 very long trains having a less tractive resistance per tun on a level than short ones1 and something1 possibly more than is commonly supposed1 may have been due to the use of oil-tight axle boxes1 the saponaceous compound known as 'railway grease' being nowhere in use on railways in the ,states4 ,it could not possibly be used1 except in a congealed form1 in the severe ,american winters2 and ,messrs4 ,guebhard and ,dieudonn's experiments 7vide ,de la rsistance des trains et de la puissance des machines4 #hvo4 ,paris1 #ahfh1 p4 #cf7 made in #ahfg1 on the ,eastern ,railway of ,france1 showed a very considerable diminution in the resistance of oil-boxed rolling stock as compared with that fitted with grease boxes4 ,but1 weighed upon the other hand1 are the facts1 first1 that the line was of #f-;feet gage1 and1 pro tanto1 so much the worse for traction2 secondly1 that the wheels were comparatively small1 and the inside journals of comparatively large diameter1 the ratio of the former to the latter being as #g to #a1 instead of #ab to #a as on ,english lines4 ,it is difficult to believe that the length and steadiness of the double bogie goods wagons1 scarcely liable as they are to lateral vibrations1 had not something to do with the result1 which is in some respects unique in the history of railway traction4 ,the result1 although not absolutely showing the real resistance to traction1 nor the real adhesion of the engine1 presents this alternative2 namely1 that the resistance must have been unusually small1 or the adhesion unusually large4 ,in the discussion which followed some doubts were expressed as to the accuracy of ,mr4 ,colburn's conclusions1 drawn from the experiments described2 but it was conceded by some who took part in the discussion that some of the features of our practice might be advantageously copied in ,england4 ,for the most part1 however1 the opinion prevailed that the features of our system1 which are here regarded as almost indispensable1 could not be introduced into ,english practice with advantage4 99 99 99 99 99 ,,boiler ,,covering4 ,,by ,c4,m4 ,o',,hara1 ,c4,e4 ,at the regular weekly meeting of the ,polytechnic ,association of the ,american ,institute1 held on ,thursday evening1 the #beth ult41 the subject of boiler clothing was discussed at some length1 but without any decisive conclusion being arrived at respecting the most serviceable and economical material for that purpose4 ,it appeared from the testimony adduced1 that though there is a variety of substances in use1 even those which are practically acknowledged as being the most efficient are far from coming up to the required standard of utility1 and are characterized by defects which are at once forced upon us by a little close examination4 ,felt is an admirable non-conductor of heat1 but owing to its combustible nature it is quite unreliable when subject to the heat of a high pressure of steam4 ,a large fragment of this material which had been taken off the boiler of a ,north ,river steamboat was exhibited at the meeting1 scorched and charred as if it had been exposed to the direct action of fire4 ,for these reasons felt covering is1 generally speaking1 confined to boilers in which a comparatively low pressure of steam is maintained4 ,but even under the most favorable circumstances of actual wear its durability is limited to a short period4 ,powdered charcoal possesses the elements of efficiency as a non-conductor in an eminent degree2 but its susceptibility of taking fire militates strongly against its adoption as a boiler covering4 ,besides the materials above mentioned1 there are some which come under the denomination of cements2 but the use of such is somewhat at variance with what a dull world would call facts4 ,employing them as a clothing for a vessel in which it is necessary to retain heat is certainly the wrong way of doing a light thing1 if the evidence of distinguished experimenters be worth anything4 ,the researches of most well-informed physical philosophers go to prove that the conducting properties of bodies are augmented by cohesion1 and that heat is conveyed profusely and energetically through all solid and ponderable substances4 ,thus gold1 silver1 and others of the most solid metals are the best conductors4 ,next to the pure metals in conducting powers are rocks1 flints1 porcelain1 earthenware1 and the denser liquids as the solutions of the acids and alkalies4 ,as a further evidence to prove that the passage of heat through all substances is increased by cohesion1 even some of those which are known to be among the best conductors are deprived of this property by a division or disintegration of their particles4 ,pure silica in the state of hard1 rock crystal is a better conductor than bismuth or lead2 but if the rock crystal be pulverized1 the diffusion of heat through its powder is very slow and feeble4 ,heat is conducted swiftly and copiously through transparent rock salt1 but pulverization converts the solid mass into a good non-conductor4 ,caloric has for the same reason a stronger affinity for pure metals than for their oxides4 ,again1 wood is known to be a better non-conductor when reduced to shavings or sawdust than when in the solid state4 ,it is probably on this account that trees are protected by bark1 which is not nearly so dense and hard a body as the wood4 ,wool1 silk1 and cotton are much diminished in conducting qualities when spun and woven1 for the reason that their fibers are brought closer together4 ,count ,rumford discovered that hot water1 at a given temperature1 when placed in a vessel jacketed with a clothing of twisted silk1 and plunged into a freezing mixture1 cooled down to #ahe ,fah4 in #iag seconds4 ,but when the same vessel was clothed with an equal thickness of raw silk1 water at the same heat and under the same process required #a1bfd seconds before it reached the same decrease of temperature4 ,it was also found by ,sir ,humphry ,davy that even metals became non-conductors when their cohesion was destroyed by reducing them to the gaseous state4 ,it is now generally admitted that1 heat being motion1 anything1 which1 by the cohesion of particles1 preserves the continuity of the molecular chain along which the motion is conveyed1 must augment calorific transmission4 ,on the other hand1 when there is a division or disintegration of atoms1 such as exists in sawdust1 powdered charcoal1 furs1 and felt1 the particles composing such bodies are separated from each other by spaces of air1 which the instructed among us well know are good non-conductors of heat4 ,the motion has1 therefore1 to pass from each particle of matter to the air1 and again from the air to the particle adjacent to it4 ,hence1 it will be readily seen1 that in substances composed of separate or divided particles1 the thermal bridge1 so to speak1 is broken1 and the passage of heat is obstructed by innumerable barriers of confined air4 ,the correctness of these assumptions has been so abundantly proved by experimental demonstrations1 that every mind that is tolerably informed on the subject must be relieved of every shade of doubt respecting the greatly superior non-conducting powers which bodies consisting of separate atoms possess over those of a solid concrete nature4 ,the next matter of interest connected with the subject under notice is its relation to the philosophy of radiation4 ,it has long been known that the emission of heat from a polished metallic surface is very slight1 but from a surface of porcelain1 paper1 or charcoal1 heat is discharged profusely4 ,even many of the best non-conductors are powerful radiators1 and throw off heat with a repellent energy difficult to conceive4 ,if two equal balls of thin1 bright silver1 says ,sir ,john ,leslie1 one of them entirely uncovered and the other sheathed in a case of cambric1 be filled with water slightly warmed and then suspended in a close room1 the former will lose only eleven parts in the same time that the latter will dissipate twenty parts4 ,the superior heat-retaining capacity which a clean tin kettle possesses over one that has been allowed to collect smoke and soot1 lies within the compass of the most ordinary observation4 ,the experiments of the eminent philosopher just mentioned furnish a variety of suggestions on the radiation from heated surfaces4 ,he found that1 while the radiating power of clean lead was only #ai1 it rose to #de when tarnished by oxidation1 that the radiating power of plumbago was #ge1 and that of red lead #hj4 ,he also discovered that1 while the radiating power of gold1 silver1 and polished tin was only #ab1 that of paper was #ih1 and lamp black no less than #ajj4 ,he further says3 ,a silver pot will emit scarcely half as much heat as one of porcelain4 ,the addition of a flannel1 though indeed a slow conductor1 far from checking the dissipation of heat1 has directly a contrary tendency1 for it presents to the atmosphere a surface of much greater propulsive energy1 which would require a thickness of no less than three folds to counterbalance4 ,it is safe to infer from this analogy that the felt covering of boilers should not only be of considerable thickness1 but should be protected by an external jacketing of some sort2 for1 though felt is a good non-conductor1 it is a powerful absorber and radiator1 more especially when it has been allowed to contract soot and dust4 ,various experiments have lead to the general conclusion that the power of absorption is always in the same proportion as the power of radiation4 ,it must be so4 ,were any substance a powerful radiator and at the same time a bad absorber1 it would necessarily radiate faster than it would absorb1 and its reduction of temperature would continue without limit4 ,it has1 furthermore1 been proved that the absorptive property of substances increases as their reflecting qualities diminish4 ,hence1 the radiating power of a surface is inversely as its reflecting power4 ,it is for this reason that the polished metallic sheathing on the cylinders of locomotive engines1 and on the boilers of steam fire engines1 is not only ornamental but essentially useful4 ,decisive tests have also established the fact that radiation is effected more or less by color4 ,a black porcelain tea pot1 observes ,dr4 ,lardner1 is the worst conceivable material for that vessel1 for both its material and color are good radiators of heat1 and the liquid contained in it cools with the greatest possible rapidity2 a polished silver or brass tea urn is much better adapted to retain the heat of the water than one of a dull brown1 such as is most commonly used4 ,a few facts like those above stated afford more decisive information regarding the nature of heat than columns of theory or speculation4 ,yet it is rather strange that when so many learned and reliable men have1 experimented so much and commented with such persuasiveness upon the subtile agency of heat and the vast amount of waste that must accrue by injudicious management1 comparatively few have availed themselves of the united labors of these indefatigable pyrologists2 manufacturing owners and corporations still persisting in having their steam boilers painted black or dull red and leaving them exposed to the atmosphere4 ,some persons1 who pass themselves off very satisfactorily as clever engineers1 affect a contempt for the higher branches of science1 and assert1 in a very positive and self-sufficient manner that experiments made in a study or laboratory are on too trifling and small a scale to be practically relied upon2 that a tin kettle or a saucepan is a very different thing to the boiler of a steam engine4 ,this may be so in one sense1 but the same chemical forces which operate upon the one will be just as active in a proportionate degree in their action upon the other4 ,it was said by ,aristotle that the laws of the universe are best observed in the most insignificant objects2 for the same physical causes which hold together the stupendous frame of the universe may be recognized even in a drop of rain4 ,the same observation may be applied to the laws of heat in all their ramifications2 for1 after all1 our experiments are1 in many instances but defective copies of what is continually going on in the great workshop of nature4 ,it would be needless to insist on the wasteful and destructive effects produced by the exposure of boiler surfaces to the open atmosphere4 ,such a practice can be neither supported by experience nor justified by analogy2 and it is to be hoped that it may before long be consigned to the limbo of antiquated absurdities and be satisfactorily forgotten4 ,seeing that it cannot with any show of reason be affirmed that the boiler covering materials in present use possess the requirements necessary to recommend them2 the question arises as to what is the best means of achieving the object required4 ,this is an inquiry which it is the office of time alone to answer4 ,as the problem is obviously one of primary importance1 and well worthy of the attention of inventors1 it is hazarding nothing to predict its satisfactory solution at no distant date4 ,the plain truth is1 boilers have of late become gigantic foes to human life4 ,explosions have increased1 are increasing1 and should be diminished2 and they are1 in many instances1 caused by boilers being strained and weakened by sudden contraction from having their surfaces exposed when the fire has been withdrawn from them4 ,boilers are also materially injured by the excessive furnace heat which it is necessary to maintain to compensate for the large amount of caloric which is dissipated from their surfaces1 not only by radiation but from absorption by the surrounding atmosphere4 ,as the views here laid down are drawn exclusively from the region of fact and experiment1 it is to be hoped that an enlightened sense of self-interest may prompt those whom the subject may concern1 to give it that special attention which its importance demands4 99 99 99 99 99 ,attachment of ,saws to ,swing-,frames4 ,to insure the efficiency of mill-saws1 it is highly important to have them firmly secured in the frames by which they are reciprocated4 ,swing-frames for carrying saws are ordinarily of wrought iron or steel1 and made up of several pieces mortised and tenoned together in the form of a rectangular frame or parallelogram1 of which the longest sides are termed verticals and the shortest crossheads or crossrails4 ,in the case of deal frames1 the swing frame differs somewhat from that of a timber frame1 in having two extra verticals1 which separate it into two equal divisions4 ,these are necessary in order that two deals may be operated upon simultaneously1 each division being devoted to a separate deal1 and likewise to enable the connecting-rod which works the frame to pass up the center and oscillate on a pin near the top1 thereby avoiding the deep excavations and costly foundations required where the rod is engaged with the pin at the bottom4 ,the rack that advances the deals to the saws passes through a bow in the connecting-rod and the middle of the frame1 the deals are placed on either side of it1 on rollers purposely provided4 ,in sawing hard deals1 the saws require to be sharpened about every tenth run or journey1 and every twentieth for soft4 ,fifty runs1 or one hundred deals1 are reckoned an average day's work2 this is inclusive of the time required for changing the saws1 returning the rack for another run1 and other exigencies4 ,for attachment to swing-frames the saws have buckles riveted to them2 these are by various modes connected to the crossheads4 ,each top buckle is passed through the crosshead and is pierced with a mortise for the reception of a thin steel wedge or key1 by whose agency the blade is strained and tightened4 ,the edge of the crosshead upon which the keys bed is steeled to lessen the wear invariably ensuing from frequently driving up the keys4 ,the distances between the blades are adjusted by interposing strips of wood1 or packing pieces1 as they are termed1 of equal thickness with the required boards or leaves2 the whole is then pressed together and held in position by packing screws4 ,the saws themselves are subsequently tightened by forcing home the keys until a certain amount of tension has been attained1 this is ascertained only by the peculiar sound which emanates from the blade on being drawn considerably tight and tense4 ,great experience is required to accustom the ear to the correct intonation1 as in general the tensile strain on the saws approximates so closely to the breaking point that one or two extra taps on the keys are quite sufficient to rupture them4 ,mr4 ,brunel1 in the government saw-mills at ,woolwich1 adopted a method of hanging saws by means of a weighted lever1 like a ,roman steelyard4 ,a cross-shaft affixed above the saws to the cornice of the main frame carried a lever1 weighted at one end and provided with a hook or shackle at the other for engagement with the saw buckle4 ,in using this apparatus the blades were strained one at a time by linking the lever to the buckle and then adjusting the movable weight until the desired tension was acquired1 after which the key was inserted into the mortise and the lever released4 ,this arrangement is not now in common use on account of the trouble attending its employment1 and at present the saws are merely strained by hammering up the keys4 ,the saw blades had usually a tensile strain of upwards of one tun per inch of breadth of blade4 ,it is to be further observed that the cutting edges of the saws are not quite perpendicular1 but have a little lead1 or their upper ends overhang the lower about three eighths of an inch or one half of an inch1 according to the nature of the material to be sawn4 ,the object of this is that the saws may be withdrawn from the cuts in the ascending or back stroke1 and allow the sawdust free escape4 ,the eccentric actuating the mechanism for advancing the timber to the saws is generally set in such a manner that the feed commences just at the moment when the frame has attained half its ascending stroke1 and continues until the entire stroke has been completed4 ,by this regulation the saws are not liable to be suddenly choked1 but come smoothly and softly into their work4--,worssam's ,mechanical ,saws4 99 99 99 99 99 ,,patent ,,decision4 ,in the matter of the application of ,william ,n4 ,bartholomew1 assignor to ,j4 ,reckendorfer1 for letters patent for a design for ,rubber ,eraser--,letters patent for designs have increased in importance within the past few years4 ,formerly but few were granted1 now many are issued4 ,to this day they have made so little figure in litigation that but three reported cases are known in which design patents have come into controversy4 ,with their increase1 questions have arisen concerning their scope and character1 which have given rise to dispute and to inquiry as to the correctness of the current practice of the office in this branch of invention4 ,while on the one hand1 it is insisted that the practice has always been uniform1 and is therefore now fixed and definite2 on the other1 it is asserted1 that there has never been1 and is not now1 any well-defined or uniform practice1 either in the granting or refusal of design patents4 ,the act of #ahcf made no provision for the patenting of designs4 ,the earliest legislation upon this subject is found in the act of ,august #bi1 #ahdb1 section #c2 and the only legislation upon the subject is found in this section and in section #aa1 of the act of ,march #b1 #ahfa4 ,the definition of the subject matter1 or1 in other words1 of a design1 is the same in both acts4 ,it is is follows3 ,that any citizen1 etc41 who1 by his1 her1 or their own industry1 genius1 efforts1 and expense1 may have invented or produced any new and original design for a manufacture1 whether of metal or other material or materials1 any original design for a bust1 statue1 bas-relief1 or composition in alto or basso-relievo1 or any new and original impression being formed in marble or other material1 or any new and useful pattern1 or print1 or picture1 to be either worked into or worked on1 or printed1 or painted1 or cast1 or otherwise fixed on any article of manufacture1 or any new and original shape or configuration of any article of manufacture not known or used by others1 etc4 ,this definition embraces five particulars4 #a4 ,a new and original design for a manufacture4 #b4 ,an original design for a bust1 statue1 etc4 #c4 ,a new and original impression or ornament to be placed on any article of manufacture4 #d4 ,a new and useful pattern1 print1 or picture to be worked into or worked on1 or printed1 or painted1 or cast1 or otherwise fixed on any article of manufacture4 #e4 ,a new and original shape or configuration of any article of manufacture4 ,the first three of these classes would seem to refer to ornament only2 the fourth to ornament1 combined with utility1 as in the case of trade marks2 and the fifth to new shapes or forms of manufactured articles1 which1 for some reason1 were preferable to those previously adopted4 ,the disputed questions which have thus far arisen under these definitions are3 #a4 ,what variations may be claimed or covered by the patent consistently with unity of design4 #b4 ,is a new shape of an article of manufacture1 whereby utility is secured1 a subject of protection under this act2 and #c4 ,is mechanical function of any kind covered by it4 ,as to the first of these questions1 it seems to have been assumed that the design spoken of in all parts of the sections referred to covered a fixed1 unchangeable figure1 that the protection of letters patent did not extend to any variation1 however slight1 but that such variation constituted a new design1 might be covered by a new patent1 and might safely be used without infringement of the first4 ,this1 it is said1 is the correct theory of the law1 and has been the uniform adjudication of the ,office4 ,neither of these statements is absolutely correct4 ,the law by no means defines a design with such strictness4 ,the language is1 new and original design for a manufacture1 new and original impression or ornament1 new and original shape or configuration4 ,it would seem to be too plain for argument1 that the new design1 or impression1 or shape1 might be so generic in its character as to admit of many variations1 which should embody the substantial characteristics and be entirely consistent with a substantial identity of form4 ,thus1 if the invention were of a design for an ornamental button1 the face of which was grooved with radial rays1 it would seem that the first designer of such a button might properly describe a button of five rays1 and1 having stated that a greater number of rays might be used1 might claim a design consisting generally of radial rays1 or of five or more rays1 and1 that it could not be necessary for him to take out a patent for each additional ray that could be cut upon his button4 ,so1 if the design were the ornamentation of long combs by a chain of pearls1 it would seem that a claim for such a design might be maintained against one who arranged the pearls1 either in curved or straight lines1 or who used half pearls only1 and that such modifications if they had occurred to the designer1 might properly have been enumerated in his specification as possible and equivalent variations4 ,in short1 ,i can see no reason1 under the law1 why designs may not be generic1 why what are called broad claims1 may not be made to them1 and why the doctrine of artistic or aesthetic equivalents may not be applied to them4 ,this has been recognized to a greater or less extent in the adjudications of the courts and in the practice of the ,office4 ,one of the reported cases is that of ,booth vs4 ,garelly #a1 ,blatch #bdg4 ,the design is described as consisting of radially formed ornaments on the face of the molds or blocks of which the button is formed1 combined with the mode of winding the covering on the same1 substantially as set forth1 whether the covering be of one or more colors4 ,the specification1 in substantially setting forth the design1 contained this language3 ,it will be obvious from the foregoing that the figures can be changed at pleasure by giving the desired form to the face of the mold by depressions and elevations which radiate from a point1 whether in the center of the mold or eccentric thereto4 ,in the consideration of the case by the ,court no objection was made to this statement or claim4 ,in the case of ,root vs4 ,ball1 #d ,mc,lean #ahj1 the learned judge instructed the jury that if they should find that the defendants had infringed the plaintiff's patent by using substantially the same device as ornamental on the same part of the stove they would1 of course1 find the defendant guilty4 ,to infringe a patent right it is not necessary that the thing patented should be adopted in every particular2 but if1 as in the present case1 the design and figures were substantially adopted by the defendants1 they have infringed the plaintiff's right4 ,if they adopt the same principle the defendants are guilty4 ,the principle of a machine is that combination of mechanical powers which produce a certain result4 ,and in a case like the present1 where ornaments are used for a stove1 it is an infringement to adopt the design so as to produce substantially the same appearance4 ,it has been the constant practice to grant patents for designs for fonts of type1 for sets of silver plate1 for a series of printers' flourishes1 and the like4 ,this class of cases has always passed without objection4 ,two other cases which have arisen within the ,office deserve notive4 ,the first was for a series of miniature shoulder straps1 with emblems denoting rank1 provided with a pin1 to be worn under an officer's coat1 upon his vest1 or as a lady's breastpin4 ,the drawing shows eight of these pins with emblems of rank1 varying from that of second lieutenant to major-general1 specification describing the brooch for a second lieutenant goes on to say3 ,i propose to introduce1 on some of them1 the different ornaments showing the respective ranks of the army1 from a major-generalship to a second lieutenancy4 ,see ,figs4 #b1 #c1 #d1 #e1 #f1 #g1 #h4 ,the second case was that of an application for a monogram visiting card1 on which the name was to be inscribed or printed in the form of a monogram4 ,the applicant filed a drawing1 showing a card upon which was a monogram of his own name4 ,in his specification he gives certain rules for forming such monograms1 and then says3 ,it is manifest that the form of the letters as well as the letters themselves can be changed as required by circumstances or the taste of the individual for whom the monogram is designed2 and that the general form and outline of the monogram may be varied2 and indeed1 must vary to be adapted to the particular name it is required to represent4 ,the claim was for a monogram1 visiting card1 or visiting card upon which the name is inscribed or printed in the form of a monogram1 substantially as herein specified4 ,this application was rejected by the ,examiner and ,board of ,examiners-in-,chief1 but was allowed by the ,commissioner upon appeal4 ,it is true that1 before and since this patent was issued1 many patents have been refused for what ,i have called generic designs4 ,one man having designed a tack head1 ornamented with radial lines1 was compelled to take out one patent for his tack with six radial lines1 and another for the same tack with eight4 ,there are other instances of like character1 but they only serve to show that the practice of the ,office has not been uniform1 and that the true practice is still to be adopted and followed4 ,i have no hesitation in saying1 in view of the premises1 that a valid patent may be granted for a new genus or class of ornaments as well as for specific ornaments1 though ,i do not doubt that1 under the statute1 every species1 variety1 and individual having distinct characteristics under such a genus might also be patented1 the patent being subordinate and tributary to that which covered the class4 ,from the nature of this subject-matter there must always be more latitude in the issue of patents for trifling changes1 or form1 or outline1 since it is only necessary that such changes should constitute a new design to entitle them to a patent of this class4 ,the second question relates to the elements of utility in patents for designs4 ,upon this point1 it is said by my predecessor1 in ,jason ,crane ex parte ,commissioners1 ,december-,may1 #ahfi1 p4 #a1 that the construction which has been given to the act of #ahdb1 by the ,office1 ever since its passage1 is that it relates to designs for ornament merely2 something of an artistic character as contradistinguished to those of convenience or utility4 ,the ,board of ,examiners-in-,chief1 in the present case1 say ,the practice of the ,office has been uniform from the beginning1 and has always excluded cases like the present from the benefit of the laws relating to designs4 ,and1 again1 ,the general understanding has always been that the acts of #ahdb and #ahfa were intended to cover articles making pretensions to artistic excellence exclusively4 ,in thus denying that a new shape or configuration of an article1 whereby utility or convenience is promoted1 is the proper subject of a patent under the acts referred to1 the ,office would seem to have involved itself in the absurdity that if a design is useless it may be patented2 whereas1 if it be useful1 it is entitled to no protection4 ,fortunately no such uniform practice has existed1 and the ,office is relieved from so grievous an imputation4 ,the practice seems to have been taken for granted by the appellate tribunals1 and1 so far from being as stated1 is1 as nearly as possible1 the reverse of it4 ,articles have been1 and are being1 constantly patented as designs which possess no element of the artistic or ornamental1 but are valuable solely because1 by a new shape or configuration1 they possess more utility than the prior forms of like articles ,of this character are designs for ax heads1 for reflectors1 for lamp shades1 for the soles of boots and shoes1 which have been heretofore patented as designs1 and to this class might be added1 with great propriety1 that class of so-called mechanical patents1 granted for mere changes of form1 such as plowshares1 fan blowers1 propeller blades1 and others of like character4 ,when1 therefore1 my learned predecessor in ,crane's case added to this number a box so designed as to hold with convenience a set of furs1 he did but confirm and not alter the practice of the ,office1 so far as it can be gleaned from the patented cases4 ,i am of opinion that the class of cases named in the act as arising from new shape or configuration includes within it all those mere changes of form which involve increase of utility4 ,this ,i take to be the spirit of the decision in ,wooster vs4 ,crane1 #b ,fisher #ehc4 ,the design was of a reel in the shape of a rhombus4 ,the learned ,judge says ,in this case1 the reel itself1 as an article of manufacture1 is conceded to be old and not the subject of a patent4 ,the shape applied to it by the complainant is also an old1 well-known mathematical figure4 ,now although it does not appear that any person ever before applied this particular shape to this particular article1 ,i cannot think that the act quoted above was intended to secure to the complainant an exclusive right to use this well known figure in the manufacture of reels4 ,the act1 although it does not require utility in order to secure the benefit of its provisions1 does require that the shape produced shall be the result of industry1 effort genius1 or expense1 and must also1 ,i think1 be held to require that the shape or configuration sought to be secured shall1 at least1 be new and original as applied to articles of manufacture4 ,but here the shape is a common one in many articles of manufacture1 and its application to a reel cannot fairly be said to be the result of industry1 genius1 effort1 and expense4 ,no advantage whatever is pretended to be derived from the adoption of the form selected by the complainant1 except the incidental one of using it as a trademark4 ,its selection can hardly be said to be the result of effort even2 it was simply an arbitrary chance selection of one of many well-known shapes1 all equally well adapted to the purpose4 ,to hold that such an application of a common form can be secured by letters patent1 would be giving the act of #ahfa a construction broader than ,i am willing to give it ,it would seem from this language that if there had been advantage1 that is1 utility in the adoption of the form of the rhombus1 that it would have found more favor in the eyes of the ,court4 ,this subject has been well discussed in the opinion of ,commissioner ,foote in ,crane ex parte4 ,i concur in that opinion1 except as to the recital of the former practice of the ,office1 which a careful examination has shown to be erroneous4 ,the third question may be readily disposed of4 ,modes of operation or construction1 principles of action1 combinations to secure novelty or utility of movement1 or compositions of matter1 can hardly be said to be shapes1 configurations1 or designs1 but where the sole utility of the new device arises from its new shape or configuration1 ,i think it may fairly be included among the subjects which the act of #ahdb was designed to protect4 ,the present case may1 in view of the foregoing consideration1 be disposed of without difficulty4 ,letters patent are asked1 by applicant1 for a new design for a rubber eraser1 which consists in giving to the eraser a cylindrical body1 with ends beveled to an edge4 ,the claim is for the cylindrical rubber eraser provided with a wrapper or case1 as herein shown and described ,in the body of the specification the applicant describes the mode of making the eraser1 and he also enumerates its advantages over erasers of the ordinary forms4 ,the ,examiner does not object to the application because of the utility of the eraser1 although the ,board of ,examiners in ,chief seem to base their decision upon that point alone1 but he pronounces the form already old in its application to artists' stumps1 and he insists that the mode of composition or construction can form no element1 for the claim for a design patent4 ,in the latter statement he is undoubtedly right4 ,these patents are granted solely for new shapes or forms1 and the form being new it is immaterial by what process that form is attained4 ,the composition of matter or the mode of construction is neither design1 shape1 nor configuration1 and must be protected1 if at all1 under a patent of another kind4 ,i cannot say that the presence of such matter in the specification would be objectionable if description merely1 but it could in no way be allowed to enter into1 or to modify the claim4 ,as to the first ground of rejection1 ,i think the ,examiner is in error4 ,this purports to be a new form or shape of a distinct article of manufacture1 to wit3 rubber erasers4 ,if it be new1 as thus applied1 it is immaterial whether pencils1 or stumps1 or pen holders1 or anything else may or may not have been made cylindrical4 ,if they are not substantially the same article of manufacture as erasers1 the old form applied to this new article is unquestionably entitled to protection4 ,the applicant has not defined his invention with entire accuracy4 ,he should strike from his claim the words provided with a wrapper or case1 as those relate to construction and not configuration1 and he should insert the words having the ends beveled to an edge in lieu of the phrase erased1 or he should adopt the usual form of claim for designs1 viz3 ,the design for a rubber eraser1 as shown and described4 ,as the claim stands1 it ought not to be allowed1 and the decision must be affirmed1 but the applicant will be allowed to amend as suggested4 7,signed7 ,s4,s4 ,,fisher4 ,commissioner of ,patents 99 99 99 99 99 ,inventions ,patented ,in ,england by ,americans4 ,compiled from the ,journal of the ,commissioners of ,patents4 ,,provisional ,,protection ,,for ,,six ,,months4 #c1bja4--,,sewing ,,machine4--,h4,a4 ,house1 ,bridgeport1 ,conn4 ,november #d1 #ahfi4 #c1baa4--;,,boring ,,tool4--,alexander ,allen1 ,new ,york city4 ,november #e #ahfi4 #c1bae4--,,mode ,,of ,,and ,,devices ,,foe ,,securing ,,stair ,,rods4--,h4 ,uhry1 ,new ,york city4 ,november #f1 #ahfi4 #c1bbi4--,,transportation ,,of ,,letters1 ,,parcels1 ,,and ,,other ,,freight ,,by ,,atmospheric ,,pressure1 ,,and ,,in ,,apparatus ,,connected ,,therewith4--,a4 ,e4 ,beach1 ,stratford1 ,conn4 ,november #i1 #ahfi4 #c1cjc4--,,reloading ,,cartridge ,,shell4--,r4,j4 ,gatling1 ,indianapolis1 ,ind4 ,november #af1 #ahfi4 #c1cdb4--,,wooden ,,pavement4--,i4 ,hayward and ,j4,f4 ,paul1 ,boston1 ,mass4 ,november #bj1 #ahfi4 #c1ceh4--,,machinery ,,for ,,distributing ,,type4--,o4,l4 ,brown1 ,boston1 ,mass4 ,november #bj1ahfi4 #c1bai4--,,weighing ,,machine4--,m4 ,kennedy1 ,new ,york city4 ,november #aj1 #ahfi4 #c1bfj4--;,,bran ,,duster4--,w4 ,huntley and ,a4 ,babcock1 ,silver ,creek1 ,n4,y4 ,november #ab1 #ahfi4 #c1cci4--,,railway ,,carriage4--,e4 ,robbins1 ,cincinnati1 ,ohio4 ,november #ai1 #ahfi4 #c1cda4--,,revolving ,,battery ,,gun4--,r4,j4 ,gatling1 ,indianapolis1 ,ind4 ,nov4 #ai1 #ahfi4 #c1cfj4--,,sash ,,fastener4--,s4,l4 ,loomis1 ,south ,byron1 ,n4,y4 ,november #bj1 #ahfi4 #c1cfc4--,,magnetic ,,machines ,,and ,,magnets4--,j4 ,burroughs1 ,jr41 ,newark ,n4,j4 ,november #bj1 #ahfi4 99 99 99 99 99 ,russ' ,improved ,wood ,molding ,machine4 ,a comprehensive description of this excellent machine was given upon page #bcj1 ,vol4 ,,xviii41 of the ,,scientific ,,american4 ,we now present our readers with an engraving of it and a summary of its important features1 which doubtless render it equal if not superior to any machine of the kind in market4 ,the frame in which the feed rollers are arranged is so hung to the frame-work of the molding machine1 that it can be raised or lowered at pleasure1 in order to properly adjust the feed rollers for action upon the stuff1 and it is also so constructed as to permit the feed rollers to yield in case of variations in the thickness of the stuff passing under them4 ,the spindle of the side cutter-heads is hung in a vertical frame arranged to be moved up and down1 and laterally1 to adjust the cutter-head for action1 and is provided at its upper end with a box or bearing1 whereby the bearing of the box is always kept upon the spindle instead of at different points of the same as in other machines1 and this without interfering with the adjustability of the side cutter-head4 ,thus uneven wear is avoided4 ,illustration3 ,,russ' ,,monitor ,,molding ,,machine4 ,the bed of the machine is formed with a series of slots or openings provided with bridge bars so that the cutters may act upon the edges of the stuff without danger of injury from striking the bed4 ,the presser shoe is also made adjustable for different thicknesses of the stuff and self-yielding to variations in thickness1 by a peculiar method of hanging the bar1 which carries the presser shoe1 to the framework of the machine4 ,the clamp which holds the press block which acts upon the stuff after it has passed through the cutter1 is of novel construction1 and the spindle of the side cutter-heads is so arranged in connection with a loose pulley and the pulley-drums1 that both cutter-heads are driven by one belt and in the same direction4 ,the bed plate is provided with springs through which the side cutter-heads are arranged1 to move laterally or transversely with a bridge-plate or plates1 susceptible of adjustment independent of the cutter-heads1 whereby an adjustable support to the stuff is given as it passes over the line of the openings in the bed4 ,most machines have weighted pressure feed1 but this having steel springs adjustable by a screw and hand wheel1 a heavy or light pressure can be applied according to the work done or size of molding4 ,the cutter-heads are square and slotted so that any style of molding can be stuck by putting cutters on all sides of the head1 thus equalizing the cost and lessening the power4 ,the pressure shoe is arranged to hold the stuff at the very point of contact with the cutters1 and1 as we have shown1 is readily adjusted to a long or short cutter1 so that a small molding can be made as smooth as a large one1 and so as not to require any finishing with sandpaper or a hand tool4 ,the machine has also a bevel track very useful for picture frame molding1 and a patent cap of great value for the cutters1 and readily applied to any slotted head or common head4 ,the wrenches that go with the machine1 and the common malleable iron caps for the top cylinder1 are shown in detail4 ,these machines are now running in ,worcester1 ,boston1 and ,fitchburg1 ,mass42 ,chicago1 ,ill43 ,philadelphia1 ,pa42 ,brattleboro1 ,vt42 ,whitesboro1 ,n4 ,y42 ,charleston1 ,s4 ,c41 and other places1 and1 it is claimed1 are capable of doing better work and more of it than any machine now in use4 ,this machine is covered by several patents taken through the ,scientific ,american ,patent ,agency4 ,it is manufactured by ,r4 ,ball ,co41 of ,worcester1 ,mass1 to whom write for further information4 99 99 99 99 99 ,a ,lost ,civilization4 ,at the last regular meeting of the ,american ,geographical and ,statistical ,society at its rooms in the ,cooper ,institute1 ,professor ,newberry1 of ,columbia ,college1 delivered an address on the subject of his explorations in ,utah and ,arizona ,territories4 ,the speaker commenced by giving a short history of the circumstances under which the two government expeditions to which he was attached were organized4 ,he then confined his remarks to the subject of the latter expedition1 no account of which has yet been published4 ,its aim was principally to explore the region embraced by what is known as the old ,spanish trail from ,santa ,fe to ,california4 ,after giving an interesting account of the topography of the region traversed1 he proceeded to speak of the traces which were found on every hand of a former occupancy by a numerous population now extinct4 ,these were most numerous near the course of the ,san ,juan river4 ,there were found ruins of immense structures1 a view of one of which he exhibited1 built regularly of bricks1 a foot in thickness1 and about eighteen inches in length1 with the joints properly broken1 and as regularly laid and as smooth as any in a ,fifth ,avenue mansion4 ,this structure he said was as large as the ,croton reservoir4 ,inside were rooms nicely plastered as the walls of a modern house4 ,there were also traces of extensive canals1 which had been constructed to bring water to these towns1 which were received into large cisterns4 ,the lecturer also exhibited pieces of pottery which he said abounded everywhere1 showing that in a former age all this vast region had been inhabited4 ,he gave it as his opinion that the depopulation of this region was attributable to the fact that both to the north and the south were warlike hordes1 and from the incursions of one and the other of these1 the peaceable ,aztecs1 who had been the former denizens of the country1 had been gradually wiped out4 ,the only people left here now were the ,mokies1 who lived in towns inclosed within high1 thick walls1 and who were almost inaccessible4 ,these people were visited1 and the explorers were received by them with great hospitality4 ,the speaker concluded by giving a short account of the manners of the people and their customs1 as far as an opportunity was had to observe them4 99 99 99 99 99 ,,girard',s ,,palier ,,glissant4 ,the term palier glissant1 which does not admit of being very happily translated into an ,english term of equal brevity1 is the name given by the inventor1 ,mr4 ,girard1 to a frictionless support1 or socket1 designed to sustain the axes of heavy wheels in machinery4 ,since it is a contrivance deriving its efficacy from hydraulic pressure1 it may1 without impropriety1 be considered here4 ,the friction of axles in their supports is the occasion of a considerable loss of power in every machine4 ,illustration ,the loss of power itself1 though a real disadvantage1 is nevertheless a matter of secondary consequence compared with the attendant elevation of temperature1 which1 were not means carefully provided for reducing friction to the lowest point possible1 might soon be so great as to arrest the operation of the machine itself4 ,it was stated in a public lecture delivered in ,may1 #ahfg1 before the ,scientific ,association of ,france1 that1 in a certain instance within the lecturer's knowledge1 the screw shaft of a ,french naval propeller became absolutely welded to its support1 though surrounded by the water of the sea1 in consequence of the great heat developed by its revolution4 ,the ordinary means of reducing friction is to apply oil1 or some other unctuous substance1 to the parts which move upon each other4 ,some disadvantages attend this expedient1 but till a better is suggested they have to be endured4 ,the cost of the oil expended in maintaining in proper condition the axles of the machinery in a foundery1 or of the rolling stock of a railroad1 amounts to a large sum annually2 while the want of neatness which its use makes1 to a certain extent1 inevitable1 and the labor which must be constantly employed to prevent this want of neatness from becoming much greater than it is1 are serious items to be set off against its positive usefulness4 ,the object of ,mr4 ,girard is to get rid of all these drawbacks by the simple expedient of substituting water for oil4 ,it would not avail to apply water precisely as oil is applied4 ,though any one's experience may tell him that two smooth pieces of metal will slide more smoothly on each other when they are wet than when they are dry1 yet every one knows also that oil facilitates the movement much more perceptibly than water2 and also1 that in the case of oil there is no difficulty in maintaining the lubricating film1 whereas water easily evaporates1 and in case of the accident of even a moderate elevation of temperature1 it would be expelled from the joint entirely4 ,mr4 ,girard proposes1 therefore1 to employ the water to act1 first1 by its pressure1 to lift the ,journal to be lubricated2 and secondly1 by its fluidity1 to form a liquid bed or cushion between the journal and its box1 on which the journal may rest in its revolution1 without touching the metal of the box at all4 ,the construction will be understood by referring to the figure4 ,one of the journals is represented as removed1 and in the cylindrical surface of the socket are seen grooves occupying a considerable part of the area exposed4 ,these grooves communicate1 by an aperture in the middle1 with a tube which is represented externally1 and which sends a branch to the other journal1 through which water under a heavy pressure is introduced into the box beneath the journal4 ,the effect of the hydraulic pressure is to lift the axle1 opening a passage for the escape of the compressed water1 which at the same time1 because of its release from compression1 loses the power to sustain the weight4 ,if1 therefore1 by the first impulse1 the axle is thrown upward to any sensible distance1 it will immediately fall back again1 once more confining more or less completely the water4 ,after one or two oscillations1 therefore1 the axle will settle itself at length in a position in which1 while the water will escape1 it will escape but as a film of inappreciable thickness4 ,in this condition the journal turns upon a liquid bed1 and the resistance to its revolution is so excessively small that a slow rotation given by hand to a wheel sustained by it will be maintained for many minutes without perceptible retardation4 ,in fact1 the most striking illustration which can be given of the immense superiority of the palier glissant over a support lubricated in in any other way1 is furnished by placing two precisely similar wheels or disks side by side1 weighing five or six pounds each1 with a diameter of seven or eight inches1 and journals of half an inch in diameter2 one of them furnished with paliers glissants1 and the other with boxes lubricated with fine oil4 ,give each of them a velocity of rotation of about one revolution in a second2 the one lubricated with oil will come to rest before the other begins to give evidence of any sensible retardation2 but if at any moment the stop-cock which supplies the water to the second be turned1 this one will also stop1 and its stopping will be instantaneous4 ,it might be supposed that a journal supported in the manner above described would be unsteady and liable to injurious vibrations4 ,this is not the case1 and it is easy to see why not4 ,when the journal is truly in the middle of the socket1 that is to say when there is an equal distance between it and the wall of the socket on either side1 it will be equally pressed from both sides4 ,but if it is in the least displaced laterally1 the pressure on the side toward which it moves will instantly increase1 while that on the other side will correspondingly diminish3 both causes transpiring to resist the displacement1 and to maintain the journal in the position of true equilibrium4 ,the water pressure by which these slippery supports are supplied must be created by a force pump worked by the machine itself4 ,the reservoir need not be large as the expenditure of water is very minute in volume4 ,to the objection which may naturally be made1 that the working of the pump must be a tax on the motive power without return1 a reply at once simple and satisfactory is found in the experience of ,mr4 ,girard1 that the working of the pump does not consume so much as half1 and sometimes not more than one one quarter1 of the power which is lost in friction when the ordinary modes of lubrication are employed2 so that by the adoption of this expedient the available power of the machine is very sensibly increased after deducting all that is expended in the performance of this additional work4 99 99 99 99 99 ,,bees ,,beneficial ,,to ,,fruit4--,dr4 ,a4 ,packard1 editor of the ,american ,naturalist1 replies to a query in regard to the effects produced upon fruit by the agency of honey bees1 that all the evidence given by botanists and zoologists who have specially studied the subject1 shows that bees improve the quality and tend to increase the quantity of fruit4 ,they aid in the fertilization of flowers1 thus preventing the occurrence of sterile flowers1 and1 by more thoroughly fertilizing flowers already perfect1 render the production of sound and well developed fruit more sure4 ,many botanists think if it were not for bees1 and other insects1 many plants would not bear fruit at all4 99 99 99 99 99 ,steamboats on the ,american plan are to be introduced on ,lake ,geneva1 ,switzerland4 ,this will add very greatly to the comfort and pleasure of tourists on that beautiful lake4 99 99 99 99 99 ,,scientific ,,american ,,munn ,,company1 ,editors and ,proprietors4 ,,published ,,weekly ,,at ,,no4 #cg ,,park ,,row 7,,park ,,building71 ,,new ,,york4 ,o4,d4 ,,munn4 ,s4,h4 ,,wales4 ,a4,e4 ,,beach4 99 99 99 99 99 ,the ,american ,news ,company1 ,agents1 #aba ,nassau street1 ,new ,york ,the ,new ,york ,news ,company1 #h ,spruce street 99 99 99 99 99 ,,vol4 ,,xvii41 ,no4 #a4444,,new ,,series44444,twenty-fifth ,year4 ,,new ,,york1 ,,saturday1 ,,january1 #a1 #ahgj4 99 99 99 99 99 ,a ,,happy ,,new ,,year6 ,is the heartfelt wish conveyed in this beautiful and unusually large number1 to each and all of our friends and readers ,this holiday number is worthy of note not only on account of its size1 its rich table of contents1 and profuse illustrations1 but because we publish this week the largest edition ever sent out from this office4 ,our readers may be surprised at our publishing the title page of the volume again this week but they will please observe it is the title page of ,vol ,,xxii1 which we are now commencing ,the title pages will hereafter be published with the first instead of the last number of each volume1 so as to bring it in its proper place for binding4 ,subscriptions are pouring in from all parts of the country in the most encouraging manner4 ,many have already secured the prize engraving1 by sending in the requisite number of names-but we feel obliged to confess that there is now a considerable want of vitality in the competition for the cash prizes4 ,we expect however1 that as soon as the new year's greetings are fairly exchanged1 that this opportunity to receive some purse money will attract the attention of our enterprising readers ,the times may be a little close just now1 but we are confident that the spring will open joyously1 and we are quite sure that the people will still want to know what is going on in the ,,great ,,world ,,of ,,industry1 which1 it will be our duty to chronicle4 ,all lists intended to compete for the cash premium must be marked ,cash prize list4 ,once more we say a ,happy ,new ,year to all4 99 99 99 99 99 ,,the ,,suez ,,canal ,,not ,,yet ,a ,,failure4 ,the daily press is giving currency to a great many facts in regard to the present incomplete condition of the ,suez ,canal1 and some journals are arguing therefrom that it is a failure4 ,as yet1 ships of heavy draft are unable to get through it4 ,some disasters to shipping have occurred in the ,red ,sea after the canal has been passed1 and it is not at all improbable that more troubles will arise before everything goes smoothly4 ,the ,red ,sea is comparatively unknown to navigators4 ,it contains hidden rocks which must be charted and buoyed before its navigation can be rendered safe4 ,surely this ought not to take the world by surprise4 ,as to the canal itself1 we are only surprised that it has reached its present state of perfection and we advise those who now make haste to prophesy ignominious defeat for one of the greatest enterprises of the century1 to suspend judgment for a time4 ,new ,york journalists might certainly call to mind with profit1 the annual troubles attending the opening of the canals in this ,state4 ,frosts heave and rats undermine1 and banks annually give way1 yet these things are not regarded as surprising4 ,but upon the opening of a work1 to which all the minor canals in the world are like the rods of the magicians to ,aaron's rod which swallowed them up1 it is expected that everything shall move without difficulty1 and that no oversight will have been committed4 ,truly this would be to attribute a power of prevision to ,m4 ,lesseps beyond what is human4 ,the world can afford to wait a little till this huge machine gets oiled4 ,great enterprises move slow at the outset4 ,we have yet unshaken faith in the ultimate success of the ,suez ,canal4 99 99 99 99 99 ,,tubular ,,boilers ,,and ,,boiler ,,explosions4 ,in our description of the novel steam boiler1 published on page #bji1 last volume1 we made a quotation from several eminent writers and experimenters on the subjects of heat and steam1 to the effect that the tubular system in steam boilers was wrong in theory and unsafe in practice1 and although this system has hitherto been extensively used on account of some advantages which it secures1 it has long been a serious question with thinking men whether these advantages were not obtained at too dear a rate4 ,while not prepared to admit all the force of the objections made to the tubular system1 there are arguments against it that it will not do to treat lightly and which seem to us more and more forcible the more we candidly reflect upon the subject4 ,one of the most forcible of these which occurs to us is1 that in the tubular system the disruptive force of unequal expansion is far more likely to become a cause of danger than in the plain cylinder boiler4 ,in such boilers the tension of expanded tubes is transmitted to the shell1 which are greatly strained without doubt1 often nearly to the verge of rupture4 ,when this occurs it is evident an unusual strain1 caused by sudden generation of steam1 would act in concert with the expansion of the tubes1 and we have no doubt these causes combined have given rise to many an explosion when the steam1 acting singly1 could never have produced rupture4 ,but while we give due weight to this argument1 there is one often referred to by our correspondents1 and which we often see stated in newspapers1 as ridiculous as the one we have noticed is forcible4 ,it is that when1 in such boilers1 water1 by carelessness or otherwise1 is allowed to fall below any of the tubes1 the steam which surrounds them is decomposed1 and becomes an explosive mixture of hydrogen and oxygen gases1 ready to explode with terrible violence whenever the temperature of the tubes shall have reached the proper point4 ,this argument is ridiculous1 because it rests on no experimental basis4 ,it is a flimsy theory1 entirely unsupported by any facts4 ,never has it been proved that hot iron1 at any temperature likely to be obtained in steam boiler tubes1 decomposes steam except by itself appropriating the oxygen of the steam1 and leaving the hydrogen1 by itself no more explosive than any other heated gas4 ,the sole object of the tubular boiler is to increase the heating surface1 without corresponding increase in other particulars4 ,that it is not the only means whereby this object can be secured has already been demonstrated and we believe will hereafter be shown in divers ways4 ,we have no more doubt that the next fifty years will witness the total abandonment of the tubular system1 than we have that the world will last that length of time4 99 99 99 99 99 ,,american ,,railway ,,management4 ,there seems a growing opinion among railway managers that the sole end and purpose of a railroad is to line the #f pockets of1 if not its stockholders1 at least its directors4 ,in fact we not long since saw a statement in a widely-circulated journal1 that1 as the sole purpose of railroads is that the companies who own them should make money1 it is absurd to suppose they would be content to manage them in any way whereby such a result would not be most likely to accrue4 ,the journal referred to1 in making this statement a basis for an argument in favor of railway consolidation1 entirely ignored the rights of the public from which railway corporations have obtained their charters4 ,in these charters certain privileges were granted1 not out of pure generosity1 but with the understanding that certain benefits were to accrue to the public4 ,its safety and convenience were to be considered as well as the profits to the owners4 ,every charter granted to these roads involves a contract on their part to do the public a certain service1 and in a large majority of cases these contracts are to-day unfulfilled4 ,day after day sees the power to control more and more centered in a few unscrupulous wily managers1 and the comfort and safety of passengers more and more disregarded2 yet still the people submit4 ,but they do not submit without complaint4 ,now and then a newspaper correspondent grumbles1 and the news of smashes that may be almost daily seen in the papers gives a text for an occasional editorial blast1 as little heeded by the delinquent companies1 as a zephyr is felt by an oak4 ,thus the ,new ,york ,times1 on the occasion of a recent railway disaster1 gives vent to a little mild denunciation4 ,it says3 ,the general rule in this country 7to which there are indeed exceptions7 in regard to the purchase of railway materials is simply this3 buy the cheapest4 ,first cost is the controlling and often the only question entertained4 ,the nature of the materials and processes to be used in the manufacture of rails1 for instance1 are not mentioned4 ,the buyers for some of our roads1 especially new roads1 never make the slightest allusion to quality1 and never specify tests and inspections1 but simply go about among the mills1 comparing and beating down prices1 and accepting the very lowest4 ,more than one of our rail makers are to-day rolling1 under protest1 rails upon which they decline to put their trade-mark--rails made from the very cheapest materials1 in the very meanest manner--for all that is required is that they shall stick together till they are laid4 ,and if ,american makers will not roll them1 ,welsh makers will4 ,the late report of the ,state ,engineer of ,new ,york says3 ',american railway managers1 instead of offering anything like a reasonable price for good iron rails1 have made themselves notorious by establishing as standard1 a brand of rails known all over the world as ,american rails1 which are confessedly bought and sold as the weakest1 most impure1 least worked1 least durable1 and cheapest rails that can be produced4' ,the ,state ,engineer refers1 in confirmation of this opinion1 to the statement of ,mr4 ,a4,s4 ,hewitt1 ,united ,states ,commissioner to the ,paris ,exposition1 a statement not yet controverted2 and to a statement of ,mr4 ,sandberg1 an ,english engineer of note1 in the ,london ,times4 ,a leading ,american railway president and reformer has publicly said3 ',there is a fear on my part that railway companies will themselves tempt steel makers to send a poor article by buying the cheapest--first cost only considered--as they did with the ironmasters4' ,this certainly is a blessed state of affairs4 ,we have given privileges to giant corporations1 which they have improved so profitably1 that they now can defeat1 in our ,legislatures1 any attempt to revoke them1 and can laugh at any demand for better management4 ,disguise it how we may1 the railroads have got the upper hand of the people1 and they seem likely to keep it1 unless1 indeed1 their rapacity shall react against themselves4 ,at the moment of this writing accounts reach us of the officers of a prominent railway line intrenching themselves against the officers of the law1 and employing force to resist the service of precepts calling them to account for alleged frauds upon the stockholders4 ,that the ,legislature of this ,state has the power to put a stop to these disgraceful proceedings1 is certain2 what it will do remains to be demonstrated4 99 99 99 99 99 ,,the ,,american ,,institute ,,prizes ,,awarded ,,to ,,steam ,,engines4 ,if there is anybody satisfied with the action of the managers of the ,american ,institute1 in the matter of awarding prizes to the competing engines exhibited at the recent fair1 we have yet to meet that complacent individual4 ,neither the exhibitors nor the general public could be expected to accept with equanimity such a report as the managers have made1 because it is inadequate to give any real idea of the relative merits of the engines tested4 ,the exhibitors1 at a large expense1 took their engines to the hall of exhibition1 placed them in position1 and with them drove the machinery exhibited there2 and now1 when in return they had a right to expect a decided1 manly course on the part of the managers1 the oyster is swallowed and the contestants are each politely handed a shell4 ,the conditions on which the general test was to be made contained1 among other specifications1 these3 that the water supplied to and evaporated in the boiler will be measured by means of a meter1 and the coal burned may also be weighed4 ,only one of the conditions quoted was properly complied with4 ,the coal was weighed1 but though a meter was used to measure the water1 tests made1 we are informed1 after the trial of the engines1 showed that the meter was so inaccurate as to completely invalidate any calculation based upon its record of the water supplied4 ,nevertheless this has1 we are credibly informed1 been made the basis of calculation2 and the amount of coal consumed during each trial has been rejected either as a basis of calculation or a check on the inaccuracy of the meter4 ,other prescribed regulations were observed with great care4 ,the engines were indicated in a masterly manner by a gentleman of great experience1 as the cards--tracings of which we have seen--bear ample testimony4 ,the temperature of the feedwater was #dg degrees2 it should1 in our opinion1 have been heated1 but we waive this point4 ,the state of the barometer and temperatures of engine room and fire-room were observed2 but we respectfully submit1 that with coal consumption left out of the calculation1 and the water consumption an unascertained quantity1 the question of relative economy1 the vital point to be settled1 is as uncertain today as it was before the test4 ,in the ,tribune of ,december #bj1 appeared a statement of the test to ascertain the accuracy of the meter used1 which showed that in an aggregate of twelve tests it varied nearly three per cent in its record from the actual quantity delivered1 while at times it was so erratic that it varied in one instance over ten per cent4 ,truly1 considered in connection with this fundamental error1 temperatures of engine and boiler rooms1 and states of barometer1 will not count for much with engineers4 ,an oversight like this would1 however1 never have been laid at the door of the managers1 however it might invalidate the test2 but when the utterly absurd decision announced in the papers1 after a tedious delay had led the public to expect an exhaustive statement1 gave rise to general disappointment and excited the utmost dissatisfaction1 it became manifest that a manly1 straightforward course on their part was not to be hoped for1 and that any protest against the consummation of the farce would be vain4 ,it is not for us to decide on the merits of the engines submitted to test4 ,it was for the judges to do this4 ,we maintain that nothing that the public will accept as a decision has been reached1 and on behalf of the public we protest that the managers have not only placed themselves in a very unenviable position by their action in the premises1 but have done a lasting injury to the ,american ,institute1 the results of which will be disastrously felt in future exhibitions4 ,the studied ambiguity of the report which awards two first prizes to the competing engines1 is no less apparent than the desire to shun responsibility4 99 99 99 99 99 ,a ,,protest ,,against ,,the ,,canadian ,,patent ,,law4 ,in ,july1 #ahfi1 the ,new ,dominion ,patent ,law went into operation1 but it has not yet been approved by the ,queen1 and if rejected the ,canadian ,parliament will perhaps try its hand again4 ,although ,canadians may freely go to all parts of the world and take out patents for their inventions1 they have always manifested a mean spirit and adopted a narrow policy1 in reference to inventors of other nations4 ,their present patent laws are so framed as practically to debar all persons except ,canadians from taking patents2 and the result is that ,american and ,english inventions are pirated and patented in the ,dominion1 without so much as a thank you1 sir1 to the bona fide originators4 ,a protest has been presented to her ,majesty's ,secretary of ,state for the ,colonies1 asking that the new law may be rejected1 on the ground that it deprives the subjects of the ,crown of their equal rights throughout the empire4 ,there is force in this objection1 and ,lord ,granville has promised that it shall be duly considered before the ,queen is advised to sign the law4 ,the probable result will be a revision of the ,dominion patent code so as to let in ,englishmen but exclude the ,yankees1 from whom the ,canadians derive whatever of improvement1 progress1 and energy they possess4 99 99 99 99 99 ,,the ,,brighter ,,side4 ,ingratitude seldom enters into the composition of a true inventor1 and nothing in our business career has afforded us more pleasure than the frequent letters addressed to us by those who have1 during more than twenty years1 employed the ,scientific ,american ,patent ,agency4 ,we cannot find room for all the pleasant missives that come to us from our extensive list of clients1 but we may give a few as samples of the many4 ,mr4 ,daniel ,j4 ,gale1 of ,sheboygan1 ,wis41 has recently secured through our ,agency ,letters ,patent for a ,perpetual and ,lunar ,calendar ,clock4 ,in the fullness of his satisfaction he thus writes3 ,the fact is1 ,i shall never be able to thank you sufficiently for what you have done for me4 ,i sent you a copy of the paper printed here1 which favorably notices my improvement and your great ,agency4 ,the fees charged me for my patent have been low enough4 ,already1 by one of my own townsmen1 ,i have been offered #d1jjj for my interest in the patent4 ,but ,i must not take up too much of your ,i time4 ,please allow me to add that ,i regularly receive your valuable paper1 the ,,scientific ,,american1 and that you may number me as one of its stanch friends4 ,mr4 ,edwin ,norton1 of ,brooklyn1 ,n4,y41 in a recent note1 says3 ,allow me to express my thanks for the promptness and efficiency with which the business of obtaining a patent for my ',cinder and ,dust ,arrester' has been conducted through your ,agency--and not only in this case but in several previous ones4 ,this is the fourth patent obtained by me through four ,agency within nine months4 ,it gives me pleasure to add my testimony to that of many others1 with respect to the very satisfactory manner in which your ,patent ,agency is conducted4 ,mr4 ,e4 ,j4 ,marstens says1 in reference to his improved ,field ,press--,i find everything correct4 ,you certainly accomplished more than ,i expected after the first examination by the ,primary ,examiner4 ,i hope soon to be able to give you another case4 ,mr4 ,s4 ,p4 ,williams1 an old client1 writes as follows3 ,i received the patent on my ',trace ,lock for ,whiffletrees1' and ,i am truly pleased with the prompt manner in which you have done the business4 ,it is only a few weeks since ,i made the application1 and ,i expected that it would be as many months before the patent could be granted4 99 99 99 99 99 ,,professor ,,fiske',s ,,lectures ,,at ,,harvard4 ,it certainly argues well for the intellectual character of the readers of the ,new ,york ,world that during the prevalent taste for sensational journalism1 it has found the publication of a series of philosophical lectures acceptable4 ,we thank our neighbor for thus making these lectures available to the general public4 ,their ability is unquestionable2 and the calmness and candor which ,professor ,fiske brings to the treatment of the subject is such as to add greatly to the force of his logic4 ,the positive philosophy has been shown by ,professor ,fiske to be much misunderstood1 misapprehension not being confined solely to the ranks of its opponents4 ,his exposition of some of the misconceptions on which ,professor ,huxley has based some criticisms upon the writings of ,comte1 strikes us as especially forcible2 and the whole course of lectures proves ,professor ,fiske to be one of the clearest and most able of ,american thinkers4 ,these lectures are followed as they appear1 with great interest1 and their publication in the ,world we regard as a real and permanent benefit to the public4 99 99 99 99 99 ,,scientific ,,lectures ,,before ,,the ,,american ,,institute4 ,the announcement of these lectures came to hand too late for our last issue1 and the first has already been delivered4 ,the course is as follows3 ,friday1 ,dec4 #ag1 ,the ,battle ,fields of ,science1 by ,andrew ,d4 ,white1 ,president of the ,cornell ,university1 ,ithaca1 ,n4,y4 ,friday1 ,dec4 #bd1 ,how ,animals ,move1 by ,professor ,e4 ,s4 ,morse1 of the ,peabody ,academy of ,science1 ,salem1 ,mass4 ,friday1 ,dec4 #ca1 ,the ,correlation of ,vital and ,physical ,forces1 by ,professor ,g4 ,f4 ,barker1 of ,yale ,college1 ,new ,haven4 ,friday1 ,jan4 #g1 ,the ,air and ,respiration1 by ,professor ,j4 ,c4 ,draper1 of the ,college of the ,city of ,new ,york4 ,friday1 ,jan4 #ad1 ,the ,connection of ,natural ,science and ,mental ,philosophy1 by ,professor ,j4 ,bascom1 of ,williams ,college1 ,williamstown1 ,mass4 ,friday1 ,jan4 #ba1 ,the ,constitution of the ,sun1 by ,dr4 ,b4 ,a4 ,gould1 of ,cambridge1 ,mass4 ,friday1 ,jan4 #bh1 ,the ,colorado ,plateau1 its ,canons and ,ruined ,cities1 by ,professor ,j4 ,s4 ,newberry1 of ,columbia ,college1 ,new ,york4 ,the course is a good one1 and ought to be1 and doubtless will be1 well attended4 ,abstracts of the lectures will appear as delivered1 in the ,,scientific ,,american4 99 99 99 99 99 ,,the ,,battle ,,fields ,,of ,,science4 ,,lecture ,,by ,,professor ,,white1 ,,before ,,the ,,american ,,institute4 ,this lecture did not disappoint the expectations of those familiar with the subject of the discourse1 which1 considering the difficulty of restating familiar historical facts in such a manner as to clothe them in a garb of originality1 is high praise4 ,many1 however1 found great difficulty in hearing the speaker at the back part of the hall1 and some left the room on that account4 ,this was unfortunate1 as the lecture will scarcely be exceeded in interest by any subsequent one of the course4 ,the speaker said that ,in all modern history1 interference with science in the supposed interest of religion--no matter how conscientious such interference may have been--has resulted in the direst evils both to religion and science1 and invariably4 ,and on the other hand all untrammeled scientific investigation1 no matter how dangerous to religion some of its stages may have seemed1 temporarily1 to be1 has invariably resulted in the highest good of religion and science4 ,i say invariably--,i mean exactly that4 ,it is a rule to which history shows not one exception4 ,it would seem1 logically1 that this statement could not be gainsaid4 ,god's truth must agree1 whether discovered by looking within upon the soul or without upon the world4 ,a truth written upon the human heart to-day in its full play of emotions or passions1 cannot be at any real variance even with a truth written upon a fossil whose poor life was gone millions of years ago4 ,and this being so1 it would also seem a truth irrefragable2 that the search for each of these kind of truths must be followed out in its own lines1 by its own methods1 to its own results1 without any interference from investigators along other lines by other methods4 ,and it would also seem logically that we might work on in absolute confidence that whatever1 at any moment1 might seem to be the relative positions of the two different bands of workers1 they must at last come together1 for truth is one4 ,but logic is not history4 ,history is full of interferences which have cost the earth dear4 ,strangest of all1 some of the most direful of them have been made by the best of men1 actuated by the purest motives1 seeking the noblest results4 ,these interferences and the struggle against them make up the warfare of science4 ,one statement more to clear the ground4 ,you will not understand me at all to say that religion has done nothing for science4 ,it has done much for it4 ,the work of ,christianity has been mighty indeed4 ,through these #b1jjj years it has undermined servitude1 mitigated tyranny1 given hope to the hopeless1 comfort to the afflicted1 light to the blind1 bread to the starving1 life to the dying1 and all this work continues4 ,and its work for science1 too1 has been great4 ,it has fostered science often and developed it4 ,it has given great minds to it1 and but for the fears of the timid its record in this respect would have been as great as in the other4 ,unfortunately1 religious men started centuries ago with the idea that purely scientific investigation is unsafe--that theology must intervene4 ,so began this great modern war4 ,professor ,white next reviewed the battle between science and theology on the subjects of the earth's shape1 surface1 and relations1 the position of the earth among the heavenly bodies1 in which ,copernicus and ,galileo struggled so bravely and successfully for truth4 ,the lecturer said3 ,the principal weapons in the combat are worth examining4 ,they are very easily examined2 you may pick them up on any of the battle-fields of science2 but on that field they were used with more effect than on almost any other4 ,these weapons were two epithets--the epithets ',infidel' and ',atheist4' ,these can hardly be classed with civilized weapons2 they are burning arrows2 they set fire to great masses of popular prejudices4 ,smoke rises to obscure the real questions4 ,fire bursts out at times to destroy the attacked party4 ,they are poisoned weapons4 ,they go to the heart of loving women2 they alienate dear children2 they injure the man after life is ended1 for they leave poisoned wounds in the hearts of those who loved him best--fears for his eternal happiness1 dread of the ,divine displeasure4 ,the battle-fields of science are thickly strewn with these4 ,they have been used against almost every man who has ever done anything for his fellow-men4 ,the list of those who have been denounced as ,infidel and ,atheist includes almost all great men of science--general scholars1 inventors1 philanthropists4 ,the deepest ,christian life1 the most noble ,christian character has not availed to shield combatants4 ,christians like ,isaac ,newton and ,pascal1 and ,john ,locke and ,john ,howard1 have had these weapons hurled against them4 ,nay1 in these very times we have seen a noted champion hurl these weapons against ,john ,milton1 and with it another missile which often appears on these battle-fields--the epithets of 'blasphemer' and 'hater of the ,lord4' ,of course1 in these days these weapons though often effective in disturbing the ease of good men and though often powerful in scaring women1 are somewhat blunted4 ,indeed1 they do not infrequently injure assailants more than assailed4 ,so it was not in the days of ,galileo4 ,these weapons were then in all their sharpness and venom4 ,the first champion who appears against him is ,bellarmine1 one of the greatest of theologians and one of the poorest of scientists4 ,he was earnest1 sincere1 learned1 but made the fearful mistake for the world of applying direct literal interpretation of ,scripture to science4 ,the consequences were sad1 indeed4 ,could he with his vast powers have taken a different course1 humanity would have been spared the long and fearful war which ensued1 and religion would have saved to herself thousands on thousands of the best and brightest men in after ages4 ,the weapons1 which men of ,bellarmine's stamp used1 were theological4 ,they held up before the world the dreadful consequences which must result to ,christian theology were the doctrine to prevail that the heavenly bodies revolve about the sun1 and not about the earth4 ,the next great series of battles were fought on those great fields occupied by such sciences as ,chemistry and ,natural ,philosophy4 ,even before these sciences were out of their childhood--while yet they were tottering mainly towards1 childish objects and by childish steps--the champions of that same old mistaken conception of rigid ,scriptural interpretation began the war4 ,the catalogue of chemists and physicists persecuted or thwarted would fill volumes4 ,after alluding to many other battle-fields of science which might not for want of time be dwelt upon at length the lecturer reviewed the battle grounds of medicine and anatomy on which some of the severest warfare has been waged4 ,the speaker here remarked that perhaps the most unfortunate thing that has ever been done for ,christianity is the tying it to forms of science and systems of education1 which are doomed and gradually sinking4 ,just as in the time of ,roger ,bacon excellent but mistaken men devoted all their energies to binding ,christianity to ,aristotle4 ,just as in the time of ,reuchlin and ,erasmus they insisted on binding ,christianity to ,thomas ,aquinas1 so in the time of ,vesalius such men gave all efforts to linking ,christianity to ,galen4 ,the cry has been the same in all ages4 ,it is the same which we hear in this age against scientific studies--the cry for what is called 'sound learning4' ,whether standing for ,aristotle against ,bacon1 or ,aquinas against ,erasmus1 or ,galen against ,vesalius1 or making mechanical ,greek verses at ,eton1 instead of studying the handiwork of the ,almighty1 or reading ,euripides with translations instead of ,leasing and ,goethe in the original1 the cry always is for 'sound learning4' ,the idea always is that these studies are safe4 ,the speaker next proceeded to show that not alone in ,catholic countries1 has such warfare been waged1 and that even now in ,protestant ,america the fight is going on4 ,one of the fields on which the severest warfare had raged in ,protestant countries was that of ,geology4 ,from the first lispings of investigators in this science there was war4 ,the early sound doctrine was that fossil remains were lusus naturae--freaks of nature--and in #aeag ,fracastor was violently attacked because he thought them something more4 ,no less a man than ,bernard ,palissy followed up the contest1 on the right side1 in ,france1 but it required #aej years to carry the day fairly against this single preposterous theory4 ,the champion who dealt it the deadly blow was ,scilla1 and his weapons were facts obtained by examination of the fossils of ,calabria1 7#afgj74 ,but the advocates of tampering with scientific reasoning soon retired to a now position4 ,it was strong1 for it was apparently based upon ,scripture--though1 as the whole world now knows1 an utterly exploded interpretation of ,scripture4 ,the new position was that the fossils were produced by the deluge of ,noah4 ,in vain had it been shown by such devoted ,christians as ,bernard ,palissy that this theory was utterly untenable2 in vain did good men protest against the injury sure to result to religion by tying it to a scientific theory sure to be exploded--the doctrine that the fossils were remains of animals drowned at the flood continued to be upheld by the great majority as 'sound' doctrine4 ,it took #abj year for the searchers of ,god's truth1 as revealed in nature--such men as ,buffon1 ,linnaeus1 ,woodward1 and ,whitehurst--to run under these mighty fabrics of error1 and by statements which could not be resisted1 to explode them4 ,strange as it may at first seem1 the war on geology was waged more fiercely in ,protestant countries than ,catholic1 and of all countries ,england furnished the most bitter opponents4 ,you have noted already that there are generally two sorts of attacks on a new science4 ,first1 there is the attack by pitting against science some great doctrine in theology4 ,you saw this in astronomy1 when ,bellarmine and others insisted that the doctrine of the earth's revolving about the sun is contrary to the doctrine of the ,incarnation4 ,so now against geology it was urged that the scientific doctrine that the fossils represented animals which died before ,adam was contrary to the doctrine of ,adam's fall1 and that death entered the world by sin4 ,then there is the attack by the literal interpretation of texts1 which serves a better purpose generally in arousing prejudice4 ,it is difficult to realize it now1 but within the memory of the majority of those before me1 the battle was raging most fiercely in ,england1 and both these kinds of artillery were in full play and filling the civilized world with their roar4 ,less than thirty years ago1 the ,rev4 ,j4 ,mellor ,brown was hurling at all geologists alike1 and especially at such ,christian divines as ,dr4 ,burkland1 ,dean ,conybeare1 and ,pye ,smith1 and such religious scholars as ,professor ,sedgwick1 the epithets of ',infidel1' ',impugner of the ,sacred ,record1' and ',assailant of the ,volume of ,god4' ,his favorite weapon was the charge that these men were 'attacking the ,truth of ,god1' forgetting that they were simply opposing the mistaken interpretations of ,j4 ,mellor ,brown4 ,he declared geology 'not a subject of lawful inquiry2' he speaks of it as 'a dark art1' as 'dangerous and disreputable1' as a 'forbidden province4' ,this attempt to scare men from science having failed1 various other means were taken4 ,to say nothing about ,england1 it is humiliating to human nature to remember the trials to which the pettiest and narrowest of men subjected such ,christian scholars in our country as ,benjamin ,silliman and ,edward ,hitchcock4 ,but it is a duty and a pleasure to state here that one great ,christian scholar did honor to religion and to himself by standing up for the claims of science despite all these clamors4 ,that man was ,nicholas ,wiseman1 better known afterward as ,cardinal ,wiseman4 ,the conduct of this pillar of the ,roman ,catholic ,church contrasts nobly with that of timid ,protestants who were filling ,england with shrieks and denunciations4 ,perhaps the most singular attempt against geology was that made by a fine specimen of the ,english ,don1 ,dean ,cockburn of ,york1 to abuse its champions out of the field4 ,without apparently the simplest elementary knowledge of geology1 he opened a battery of abuse4 ,he gives it to the world at large by pulpit and press2 he even inflicts it upon leading statesmen by private letters4 ,but these weapons did not succeed4 ,they were like ,chinese gongs and dragon lanterns against rifled cannon4 ,buckland1 ,pye ,smith1 ,lyell1 ,silliman1 ,hitchcock1 ,murchison1 ,agassiz1 ,dana1 and a host of of noble champions besides1 pressed on the battle for truth was won4 ,and was it won merely for men of science8 ,the whole civilized world declares that it was won for religion2 that thereby has infinitely increased the knowledge of the power and goodness of ,god4 ,the lecturer classed the present opposition of the ,catholics to the ,free ,school system in this country among the long list of battles between science and theology and concluded his lecture as follows3 ,but1 my friends1 ,i will not weary you with so recent a chapter in the history of the great warfare extending through the centuries4 ,there are cheering omens4 ,the greatest and best men in the churches--the men standing at centers of thought--are insisting with power1 more and more1 that religion shall no longer be tied to so injurious a policy--that searchers for truth1 whether in ,theology or ,natural ,science1 shall work on as friends1 sure that1 no matter how much at variance they may at times seem to be1 the truths they reach shall finally be fused into each other4 ,no one need fear the result4 ,no matter whether science shall complete her demonstration that man has been on the earth six thousand years or six hundred thousand4 ,no matter whether she reveal new ideas of the ,creator or startling relations between his creatures--the result1 when fully thought out1 will serve and strengthen religion not less than science4 ,the very finger of the ,almighty has written on history that science must be studied by means proper to itself1 and in no other way4 ,that history is before us all4 ,no one can gainsay it4 ,it is decisive1 for it is this3 ,there has never been a scientific theory framed for the use of ,scriptural texts1 which has been made to stand4 ,this fact alone shows that our wonderful volume of sacred literature was not given for any such purpose as that to which so many earnest men have endeavored to wrest it4 ,the power of that volume has been mighty indeed4 ,it has inspired the best deeds our world has known4 ,despite the crusts which men have formed about it--despite the fetters which they have placed upon it--,christianity has blessed age after age of the past1 and will go on as a blessing through age after age of the future4 ,let the ,warfare of ,science1 then1 be changed4 ,let it be a warfare in which religion and science shall stand together as allies1 not against each other as enemies4 ,let the fight be for truth of every kind against falsehood of every kind--for justice against injustice--for right against wrong--for beauty against deformity--for goodness against vice--and the great warfare which has brought so many sufferings1 shall bring to the earth ,god's richest blessings4 99 99 99 99 99 ,,how ,,french ,,bank ,,notes ,,are ,,made4 ,when a new batch of ,french notes is to be printed1 an equivalent number of the choicely prepared and preserved sheets of paper is handed over to the superintendent of the printing office4 ,this office is among the inner buildings of the ,bank of ,france1 and is governed by very rigorous rules in all things4 ,the operatives are all picked men1 skillful1 active1 and silent4 ,the sheets1 the ink1 and the matrixes of the plates are kept securely under lock and key until actually wanted4 ,the printing is effected by steam-worked presses4 ,the ink is blue1 and its composition known only to a few of the authorities4 ,an inspector goes his rounds during the continuance of the operations1 watching every press1 every workman1 every process4 ,a beautiful machine1 distinct from the press1 is employed to print the variable numbers on the note2 fed with sheets of paper1 it will number a thousand of them in succession1 changing the digits each time1 and scarcely requiring to be touched meanwhile2 even the removal of one note and the placing of another are effected by automatic agency4 ,at every successive stage the note is examined4 ,so complete is the registration of everything that a record is always at hand of the number of sheets rejected ever since the ,bank of ,france was established1 be its defects in the paper1 the printing1 or the numbering4 ,when the master-printer has delivered up his packets of printed and numbered sheets1 each note is stamped with the signature of the ,secretary-,general and the ,comptroller4 ,this completes the creation of notes4 ,the notes so created are kept in a strong box1 of which the ,secretary-,general and the ,comptroller have keys1 and are retained until the day of issue4 ,the chief cashier tells the ,governor that he wants a new supply of a particular denomination of notes1 the ,governor tells the council1 the council tell the secretary-general and the comptroller1 and these two functionaries open their strong box1 and hand over the notes demanded4 ,the notes at this time are not really money2 they do not become so until the chief cashier has put his signature to each1 and registered its number in a book4 ,the life of a ,french bank note is said to average two or three years1 and does not terminate until the condition is very shaky indeed--crimpled1 pierced with pinholes1 corner creases torn1 soft1 tarnished1 decrepit while yet young4 ,some have been half-burned2 one has been found half-digested in the stomach of a goat1 and one boiled in a waistcoat-pocket by a laundress4 ,no matter2 the cashier at the bank will do his best to decipher it2 he will indeed take an infinity of trouble to put together the ashes of a burned note1 and will give the owner a new note or the value in coin1 if satisfied of the integrity of the old one4 ,the bank authorities preserve specimens of this kind as curiosities1 minute fragments gummed in their proper position on a sheet of paper4 ,very few of the notes are actually and irrevocably lost4 ,during the last sixty-seven years #bd1jjj bank notes of #a1jjj francs each have been issued1 and of this number #bc1ieh had been returned to the bank by the month of ,january #ahfi1 leaving only #db unaccounted for4 ,whether these #db are still in existence1 or have seen burned into uncollected ashes1 or are at the bottom of the sea1 or elsewhere1 is not known4 ,of #ejj-;franc notes1 #bd1ice have been returned out of #be1jjj4 ,the bank holds itself morally and financially responsible for the small number of notes unreturned1 ready to cash them if at any time presented4 ,the bank sends the old notes again and again into circulation1 if verified and usable2 but they are examined first1 and any that are found too defective are canceled by stamping a hole in them4 ,these canceled notes pass from one official to another1 and are grouped in classified bundles2 the book that records the birth of each note now receives a notification of its civil death1 and after three years incarceration in a great oak chest1 a grand conflagration takes place4 ,a huge fire is kindled in an open court2 the defunct notes are thrown into a sort of revolving wire-cage over the fire2 the cage is kept rotating2 and the minute fragments of ash1 whirled out of the cage through the meshes1 take their flight into infinite space--no one knows whither4 ,the ,bank of ,france prints a certain number of notes per day1 and destroys a smaller number1 so as to have always in reserve a sufficient supply of new notes to meet any emergency2 but the actual burning1 the grand flare-up takes place only about once a month1 when perhaps #aej1jjj will be burned at once4 ,the ,french go down to lower denominations than the ,rank of ,england1 having notes of #ajj francs and #ej francs1 equivalent to #d and #b4 ,there must be a great deal of printing always going on in the ,bank of ,france1 seeing that in #ahfh they issued #b1gaa #jjj notes1 of an aggregate value of #ijd1gej1jjj francs 7averaging about #ac each71 and burned #a1ibg1aib1 value #gfh1hed1ijj francs4 ,it sounds a very dreadful thing for #cj1jjj1jjj sterling in bank notes to be willfully burned in one year4 ,but there is always a phoenix to rise from its ashes2 the bank can regenerate as fast as it kills4 ,the ,bank of ,france1 in #ahdf1 put in circulation a beautiful crimson printed note for #e1jjj francs2 but the ,french people did not like notes of so high a denomination1 and all but a very few of this kind have been returned and canceled4 ,on one occasion1 a superb individual1 wishing to pay a dowry in handsome style1 obtained twelve notes of #e1jjj francs each for the purpose2 but they were returned the very next day by the banker1 who much preferred smaller notes for his general purposes4 ,the notes now regularly kept in circulation in ,france are those of #a1jjj1 #ejj1 #ajj1 and #ej francs4 99 99 99 99 99 ,,what ,,the ,,newspapers ,,say4 ,a ,,valuable ,,paper4--,of all the journals published in the ,united ,states1 for the mechanic and scientific man1 there is nothing that will in any way compare with the ,,scientific ,,american1 published by ,munn ,co41 of #cg ,park ,row1 ,new ,york4 ,whether as a work of reference1 a record of current scientific development1 or as an organ and exponent of our inventors1 it stands alone for the general ability of its conduct1 the voluminousness and variety of its contents1 the exactitude and extent of its knowledge1 and the correctness of its information4 ,the ,,scientific ,,american is a credit at once to the press and our country1 and the small price of a yearly subscription 7#c71 purchases1 it is quite safe to say1 the largest amount of solid value to be procured for a like expenditure in the world4 ,with our more intelligent mechanics it has long been a great favorite1 while to the inventor it is absolutely indispensable4 ,it has had many imitators and competitors in its day1 but they have nearly all died the natural death of a feeble inferiority4--,argus 7,brooklyn1 ,n4 ,y47 99 99 99 99 99 ,,the ,,great ,,journal ,,of ,,arts ,,and ,,science4--,there is a place in the periodical literature of ,america which is occupied by only one journal2 namely1 the well-known ,,scientific ,,american4 ,it is almost indispensable to a well-balanced intelligence1 that a certain proportion of its reading should be devoted to the industrial arts and sciences1 those natural manifestations of the high mental development of the age4 ,every number of the journal has sixteen imperial pages1 embellished with engravings1 as illustrations1 which are gems of art in themselves4 ,it is most ably edited1 and its usefulness is not impaired by technical terms nor dry details4--,milwaukee ,sentinel4 99 99 99 99 99 ,,the ,,scientific ,,american4--,this paper is the oldest in its peculiar province in the ,united ,states1 and was1 for many years1 the only one4 ,more recently others have arisen1 and are following in its footsteps2 but the ,,scientific ,,american still maintains its position as the best ,american journal of the inventive arts4 ,its ,patent ,office department alone is invaluable to inventors1 while its editorial articles1 illustrations1 etc41 give not only information1 but a constant stimulus to the productive faculty4--,mobile ,register4 99 99 99 99 99 ,among the papers which we could not very well do without is the ,,scientific ,,american1 issued from the well-known office of ,munn ,co41 #cg ,park ,row1 ,new ,york4 ,carefully edited1 nicely printed1 well illustrated1 it is not only a complete record of the progress of useful inventions1 but a trustworthy guide to many of the scientific topics that enlist attention at the present day4 ,no one can be a reader of this most valuable journal1 without being kept well informed as to current matters of scientific discovery4--,congregationalist 7,boston74 99 99 99 99 99 ,,the ,,scientific ,,american4--,in another column we publish the prospectus of this great paper1 and would direct our readers to it4 ,it should be on the work bench of every mechanic1 and particularly the young men of our country1 upon whose intelligence and mechanical skill depends the future dignity of labor and prosperity of ,american arts and sciences4--,monitor 7,huntington1 ,pa47 99 99 99 99 99 ,we could fill our pages with similar notices1 but will close with the following from our cotemporary ,de ,hope1 published at ,holland1 ,mich41 which we doubt not will be read with interest3 ,wij plaatsen in dit ,nummer het prospectus van den ,,scientific ,,american4 ,het is een zeer schoon blad1 dat vooral behoort gelezen te worden door ,handwerkslieden4 ,nieuwe uitvindingen1 verbeteringen op het terrein van werktuigkunde1 enz1 worden daar steeds in vermeld en beschreven4 ,de prijs is zeer matig voor zulk cen blad2 drie dollars per jaar4 ,dat belangstellenden de advertentie lezen4 99 99 99 99 99 ,,chinese ,,methods ,,of ,,preserving ,,eggs4 ,as much has been said of late about the mode of preserving eggs1 it may not be uninteresting to say a few words about the ,chinese methods1 as related by a ,french chemist1 ,m4 ,paul ,champion1 who has lately visited that country1 and published a very interesting book on the ancient and modern industries of that curious people4 ,a very common method is to place the eggs in a mixture of clay and water2 the clay hardens around the eggs1 and is said to preserve them good for a considerable time4 ,but another and much more elaborate method is also commonly practiced4 ,an infusion of three pounds of tea is made in boiling water1 and to this are added three pounds of quicklime 7or seven pounds when the operation is performed in winter71 nine pounds of sea-salt1 and seven pounds of ashes of burnt oak finely powdered4 ,this is all well mixed together into a smooth paste by means of a wooden spatula1 and then each egg is covered with it by hand1 gloves being worn to prevent the corrosive action of the lime on the hands4 ,when the eggs are all covered with the mixture1 they are rolled in a mass of straw ashes1 and then placed in baskets with balls of rice--boiled1 we presume--to keep the eggs from touching each other4 ,about #ajj to #aej eggs are placed in one basket4 ,in about three months the whole becomes hardened into a crust1 and then the eggs are sent to market2 the retail price of such eggs is generally less than a penny each4 ,these eggs are highly esteemed in ,china1 and always served in good houses2 but they have undergone a strange transformation1 which certainly would not recommend them to ,english palates2 the yolk has assumed a decidedly green tinge1 and the white is set4 ,when broken1 they emit that unpleasant sulphurous smell which would certainly cause their instant banishment from our breakfast-tables4 ,however1 the ,chinese are admitted1 even by ,frenchmen1 to be great gourmets2 and we can only say1 therefore1 that in questions of eating there is certainly no disputing about tastes4 99 99 99 99 99 ,,steam ,,boiler ,,inspection4 ,mr4 ,alfred ,guthrie1 ,u4,s4 ,inspector1 informs us that the following resolution was recently adopted by the ,board of ,supervising ,inspectors3 ,resolved1 ,that a special committee be appointed1 to whom shall be referred the subject-matter of steam boiler explosions1 who shall be requested to take up the subject in all its varied complications1 and present the result of their inquiries1 with their opinions of the real causes of such explosions1 accompanied by such information as may be of practical benefit and general interest1 to be reported at the next annual meeting of the board for its consideration4 ,mr4 ,guthrie1 whose address will be at ,washington1 ,d4,c4 until ,january #aj1 desires to receive suggestions from practical engineers upon the subject of boiler explosions4 99 99 99 99 99 ,,editorial ,,summary4 ,darkness of complexion has been attributed to the sun's power from the age of ,solomon to this day4 ,look not upon me because ,i am black1 because the sun hath looked upon me4 ,and there cannot be a doubt that1 to a certain degree1 the opinion is well founded--the invisible rays in the solar beams1 which change vegetable color1 and have been employed with such remarkable effect on the daguerreotype1 act upon every substance on which they fall1 producing mysterious and wonderful changes in their molecular state1 man not excepted4 99 99 99 99 99 ,the three companies under whose protection ,chinese are brought into ,california1 keep an accurate account of the condition and employment of the persons they import4 ,from these books it appears that #ach1jjj ,chinese have been brought into ,california4 ,of these1 #aj1dbf have died1 #eg1cbc have returned to ,china1 and about #ia1jjj still remain on the ,pacific coast4 ,but only #da1jjj live in ,california4 ,of these #da1jjj1 #i1cjj are women1 children1 old and decrepit1 or criminals confined in the jails4 ,the ,california authorities have at length decided to admit ,chinese testimony in the courts4 99 99 99 99 99 ,one of our subscribers residing in ,maine has read our article ,how to ,spend the ,winter ,evenings1 and writes to us that up in his section they have no trouble on that score4 ,as soon as the day's work is over the inhabitants commence the job of trying to get their rooms warm1 and as soon as a comfortable temperature is reached it is time to go to bed4 99 99 99 99 99 ,,design ,,patent ,,decision4--,we publish elsewhere a recent elaborate decision of ,commissioner ,fisher1 in which he reviews the laws and former practice of the office in regard to applications for patents for designs1 with the view to the establishment of a uniformity of practice in regard to design patents4 ,the decision is one of much interest to inventors and agents1 and fully warrants its publication4 99 99 99 99 99 ,,oil ,,paper ,,hangings4--,a kind of oil paper hangings called ,oleo ,charta is now made in ,england1 which1 it is asserted1 is impervious to wet1 may be placed on new or damp walls without risk of damage or discoloration1 may be washed with soap and water as often as required1 and will last twenty years4 ,the process of manufacture is not explained4 99 99 99 99 99 ,,the ,,stevens ,,breech-,,loading ,,rifle4 ,this new arm1 a patent on which1 was obtained through the ,scientific ,american ,patent ,agency1 ,june #aa1 #ahfg1 is destined1 in our opinion1 to become a formidable rival to the breech-loading rifles which have already attained popularity4 ,it is one of the most simple and effective guns we have yet seen4 ,only three motions are required to load1 discharge the piece1 and throw out the shell of the cartridge4 ,the breech-block is side-hinged1 and it is opened and the shell is thrown out by simply bringing the gun to half cock4 ,the gun may1 however1 be cocked without opening the breech by pressing the trigger while cocking4 ,the gun1 when held in position1 may be fired at the rate of forty shots per minute4 ,all the movements of the parts are directly backward and forward2 in our opinion the best that can be employed for this purpose1 and the least liable to get out of order4 ,in short1 the gun possesses all the essentials of a first class rifle1 and has advantages which we think are not ordinarily met with in arms of this character4 99 99 99 99 99 ,a ,,novel ,,french ,,hand ,,vise4 ,in using ordinary hand vises several inconveniences are met with4 ,for instance1 if it is desired to work a piece of metal of a certain length1 it must necessarily be presented obliquely on the side of the jaw of the vise1 because of its screw1 which is horizontal and forms a knob in the axis of the vise4 ,the consequences are1 first1 that on tightening the nut of the horizontal screw vise the pressure is only exerted on the side1 and greatly tries the vise itself while obtaining an irregular pressure2 secondly1 that as the piece to be worked is held obliquely1 however skilled the workman may be1 he always finds himself cramped in the execution of his work1 particularly if of a delicate nature4 ,to avoid these inconveniences a ,parisian mechanic has designed and lately patented in ,england the neat form of hand vise of which we annex illustrations1 ,fig4 #a being an elevation and ,fig4 #b a longitudinal section4 ,in these views1 ,a1 is a wooden or metal handle pierced throughout its length2 this handle of metal may be made in one piece1 with the nut1 and the conical ferrule4 ,b is the ring or ferrule of the handle2 and ,c are the jaws of the vise worked by the adjusting screw1 ,d1 and the springs1 r r4 ,e is a conical ferrule or shoulder1 fixed or movable1 and serving to open or close the jaws of the vise accordingly as the handle is turned right or left2 this conical shoulder is protected from wear by a tempered steel washer1 v4 ,g is a nut with collar carrying the conical ferrule or shoulder1 ,e1 and the steel washer1 v1 while ,h ,h are the joints of the jaws of the vise held by a screw1 ,i1 which serves as a support to the adjusting screw4 ,illustration3 ,,fig4 #a4 ,,fig4 #b4 ,this hand vise may be applied to a number of uses1 and among others it may be readily converted into a haft or handle for any kind of tailed or shanked tool1 such as files1 wrenches1 olive bits1 chisels1 or screwdrivers1 and may also serve as pincers or nippers4 ,it is of very simple construction4 99 99 99 99 99 ,,the ,,mound-,,builders ,,in ,,colorado4 ,new evidence of the existence of the ,mound-,builders in the mountain ranges of ,colorado1 similar to those in ,montana1 ,utah1 and ,nevada1 have recently been discovered by ,mr4 ,c4,a4 ,deane1 of ,denver4 ,he found upon the extreme summit of the snow-range structures of stone1 evidently of ancient origin1 and hitherto unknown or unmolested4 ,opposite to and almost north of the ,south ,boulder ,creek1 and the summit of the range1 ,dr4 ,deane observed large numbers of granite rocks1 and many of them as large as two men could lift1 in a position that could not have been the result of chance4 ,they had evidently been placed upright in a line conforming to a general contour of the dividing ridge1 and frequently extending in an unbroken line for one or two hundred yards4 ,the walls and the mounds are situated three thousand feet above the timber line4 ,it is1 therefore1 hardly supposable that they were built for altars of sacrifice4 ,they were not large enough for shelter or defense4 ,the more probable supposition is that1 like the large mounds in ,montana and elsewhere1 they were places of sepulture4 99 99 99 99 99 ,,the ,,woven-,,wire ,,mattress4 ,most of our readers who attended the last ,fair of the ,american ,institute1 will recall an article in the furniture department1 which attracted much attention on account of its novelty and utility4 ,we refer to the wire mattress1 or bed1 manufactured by the ,woven ,wire ,mattress ,company1 of ,hartford1 ,conn4 ,to the ordinary mind a new invention is interesting or not1 in proportion to the probability of its coming into every-day use1 and many a good housewife lingers in admiration over an improved sewing machine or cooking stove1 to whom a new steam engine has no attraction4 ,for this reason it was that the wire mattress was sat on and lain on by the numerous visitors at the ,fair4 ,illustration ,the engraving presented herewith will give the reader1 who has not seen the article1 a good idea of its appearance4 ,it consists of a fabric represented below1 half an inch thick1 composed of fine wire springs1 each one the length of the bed2 all the three hundred spirals1 being so woven and braided together1 in a double weave1 by machinery1 that a sort of wire cloth is produced4 ,it differs from any other material hitherto made1 in that it has great strength and elasticity4 ,there is1 in fact1 no other device1 except the air or water bed1 which can compare with it in its elastic properties4 ,illustration ,we are informed that nine hundred pounds of dead weight of wire were placed on it for nearly five days1 without injurious effects4 ,this fabric is stretched on a frame1 as seen in the first engraving1 the proper tension is secured to suit the fancy1 and the mattress is ready for use4 ,it is then set into the bedstead1 like the ordinary spring bed1 except that only two slats are used to support it4 ,thus1 with a slight covering in summer1 and a thin hair mattress for warmth in winter1 a most perfect sleeping arrangement is secured4 ,the first adaptation of the wire mattresses was for private houses1 but they have been found to have special advantages for hospital use4 ,they have been largely introduced into the ,hartford ,hospital1 the ,bellevue ,hospital1 ,new ,york1 and the ,marine ,hospital1 ,brooklyn1 and have proved to be1 after months of the severest use1 with all classes of patients1 a very great success for such purposes4 ,the elastic flexible mattresses yield to every motion and part of the body1 much to the relief of the suffering patient4 ,another very great advantage is1 that when carefully painted they are always clean4 ,pillows of the same materials are made soft and pliable by using a fine wire and small coil4 ,they are always cool1 and afford the opportunity of placing bags of ice under the head in case of sickness4 ,one of these mattresses and a bedstead and pillows complete--all of which the ,company make--furnish1 with the addition of a folded blanket or comfortable1 a perfect outfit for hospital use4 ,they are particularly useful for ships' berths1 as they dispense with the ordinary bottom1 and the sacking and thick mattress4 ,shippers know this4 ,we are assured that a coating of paint1 carefully applied to the well-tinned wires will protect them from rust4 ,there can be no question but that these beds1 with a light covering--scarcely more than a sheet--are especially adapted for hot climates4 ,the ,company have already orders for them for the ,brazilian market1 and they have been introduced into many of the ,southern ,states4 ,this wire fabric is adapted to other articles of furniture1 and is used in place of the ordinary springs in chairs1 sofas1 etc4 ,for out-door settees1 lounges1 car seats1 and other like purposes1 it is well adapted4 ,three patents have been issued to the ,company on the wire mattress1 through the ,scientific ,american ,patent ,agency4 ,see advertisement of the ,woven ,wire ,mattress ,company on another page4 99 99 99 99 99 ,flouring ,mill ,hazards4 ,a correspondent1 in discussing the causes of fires in flour mills1 gives the following facts and queries3 ,f4 ,bertchey's mill1 at ,milwaukee1 burned in ,september last4 ,the fire originated from a candle held near a bran or feed spout1 reaching from the upper to a lower floor4 ,the ignition was instant1 and attained different points of the building at about the same moment4 ,on ,november #bj1 #ahfh1 ,schmidt ,co's mill1 at ,st4 ,louis1 burned in a similar manner1 the light in this case being in a globe lamp1 but the conflagration was1 nevertheless1 quite as sudden and general as in the first case cited4 ,other instances of like character have occurred quite recently4 ,and now the query is1 ,what caused the disaster8 ,whence the combustion8 ,it has been conjectured that the bran-dust1 or fine and dry powder1 passing down or up these conductors1 may be the kindling cause of the fire in these cases2 but bran is not over combustible in itself1 nor do we know why it should become so when thus reduced to an impalpable powder4 ,another theory is that a gas arises from the transmuting grain1 which1 excluded from surrounding atmosphere in these close conduits1 becomes inflammable1 and hence the results1 as recited above1 whenever a lighted flame is brought in contact therewith4 ,be the cause gas or dust1 the disaster is the same3 and is it not a phenomenon worth studying and remedying1 so far as within the province and control of those most interested8 ,some similar instances came under our personal observation while adjuster for the ,aetna at its western branch4 ,the ,star ,mills at ,mascoutah1 ,ill41 burned about the year #ahfd4 ,they were grinding middlings4 ,about three o'clock in the morning the miller in charge went up to the chamber 7a large box extending through several stories71 as he had often done before1 to jar the middlings down1 they having clogged4 ,he carried a small1 open oil lamp1 which he placed on a beam1 just behind and above his head4 ,he then opened a slide and thrust in a shovel1 which started the middlings down with a thump1 raising a great dust4 ,as this dust issued in a thin cloud from the slide1 it approached and touched the lamp1 when instantly1 as if it had been coal gas1 it flashed1 burning the miller's hair and beard1 and filling the middlings box with a sheet of flame1 which spread with great rapidity and destroyed the mill4 ,a mill at ,dover1 ,ky41 had accumulated a large quantity of middlings in an upper story1 when the weight caused some sagging1 and a man was sent up with a shovel to even the bin4 ,his pressure was the last straw1 and the floor under the man broke through1 pouring out a cascade of middlings1 which flowed down from story to story1 filling the mill with its dust4 ,in a very few minutes it reached the boiler room1 and the instant it touched the fire it ignited with a flash1 and the mills was in flames instantly4 ,it was totally destroyed4 ,in this last named case the gas theory will not apply4 ,the dust was not confined in a spout1 but was floating free in the air throughout the mill4 ,the phenomenon was like the others mentioned1 and seems to indicate that the fine dust itself1 when floating in the air1 is the fatal incendiary4 ,the subject is worthy of a scientific analysis1 such as we have never seen bestowed upon it4 ,the facts are well authenticated1 but the philosophy of such ignition is not generally understood4--,insurance ,monitor4 99 99 99 99 99 ,fire-,proof ,buildings4 ,it has long been a vexed problem with architects and builders1 how to make a building completely fire-proof without the enormous expense of iron beams and girders1 and even this has sometimes failed to prove a complete protection4 ,in the building of the ,national ,state ,bank1 the architect estimated that it could not be made fire-proof in the ordinary style for less than #f1jjj1 and while hesitating as to the expense and seeking to provide some remedy against the dampness incident to iron beams1 ,mr4 ,fowler learned from the ,,scientific ,,american that ,edwin ,may1 of ,indianapolis1 the well-known architect of our county jail1 had taken letters patent on a fire-proof lath for ceilings and inside partition walls1 together with a concrete floor for the protection of the upper edge of the joist which by actual test had been demonstrated to be fire-proof4 ,after a critical examination of the invention upon its merits1 it was adopted1 and the workmen are now engaged in putting it in4 ,our citizens engaged in1 or contemplating building1 will be interested in an examination of the work while in progress4 ,we copy the above from the ,lafayette 7,indiana7 ,courier1 and in this connection we make the following extract from a letter just received by us from ,mr4 ,may1 the inventor3 ,you will see by the above notice one result of my advertisement in the ,,scientific ,,american4 ,this is only a mite4 ,i have more than ,i can do1 and ,i would say to inventors who are not realizing what they expected from their patents1 that one illustrated advertisement in the ,,scientific ,,american will effect more than a notice in all the newspapers in the ,united ,states4 ,this is saying a good deal but such is my belief4 99 99 99 99 99 ,the ,decline of ,american ,shipping4 ,at a meeting of the ,new ,york ,chamber of ,commerce1 held ,december #af1 to consider means for reviving ,american commerce1 the following resolutions were adopted3 ,resolved1 ,that this ,chamber recommend to the ,congress of the ,united ,states1 about to assemble1 the modification of existing laws1 so that ,i4 ,foreign-built steamers may be imported free of duty1 and privileged to carry the ,american flag1 provided they are ,american owned and not to be employed in our coastwise trade4 ,,ii4 ,that iron plates and such other material for the construction of steamers as may be deemed advisable1 be admitted free of duty4 ,,iii4 ,that on all ship stores procurable in bond1 drawback be returned1 as upon goods shipped for sale to foreign lands2 and ,finally1 ,that ample subsidies be granted to lines of steamers built in ,american yards1 to the end that competition with powerful foreign organizations may be successfully inaugurated and sustained4 ,the ,chamber ordered the resolutions engrossed1 accompanied by a memorial forwarded to ,congress4 ,these resolutions1 in our opinion1 embody the solution of the question under consideration1 and we trust they may be speedily and favorably acted upon by ,congress4 99 99 99 99 99 ,young men out of employment can easily obtain enough subscribers for the ,,scientific ,,american to receive a cash prize of sufficient magnitude to insure them a good salary for six weeks' work4 ,send for prospectus and circulars4 99 99 99 99 99 ,,correspondence4 ,the ,editors are not responsible for the ,opinions expressed by their ,correspondents4 99 99 99 99 99 ,aerial ,navigation--,a ,suggestion4 ,messrs4 ,editors3--,as a constant reader of your invaluable paper1 many subjects of deep interest come under my observation1 and doubtless no journal throughout the land contains more instructive reading--that which tends to accelerate the progress of scientific investigation1 and promote the general interest of the people--than the ,,scientific ,,american4 ,the series of articles under the head of ,aerial ,navigation1 commenced on page #cji1 volume ,,xxi41 has1 perhaps1 been read with as much pleasure and interest as anything published in your valuable journal4 ,i say with pleasure--because it is really gratifying to mark the advancing steps which inventors are making in this branch of science2 and with interest--because every new idea set forth1 calculated to further the success of aerial navigation1 should be1 and no doubt will be1 regarded as of great importance by every one4 ,and1 as the more suggestions placed before the minds of those working for the improvement of any invention1 the greater number will they have from which to choose or experiment upon1 ,i would like to make one suggestion here1 which may be of some importance in the construction and operation of the ,aeroport1 under the supervision of ,mr4 ,porter1 of your city1 a description of which is given on pages #cdf-g1 volume ,,xxi41 of your paper4 ,i suggest that the propelling wheels be placed in some other position than that given in the said description4 ,from what little knowledge ,i possess of aerial navigation1 ,i am persuaded that it would take less power to propel the ,aeroport at a given speed1 if the wheels were placed at the rear or front portion of the flying ship4 ,my reason for being thus persuaded is1 that as the forward and aft halves of the float are cone-shaped--the center being the base1 and the front and rear ends being the vertexes--there must be an increased velocity of the atmosphere from front to aft as the aeroport advances4 ,consequently the driving wheels being placed under the center or largest diameter of the float1 they must evidently revolve with greater rapidity in the current of air passing between the float and the saloon1 going in opposite direction to that in which the aeroport is flying at a given speed1 than they would were they placed in front or behind where the atmosphere is comparatively at rest4 ,i take this view from the fact that steamboats and other vessels proceed with greater speed1 with a given power1 down stream than they do up stream1 mostly on account of the paddles striking against the current flowing in the same direction in which the vessel is rowing4 ,the propelling wheels placed either at the front or rear may have the axle extended through the end of the float to the center1 and the cog-wheel1 for the chain1 placed on the inner end of the axle1 and the chain descending through the bottom of the float1 and connected to the engine in the same manner as given in your paper4 ,the chain should be inclosed from the float to the saloon below1 with a pipe of the same material as the float1 and sufficiently large to insure the free action of the chain1 and the axle of the propellers should be made tight with suitable packing to prevent the escape of gas4 ,however there may be different arrangements employed for connecting the engine to the wheels4 ,a shaft extending directly under the float1 and reaching from the center to the axle supporting the propellers1 and connected therewith by means of side cog-wheels1 might be used2 and as the shaft would necessarily diverge from a straight line with the said axle1 the shaft having the chain-wheel on the end directly over the engine and connected therewith in the manner proposed by ,mr4 ,porter1 ,i would suggest further that it would1 perhaps1 be preferable to place the wheels at the front end1 that the rudder might remain in its original position1 and the aeroport could swing behind the propellers on encountering side currents of air1 and could thus be more easily guided4 ,i firmly believe that ,mr4 ,porter has taken the right step in the right direction to accomplish that which has been so long sought1 and which evidently will be accomplished at some future time4 ,the air will yet be navigated by numerous flying ships1 going from one city to another like those that now cover the broad bosom of our oceans4 ,,hiram ,,van ,,meter4 ,macomb1 ,ill4 99 99 99 99 99 ,puttying ,floors of ,jewelers ,shops and ,otherwise4 ,messrs4 ,editors3--,i am a reader of your valuable paper and find in it much to interest1 and many practical hints that are useful in my vocation2 ,i would not be without it for any consideration and ,i think every mechanic in the land should take it1 read it1 and profit by the reading4 ,i notice1 in ,vol4 ,,xxi1 page #cga1 a communication headed1 ,watch ,repairers' ,shop1 in which directions are given to fill the chinks in the floor around the work-bench with soft pine and putty1 etc41 etc42 this is all well enough1 but will not prevent the breaking of pivots should a balance wheel be dropped1 neither will it prevent the wheel being stepped upon and so rendered useless1 as often happens4 ,i am a watch-maker and jeweler1 and ,i never drop a wheel or part of a watch on the floor4 ,i have an apron about one yard wide1 and in the corners of it are eyelet-holes1 so that ,i can pin it to the bench when ,i am working2 ,i have strings to it1 but do not generally tie them around me1 but let it be loose in my lap as ,i have to jump up1 to attend to customers in the shop4 ,in the shop where ,i learned my trade 7in ,london1 ,england71 every workman was compelled to wear an apron1 and so much waste of property and valuable time was saved2 the saving of time in one week will more than pay the cost of the aprons4 ,sidney ,plains1 ,n4 ,y1 ,,geo4 ,c4,l4 ,,kent4 99 99 99 99 99 ,western ,demand for ,agricultural ,implements4 ,messrs4 ,editors3--,i often think1 on perusing your very valuable journal of science1 and the numerous mechanical and scientific problems it unfolds1 that the tendency of the age is to supersede all manual labor by machinery4 ,whether such a thing is possible is not the question for me to consider2 ,i only know that the tendency of universal human genius seems directed to that end4 ,i make the above observation casually1 in order to introduce a few ideas on the subject of improvement in agricultural implements--the great desideratum of the ,west at this moment4 ,here nature has opened her stores so munificently1 that all the husbandman has to do is to plow1 sow1 and garner the fruits of his labor4 ,but two great improvements are needed to enable the western farmer to keep pace with improvements in the mechanic arts and other kindred employment4 ,indeed1 we at the ,west1 particularly1 need a good1 cheap1 steam plow that can be made practicable for at least the better grade of farmers4 ,the ,english plan of moldboards1 that overcome all possible traction and necessitate the duplex stationary engines1 with the cumbrous artillery of attachments1 may do for sluggish people but will never meet the wants of the ,yankee nation4 ,the steam plow suited to the genius of our people1 must1 to use a vulgarism1 get up and go4 ,it must possess sufficient power of propulsion and traction to pulverize the ground better1 deeper1 and more rapidly than the old way4 ,such is the want of the great ,west in reference to preparing the soil for crops4 ,i do not know of such a machine in use1 nor do ,i believe in the theory of ,dr4 ,brainard1 that the moldboard is the only plan for properly pulverizing the soil2 for ,i am satisfied that such plan is wholly inadmissible in steam plowing in this country1 for want of sufficient traction for self-propulsion1 and observation has taught me that a self-propelling plow is the only steam plow our people will tolerate4 ,i have lately examined the drawings of a steam plow invented by a gentleman of this city 7which ,i am not at liberty to explain in detail7 that seems to meet the great want ,i have spoken of4 ,the invention consists in a very simple device1 by which the whole force of pulverizing the ground is applied to propel the machine1 and if this be not sufficient1 an independent force may be applied1 so arranged as to govern the speed of the machine at the will of the operator4 ,you will1 no doubt1 in due time hear more of this machine1 which seems to me to meet the great want so long experienced in ,western cultivation4 ,the next great want of the ,west is a practical grain binder1 that shall securely bind the grain as cut4 ,the scarcity and high price of labor renders such a machine an absolute necessity4 ,the efforts to supply this great want have been numerous1 but with no flattering success so far as ,i am able to learn1 except the machine invented by a citizen of this place1 which has already made its mark by demonstrating that automatic machinery can and does bind the grain as fast as cut4 ,the machine ,i speak of is yet in a chrysalis state1 so to speak1 but it has been worked two years in the field1 the last season without missing a bundle1 though not without the usual difficulties of all new machines in respect to the workings of some parts--too weak1 etc4 ,it is believed that the coming harvest will witness its triumphant success4 ,if so1 the production of our staple cereal will be greatly cheapened4 ,i shall be glad to renew old acquaintance1 by a more detailed statement hereafter4 ,i send enclosed the pay for another year of the ,,scientific ,,american1 which ,i can no more do without than my accustomed dinner4 ,c4 ,madison1 ,wis4 99 99 99 99 99 ,economical ,steam ,engine4 ,messrs4 ,editors3--,permit me now to make a few remarks in regard to an article on page #hdd1 last volume of the ,,scientific ,,american1 entitled ,which is the ,most ,economical ,steam ,engine8 ,the principles laid down in that article1 ,i think are correct4 ,i run a saw-mill with an engine which fills those conditions nearer than ,i ever saw1 and ,i would like to give your readers a brief description of it4 ,the cylinder is #aj-;inch bore1 and #ad-;inch stroke2 steam chest extends enough beyond the ends of the cylinder so that the steam travels only #b inches1 the shortest distance possible1 after leaving the valve before it reaches the piston-head1 and the space between the piston-head and cylinder-head is only one-fourth of an inch1 the bolt heads being counter-sunk until even4 ,other things about this engine are in proportion4 ,with this engine attached to a direct acting circular mill1 ,i can saw #b1jjj feet of hard-wood inch boards in one hour4 ,if any of your readers can beat this1 ,i would like to hear from them4 ,,john ,,carnes4 99 99 99 99 99 ,friction and ,percussion4 ,messrs4 ,editors3--,in reply to ,spectrum1 page #ceh1 of last volume1 ,i will be brief4 ,in his third paragraph he claims that he has merely suggested that friction and percussion may often be one and the same thing2 and immediately claims that in the case of the polished button rubbing a planed pine board1 the force which overcomes and levels the undulations of the wood1 is percussion1 and that percussion is also the cause of the heat2 the microscopic hills and hollows on the shining brass button skipping and jumping along the pine1 produces little infinitesimal bumpings1 and so pound out the heat4 ,this little theory should be known to the homeopaths--they could illustrate infinitesimal quantities by it6 ,spectrum treats my hammered horsenail illustration shabbily4 ,after indirectly acknowledging that there is a point where hammering will no longer produce heat1 he puts it on the grindstone1 subjects it to friction1 and when it burns his fingers1 throws his hat in the air and shouts ,hurrah for percussion6 ,we agree perfectly1 except that he calls hammering1 condensation2 calls friction1 percussion2 and drops friction from the mechanical dictionary altogether4 ,a railway car axle often heats and sets fire to the packing1 when the journal is smooth as polished glass2 but ,i never heard of those parts of the car which are constantly undergoing percussion1 even getting uncomfortably warm4 ,the natives of the ,south ,pacific produce fire by rubbing pieces of dry wood together1 but ,i never heard of their rapping sticks for the same purpose4 ,i have seen a new1 sharp knife made hot enough to raise a blister1 whittling a clean dry stick of pine1 and ,i would like to have ,spectrum tell us1 if in all the above cases percussion is the cause of the evolution of of heat1 and what is friction doing in the mean time4 ,new ,albany1 ,ind4 ,c4,c4,h4 99 99 99 99 99 ,oiling a ,preservative of ,brown ,stone4 ,messrs4 ,editors3--,i have read the article entitled1 ,what is to ,become of our ,brown ,stone ,fronts1 and have waited to see what others have to say4 ,but with so much at stake1 no body seems to know what to do or say4 ,being a practical painter1 it has been my lot to oil some of the best fronts in ,new ,york1 namely corner of #bc;d ,street and #eth ,avenue1 ,no4 #b1 ,west #bcrd ,street1 also ,no4 #a1 ,west #cjth ,street2 also the residence of ,e4,s4 ,higgins1 the carpet manufacturer1 done by other journeymen4 ,they were very dark in color for a few weeks1 but now after two years1 they are bleached almost as light as they were at first4 ,these fronts were cleaned whenever necessary1 and then oiled with fresh raw linseed oil from the press1 put on pretty much as carefully as in ordinary varnish work4 ,no second coat or lapping over of the oil4 ,all was put on at once that it would take without running down in streams4 ,the result3 the oil penetrates into good dry stone probably #a inches1 making the stone hard and flinty1 as any stone cutter will soon find out if he tries to trim it4 ,it keeps the damp and therefore the frost out of the stone1 as will be seen any foggy day1 the damp running down in streams on the oiled stone1 and the unoiled stone absorbing the dampness4 ,it is therefore necessary to oil during dry weather4 ,the oil is especially beneficial to balustrades and carvings1 as they are generally got out of soft stone4 ,it is also beneficial underneath balconies and porches1 as the sun never has a chance to dry the stone in such situations before the frost flakes it4 ,this ,i send in part payment for the great deal ,i have learned from your paper4 ,t4,h4 ,rilley ,new ,york ,city4 99 99 99 99 99 ,interesting ,correspondence from ,china4 ,messrs4 ,editors3--,your paper seems to increase in interest4 ,i brought the back volumes from ,madras to ,pekin1 and am glad to refer to them here where ,i must depend upon myself4 ,i have been building and repairing premises since ,i came here last year4 ,i find the carpenters and masons are very much delighted with our tools1 especially our saws1 planes1 borers1 vise1 and hammers4 ,our lathe is a wonder4 ,they use only the ancient spindle turned backwards and forwards by a treadle or by the left hand while the right guides the chisel or turning-tool1 which cuts only half the time4 ,they use only the turning saw1 which often fails them because it cannot be used in splitting wide boards in the middle1 and in many other places4 ,they are great sawyers1 however4 ,they stand heavy pine spars on end1 if rather short1 say #h feet1 the common length of many intended for making coffins1 and cut them up into three-eighths or half-inch stuff with great patience4 ,a longer one they will lean over and prop up1 raising it towards the perpendicular as they advance4 ,they must have some hard jobs4 ,i have just measured a poplar plank in front of a coffin manufactory1 which ,i found to be #e ft4 #c in4 at the butt1 #c ft4 #aj in4 at the top1 #h feet long1 and about #h inches thick4 ,for a crosscut saw they rig one like our wood-saw4 ,i am sure it would deeply interest you to make a visit to ,pekin and see how this ancient1 patient1 and industrious people do their work4 ,it is truly painful to see how much time they spend in making the simplest tool for want of at least a few labor-saving appliances4 ,doubtless you have their tools on show in ,new ,york4 ,they are to me an interesting study1 though ,i have been long familiar with the rude tools of the ,hindoos4 ,it is constantly suggested to me that we must have got many hints from the ,chinese1 or else indeed they have taken hints from the ,west2 or again1 which is perhaps the true solution1 implements like words have a common origin4 ,i should think from what ,i have observed in a short time1 that the ,chinese resemble the ,europeans in their tools more than the ,hindoos--a thing ,i did not at all anticipate4 ,a clever man could write you an interesting chapter on the ways of the ,pekinese1 the ,chinese ,manchus1 ,mongols1 and the rest mixed together1 though the ,chinese are confessedly the workers in wood1 iron1 and everything else4 ,the ,manchus are mostly hangers on of the government1 living mainly upon a miserable monthly stipend4 ,the reading of your unequaled journal makes me interested in you as if you were personal friends1 and so ,i have run away with these pointless remarks4 ,i am sure you will excuse me1 and not wonder that one wishes to breathe now and then4 ,i was an old subscriber in ,madras1 and hope to be till ,i can read no longer4 ,my son1 who perished at ,andersonville1 was a subscriber to the ,,scientific ,,american till the day of his capture by ,mosby4 ,pekin1 ,china4 ,p4,r4 ,hunt4 99 99 99 99 99 ,communication ,between ,deaf and ,blind ,mutes4 ,messrs4 ,editors3--,in a recent number of the ,,scientific ,,american ,i notice an ingenious method of teaching deaf and dumb persons to converse in the dark1 which is also applicable to blind mutes1 and it brings to my recollection a method which was in use among the telegraph boys some years ago when ,i was one of them4 ,sometimes when we were visiting and asked to communicate to a brother chip1 anything that it was not advisable for the persons around us to know1 a slight tap-tapping on the table or chair would draw the attention of the party we asked to talk to1 and then by his watching the forefinger of the writer1 if across the room1 or if near enough1 by placing the hand of the writer carelessly on the shoulder of the party we desired to communicate with1 the communication was written out in the telegraph alphabet or by taking hold of his hand and writing upon the finger4 ,i think this method will be found much less complicated1 if not quite as rapid1 as the method with both hands1 and much more convenient1 as it is only necessary to have hold of one hand of the person communicated with1 and is more rapid than writing with a pen4 ,for the benefit of those not acquainted with the telegraph alphabet1 ,i give it3 ,a ,b ,c ,d ,e ,f ,g ,h ,i 4- -444 444 -44 4 4-4 --4 4444 44 ,j ,k ,l ,m ,n ,o ,p ,q -4-4 -4- --- -- -4 4 4 44444 44-4 ,r ,s ,t ,u ,v ,w ,x ,y 4 44 444 - 44- 444- 4-- 44-4 44 44 ,z 444 4 ,the uninitiated will observe that ,o differs from ,i in the distance between the dots1 made thus3 ,i by two quick strokes of the forefinger2 ,o by one quick stroke1 slight pause1 and another quick stroke2 the dashes are made by holding the finger down for a short space3 thus ,,scientific ,,american would be written3 ,s ,c ,i ,e ,n ,t ,i ,f ,i ,c 444 44 4 44 4 -4 - 44 4-4 44 44 4 ,a ,m ,e ,r ,i ,c ,a ,n 4- -- 4 4 44 44 44 4 4- -4 ,in a very short time any one can learn to read by the sight or by the touch4 ,anything which can add to the pleasure or comfort of these unfortunates is of importance4 ,,magnet ,nothing can compensate for want of rapidity in a language designed for colloquy4 ,although our correspondent found the ,morse telegraph alphabet a resource on occasion1 he would scarcely be content to use it1 and it only for life1 even if emancipation from it involved months of labor4 ,the motions required to spell ,,scientific ,,american by the telegraph alphabet are thirty-nine1 but as the short dashes occupy the time of two dots for each dash1 and there are eight of these1 eight more ought to be counted in a comparison of it with an alphabet composed wholly of dots1 this would make forty-seven4 ,to spell the same words in full by the mute alphabet referred to would require only twenty-three motions4 ,a still greater disparity in rate would1 we think1 be found in an entire colloquial sentence4 ,thus the sentence ,hand me an apple would require1 by the mute alphabet1 the time of fourteen dots1 while with the telegraph alphabet it would require the time of thirty-nine4--,eds4 99 99 99 99 99 ,cheap ,cotton ,press ,wanted4 ,messrs4 ,munn ,co43--,please give us any information of cheap cotton-presses1 such as small neighborhoods1 or single planters1 in the ,south could own4 ,in particular1 a press that will put #dj pounds cotton into each cubic foot4 ,we want cotton better handled1 and to that end may want small bales1 say #aej pounds each4 ,but these must be put into three or four cubic feet1 or they will cost too much for covering1 ties1 etc4 ,perhaps you can furnish us with a wood-cut of some1 or several1 presses worked by hand1 or by horse-power1 that will do good service1 not cost too much1 be simple in operation1 not require too much power1 and be effective as above4 ,it may be for the interest of some of your clients or correspondents to give us the facts1 as we shall put them into a report for circulation amongst the entire cotton interest of the country4 ,yours very truly1 ,,walter ,,wells1 ,sec'y4 ,national ,association of ,cotton ,manufacturers and ,planters1 ,no4 #aa1 ,pemberton ,square1 ,boston1 ,mass4 99 99 99 99 99 ,a ,singular ,freak of a ,magnet4 ,messrs4 ,editors3--,in my library hangs a powerful horseshoe magnet which has a keeper and a weight attached of about three ounces4 ,this weight is sustained firmly by the attracting power of the magnet1 and is not easily shaken off by any oscillating motion1 yet through some 7to me7 unknown cause during each of the last ten nights the magnet has lost its power1 and the keeper and weight lie in the morning on the bottom of the case where the magnet has hung for many years without a like occurrence1 except once on the occasion of a severe shock of an earthquake which took place ,december #ag1 #ahfg4 ,there is no possible way for this magnet to be disturbed except by the electric current2 then why should its power thus return without the aid of a battery or keeper8 ,will some one explain8 ,,floyd ,,hamblin4 ,madrid ,springs1 ,n4,y4 99 99 99 99 99 ,speaking makes the ready man1 writing the correct man1 and reading the full man4 99 99 99 99 99 ,,preservation ,,of ,,iron4 ,,by ,,prof4 ,,henry ,e4 ,,colton4 ,what is wanted is something equally applicable to large or small pieces of iron1 and which will answer to ward off the attacks not only of the common atmospheric oxygen1 but also remain unaffected by acids or salt waters4 ,the above from a late number of the ,,scientific ,,american states not only the writer's ideas but also one of the greatest wants of the age4 ,iron is daily being put to more and more varied uses4 ,on land the great question is what will prevent rust2 on water1 what will prevent rust and fouling of bottoms of iron vessels4 ,we will briefly summarize the many patents granted for this purpose4 ,eight are for sheathing of various kinds put on in varied modes4 ,the most practicable of these is a system prepared by ,daft4 ,most iron vessels are now constructed by every other plate lapping the edges of the one between4 ,he proposes1 instead of having the plates all the same width1 to have one wide and one very narrow plate4 ,this would leave a trough between the two wide plates of the depth of the thickness of the plates4 ,he proposes to force into this trough very tightly pieces of teak1 and to the teak1 thus embedded1 he nails a sheathing of zinc4 ,the zinc is kept clean by slowly wearing away of its surface from action by contact with the iron and salt water4 ,there are four patents1 in which various1 so-called1 non-conducting coats are put on the iron1 and copper pigment in some form put on over them4 ,these have been specially condemned in ,england1 as no matter how good the non-conducting substance--and many are so only in name--it will become rubbed off at some points1 and there the bottom will be eaten both by salt water and action of copper4 ,coal tar and asphaltum are the subjects of patents in various forms4 ,one patent claims rubber or gutta-percha dissolved in linseed oil as a vehicle in which to grind the pigment2 another the same dissolved in naphtha or bisulphide of carbon as a pigment2 another hard rubber1 ground4 ,enameling with different materials is proposed by some1 while one proposes to glaze the bottoms so that barnacles and grass would find a slippery foothold4 ,combinations of tallow1 resin1 and tar--mineral and pine--are patented mostly to use over other paints4 ,coal tar1 sulphur1 lime1 and tallow1 are the subject of one patent2 guano1 red lead1 and oil of another2 while sulphur and silica are claimed by a third4 ,paints containing mercury1 arsenic1 and even strychnine1 are the subjects of several patents4 ,a mixture of coal tar and mercurial ointment of one4 ,galvanism is proposed to be used in various ways--strips of copper and zinc1 or by galvanizing the plates before use4 ,black lead finds a place in many compositions4 ,one patent1 by a complicated process1 effects a union of metallic zinc and iron2 this1 granulated and ground fine1 then mixed with red lead and oil1 makes the paint4 ,it is said to be the best of all the patented stuffs4 ,it is astonishing how many use oils derived from coal1 peat1 or resin1 and tars of the same4 ,there are about fifty patents for this object and with all of them before their eyes1 the ,british ,society for the ,advancement of ,art still hold the #e1jjj reward for a pigment or covering which will perfectly protect from rust and fouling4 ,however they may puff their products for selling1 no one has the temerity to claim that they deserve the reward4 ,we think it would be difficult to find so many expedients ever before adopted for the accomplishment of any one object4 ,these are all ,english patents1 ,england having necessarily been obliged to use iron for vessels from its cheapness as well as its consequent first introduction there4 ,in the ,united ,states no patents worth mentioning have been granted4 ,the first requisites for a pigment or coating for iron are1 that it should not contain any copper--the corrosive action of that metal on iron being intense4 ,then if for work exposed to air it should form such a coating as to be impervious to that gaseous fluid1 and be so constituted chemically as not to be oxidizable by it2 if under water--especially sea water--to be impermeable to moisture1 so elastic as not to crack1 so insoluble as not to chloridize2 to form a perfect1 apparently hard1 coating3 and yet wear just enough to keep off incrustation1 barnacles1 or growth of grass4 ,in fact1 this slow wearing away is the only preventive of fouling in iron vessels4 ,wooden bottoms may be poisoned by solutions of copper--and that metal has no superior for such uses1 especially when it is combined in mixture with mineral or resinous tars and spirits--these compounds1 however1 are not only useless on iron bottoms1 but also injurious4 ,what then is the substance3 #ast4 ,one of the oxides of lead 7red lead74 #b;d4 ,the purest oxide of iron to be found4 ,if properly made these articles can be carried to no higher state of oxidation1 and respectively1 as to order named1 they have no superiors for body and durability4 ,by preference1 #ast1 red lead1 either out of or under water2 #b;d1 ,prince's oxide of iron only1 out of water4 ,the color of these paints--the first red1 the latter brown1 may be hidden by a coat of white or tinted color4 ,if there were to be had in combination as a white paint1 an oxide of lead and an oxide of zinc1 it would be immensely superior to either1 but that such has not been produced is rather the fault of carelessness than of possibility4 ,zinc protects iron with great effect1 but it is too rapidly worn in the effort to be of lasting value4 ,hence the great desideratum1 the yet to be1 the coming pigment is a white oxide of lead or a combined white oxide of lead and white oxide of zinc1 without sulphates or chlorides4 ,those materials answer very well for work exposed to atmospheric air1 and perhaps nothing will ever be found better2 but a different need is that for salt water4 ,no mere protector of the iron from rust can be found superior to pure red lead and linseed oil4 ,we have seen a natural combination of zinc1 lead1 and iron1 which1 in our experience1 ranks next2 but the zinc is acted on by the chloride of sodium1 and wears away too much of the material4 ,red lead1 however1 while covering the iron perfectly and effectually preventing rust1 and also having but little disposition to chloridize1 when it does1 will foul both with grass and barnacles4 ,hence1 the first desideratum being obtained1 how shall we accomplish the other4 ,the prevention of fouling may be accomplished in two ways3 ,first1 cover the vessel's bottom with two or even three coats of red lead1 and give each time to dry hard4 ,then melt in an iron pot a mixture of two parts beeswax1 two parts tallow1 and one part pine resin2 mix thoroughly1 and apply hot one or two coats4 ,this mixture may be tinted with vermilion or chrome green4 ,it is not necessary to use any poisonous substance1 as it is only by its softness and gradual wear that it is kept clean4 ,second1 mix red lead and granular metallic zinc1 ground fine1 or such a mineral as we have mentioned--crystalline and granular in its character4 ,put on two or three coats1 and allow each to set--they will never dry hard4 ,the zinc will slowly wear off1 keeping the whole surface clean1 while there will be left enough coating of the lead to preserve the iron from rust4 ,the oil ,i would urge for these pigments is linseed--as little boiled as possible1 to be thinned with spirits of turpentine4 ,there seems to have been a mania for mixtures of tar and resins1 their spirits and oils2 my experience fails to show me any advantage for them on an iron bottom4 ,they have neither elasticity nor durability1 while linseed oil has both in a pre-eminent degree1 and is no more likely to foul than they1 when in a combination that does not dry hard4 ,besides they are difficult to grind1 inconvenient to transport1 and offensive to use4 ,perhaps we have not1 in the opinion of some1 answered the want expressed in the first paragraph4 ,no pigment with the requisites of durability and cheapness will resist the attacks of strong acids on iron4 ,the first we have mentioned will--all such as may float in our air from factories or chemical works4 ,chemically it is converted by nitric acid and chlorine into an insoluble substance--plumbic acid or the cyanide of lead4 ,an experience of more than three years1 with almost unlimited means at our command for experiment1 demonstrates to us that we have indicated the means of filling the other requisites asked for4 ,it may be that something new will be discovered1 but we doubt it4 ,let any one tread the road we have trod1 investigate and experiment where and as much as we have1 and1 if that place is1 where we have not1 and their experience will be the same as ours4 99 99 99 99 99 ,,the ,,bananas ,,and ,,plantains ,,of ,,the ,,tropics4 ,for the ,scientific ,american4 ,poets have celebrated the banana plant for its beauty1 its luxuriance1 the majesty of its leaves1 and the delicacy of its fruit2 but never have they sufficiently praised the utility of this tropical product4 ,those who have never lived in southern countries are unable to fully appreciate its value4 ,some look even with indifference upon the gigantic clusters of this fruit1 as they are unloaded from the steamers and sailing vessels2 and yet they deserve special attention and admiration1 for they are to the inhabitants of the torrid zone1 what bread and potatoes are to those of the north temperate zone4 ,the banana tree is one of the most striking illustrations of tropical fertility and exuberance4 ,a plant1 which in a northern climate1 would require many years to gain strength and size1 is there the production of ten or twelve months4 ,the native of the ,south plants a few grains1 taken from an old tree1 in a moist and sandy soil1 along some river or lake2 they develop with the greatest rapidity1 and at the end of ten months the first crop may be gathered1 though the cluster and bananas are yet small2 but the following year one cluster alone will weigh some sixty or more pounds4 ,even in the ,south they are always cut down when green1 as they lose much of their flavor when left to ripen or soften on the tree4 ,the trunk of the tree1 if it may be so called1 and which grows to a hight of some fifteen feet1 is formed only by the fleshy part of the large leaves1 some of which attain a length of eighteen feet1 and are two and a half feet in width4 ,while from an upper sprout you perceive the large yellow flowers1 or already formed fruits1 you see underneath a cluster1 which is bending the tree by its weight4 ,the plantain tree is much the same as the banana1 with the difference1 however1 that its fruit cannot be eaten raw1 like the banana's1 and that it is much larger in size4 ,almost every portion of the banana tree is useful4 ,first of all1 the nutritious fruit4 ,the plantains when green and hard1 are boiled in water or with meat like our potatoes1 or they are cut in slices and fried in fat1 when they are soft and ripe4 ,there is a singularity about the boiled plaintain1 worthy of being mentioned4 ,pork especially1 and other meats are so exceedingly fat in the tropics that they would be most disgusting or even impossible to eat with either bread or potatoes1 but the plaintain seems to neutralize or absorb all the greasy substance1 and the fattest meat is thus eaten by natives and foreigners without the least inconvenience4 ,ripe bananas are mashed into a paste1 of which the natives bake a sort of bread1 which is very nourishing1 though somewhat heavy4 ,this paste1 which contains much starch1 can be dried1 and thus kept for a length of time1 which is often of great service to mariners4 ,the young sprouts are used and prepared like vegetables1 and the fibrous parts of the stalks of the majestic leaves are used like manilla for ropes and coarse cloth4 ,the utility of the leaves is a theme rich enough to fill a volume2 they are used to cover the huts1 for table-cloths and napkins1 or wrapping paper4 ,the dough of bread1 instead of being put in a pan1 into the oven1 is spread on a piece of plantain leaf2 it will neither crisp nor adhere to the bread when taken out4 ,the ,indians of ,america carry all their products1 such as maize1 sugar1 coffee1 etc41 in bags made of this leaf1 which they know how to arrange so well1 that they transport an arroba1 or twenty-five pounds any distance without a single grain escaping1 and without any appliance other than a liana or creeper to tie it up with4 ,as to the medicinal qualities of the leaves1 they are numerous4 ,indeed1 a book has been written upon them4 ,i speak1 however1 from my own experience4 ,the young1 yet unrolled leaves are superior to any salve or ointment4 ,if applied to an inflamed part of the body1 the effect is soothing and cooling1 or if applied to a wound or ulcer1 they excite a proper healthy action1 and afterwards completely heal the wound4 ,decoctions made of the leaves are used among the natives for various diseases4 ,since the beginning of the world this plant has ranked among the first in the ,flora of ,asia4 ,the ,christians of the orient look upon it as the tree of ,paradise which bore the forbidden fruit1 and they think its leaves furnished the first covering to our original parents4 ,according to other historians1 the ,adam's fig was the plant1 which the messengers brought from the promised land to ,moses1 who had sent them out to reconnoitre4 ,it is under the shade of the musa sapientium1 that1 as recorded by ,pliny1 the learned ,indians seated themselves to meditate over the vicissitudes of life1 and to talk over different philosophic subjects1 and the fruit of this tree was their only food4 ,the ,oriental ,christians1 up to the present date1 regard the banana almost with reverence2 their active fancy beholds in its center1 if a cut is made transverse1 the image of the cross1 and they consider it a crime to use a knife in cutting the fruit4 ,in the holy language of the ,hindoo1 the ,sanscrit1 the ,adam's fig is called modsha1 whence doubtless1 the word musa is derived4 ,it is generally believed that the plant came from ,india to ,egypt in the seventh century2 it still forms a most important article of commerce in the markets of ,cairo and ,alexandria4 ,in the year #aeaf1 the banana was brought to the ,west ,indian ,islands by a monk1 since which time it has rapidly spread over the tropics of ,america1 and is found to the twenty-fifth degree north and south of the equator4 ,it is equally indispensable and is appreciated by the immigrant and by the native as a beautifier of the landscape2 affording shelter from the sun and rain1 and giving bread to the children2 for if every other crop should fail1 the hungry native looks up to the banana tree1 like a merchant to his well-filled storehouse4 99 99 99 99 99 ,,putting ,,up ,,stoves4 ,,by ,,mark ,,twain4 ,we do not remember the exact date of the invention of stoves1 but it was some years ago4 ,since then mankind have been tormented once a year1 by the difficulties that beset the task of putting them up1 and getting the pipes fixed4 ,with all our ,yankee ingenuity no ,american has ever invented any method by which the labor of putting up stoves can be lessened4 ,the job is as severe and vexatious as humanity can possibly endure1 and gets more so every year4 ,men always put their stoves up on a rainy day4 ,why1 we know not2 but we never heard of any exception to this rule4 ,the first step to be taken is to put on a very old and ragged coat1 under the impression that when he gets his mouth full of plaster it will keep the shirt bosom clean4 ,next1 the operator gets his hand inside the place where the pipe ought to go1 and blacks his fingers1 and then he carefully makes a black mark down the side of his nose4 ,it is impossible to make any headway1 in doing this work1 until this mark is made down the side of the nose4 ,having got his face properly marked1 the victim is ready to begin the ceremony4 ,the head of the family--who is the big goose of the sacrifice--grasps one side of the bottom of the stove1 and his wife and the hired girl take hold of the other side4 ,in this way the load is started from the woodshed toward the parlor4 ,going through the door1 the head of the family will carefully swing his side of the stove around and jam his thumb nail against the door post4 ,this part of the ceremony is never omitted4 ,having got the family comfort in place1 the next thing is to find the legs4 ,two of these are left inside the stove since the spring before4 ,the other two must be hunted after1 for twenty-five minutes4 ,they are usually found under the coal4 ,then the head of the family holds up one side of the stove while his wife puts two of the legs in place1 and next he holds up the other while the other two are fixed1 and one of the first two falls out4 ,by the time the stove is on its legs he gets reckless1 and takes off his old coat1 regardless of his linen4 ,then he goes for the pipe and gets two cinders in his eye4 ,it don't make any difference how well the pipe was put up last year it will always be found a little too short or a little too long4 ,the head of the family jams his hat over his eyes and taking a pipe under each arm goes to the tin shop to have it fixed4 ,when he gets back1 he steps upon one of the best parlor chairs to see if the pipe fits1 and his wife makes him get down for fear he will scratch the varnish off from the chairs with the nails in his boot heel4 ,in getting down he will surely step on the cat1 and may thank his stars that it is not the baby4 ,then he gets an old chair and climbs up to the chimney again1 to find that in cutting the pipe off1 the end has been left too big for the hole in the chimney4 ,so he goes to the woodshed and splits one side of the end of the pipe with an old axe1 and squeezes it in his hands to make it smaller4 ,finally he gets the pipe in shape1 and finds the stove does not stand true4 ,then himself and wife and the hired girl move the stove to the left1 and the legs fall out again4 ,next it is to move to the right4 ,more difficulty now with the legs4 ,move to the front a little4 ,elbow not even with the hole in the chimney1 and the head of the family goes again to the woodshed after some little blocks4 ,while putting the blocks under the legs1 the pipe comes out of the chimney4 ,that remedied1 the elbow keeps tipping over1 to the great alarm of the wife4 ,head of the family gets the dinner table out1 puts the old chair on it1 gets his wife to hold the chair1 and balances himself on it to drive some nails into the ceiling4 ,drops the hammer on wife's head4 ,at last he gets the nails driven1 takes a wire swing to hold the pipe1 hammers a little here1 pulls a little there1 takes a long breath1 and announces the ceremony concluded4 ,job never put up any stoves4 ,it would have ruined his reputation if he had4 ,the above programme1 with unimportant variations1 will be carried out in many respectable families during the next six weeks4 99 99 99 99 99 ,,the ,,magic ,,lantern4 ,the invention of the magic lantern dates back to #afej1 and is attributed to ,professor ,kircher1 a ,german philosopher of rare talents and extensive reputation4 ,the instrument is simple and familiar4 ,it is a form of the microscope4 ,the shadows cast by the object are1 by means of lenses1 focussed upon something capable of reflection1 such as a wall or screen4 ,no essential changes in the principles of construction have been made since the time of ,kircher2 but the modern improvements in lenses1 lights1 and pictures1 have raised the character of the instrument from that of a mere toy to an apparatus of the highest utility4 ,by its employment the most wonderful forms of creation1 invisible1 perhaps1 to the eye1 are not only revealed but reproduced in gigantic proportions1 with all the marvelous truth of nature itself4 ,the success of some of the most celebrated demonstrations of ,faraday1 ,tyndall1 ,doremus1 ,morton1 and others1 was due to the skillful use of the magic lantern4 ,as an educator1 the employment of this instrument is rapidly extending4 ,no school apparatus is complete without it2 and now that transparencies are so readily multiplied by photography upon glass1 and upon mica1 or gelatin1 by the printing press or the pen1 it is destined to find a place in every household2 for in it are combined the attractive qualities of beauty1 amusement1 and instruction4 ,the electric light affords1 probably1 the strongest and best illumination for the magic lantern2 then comes the magnesium light2 but their use is a little troublesome and rather expensive2 next to these in illuminating power is the oxy-hydrogen or ,drummond light4 ,the preparation of the gases and the use of the calcium points involve considerable skill4 ,need has long been felt for some form of the magic lantern1 having a strong light1 but more easily produced than any of those just mentioned2 and this has at last been accomplished1 after several years' study and experiment1 by ,prof4 ,l4,j4 ,marcy1 #fcb ,arch ,st41 ,philadelphia1 ,pa4 ,the ,sciopticon1 is the name of his new instrument1 and from actual trial we find that it possesses many superior qualities4 ,its lenses are excellent1 and in illuminating power its light ranks next to the oxy-hydrogen4 ,the sciopticon light is produced from ordinary coal oil by an ingenious arrangement of double flames1 intensifying the heat and resulting in a pencil of strong white light4 ,prof4 ,marcy's instrument is the perfection of convenience1 simplicity1 and safety4 ,any one may successfully work it and produce the most brilliant pictures upon the screen4 ,it is peculiarly adapted for school purposes and home entertainment4 ,those who wish to do a good thing for young people should provide one of these instruments4 ,photographic transparencies of remarkable places1 persons1 and objects1 may now be purchased at small cost2 while there is no end to the variety of pictures which may be drawn by hand at home upon mica1 glass or gelatin1 and then reproduced upon the screen by the sciopticon4 99 99 99 99 99 ,the ,largest ,well in the ,world--,capacity #a1jjj1jjj ,gallons of ,water per ,day4 ,one of the grand necessities of the ,prospect ,park1 ,brooklyn1 ,n4,y41 that of providing for a continual supply of water for all the purposes of the ,park developed itself1 as the ,commissioners progressed with their stupendous undertaking4 ,mr4 ,stranahan1 the ,president of the ,board1 after carefully weighing the cost1 the practicability1 and importance of having an independent water supply for the ,park1 advised the ,commissioners of the plan which had suggested itself1 and the calculations which had been made by the engineers relative to the project1 and the work was commenced1 the first idea being to secure at least a partial supply of water by means of a well constructed in the ,park4 ,the subject was thus treated in the last annual report of ,mr4 ,c4,c4 ,martin1 the engineer in charge3 ,this well has been located on the south side of ,lookout ,hill1 near the lake1 and work was commenced upon it late in the season4 ,after a careful consideration of various methods for sinking the well1 it was decided to build the wall and then to excavate the material from within1 trusting to the weight of the wall to force it down4 ,sixteen feet of the wall were laid securely bolted together1 before the excavation was commenced4 ,a derrick with a boom fifty-five feet in length was set up near the wall1 so that the sweep of the boom commanded the interior of it4 ,iron buckets containing fourteen cubic feet each were obtained1 and a six-horse power hoisting engine purchased4 ,with these appliances the excavation was commenced1 and carried on with slight interruption until the work was suspended on account of the frost4 ,the well is now completed1 and is one of the most important features of the ,park4 ,it is worthy to rank as a feat of engineering skill with1 any of the great works of modern times4 ,the ,commissioners decided to put its powers to the test yesterday afternoon1 but owing to the unpropitious weather of the forenoon the trial was postponed4 ,nevertheless1 ,commissioners ,stranahan1 ,fiske1 and ,haynes1 with ,mr4 ,martin1 engineer in charge1 and ,mr4 ,john ,y4 ,culyer1 his assistant1 were at the well4 ,during the last summer some difficulties were encountered in the sinking of the wall1 which were set down by superficial observers as the utter failure of the enterprise4 ,mr4 ,stranahan received but little encouragement from his fellow ,commissioners1 some of whom had never seen greater works of engineering than the construction of street sewers4 ,he assumed the responsibility of seeing the work through1 feeling that the whole thing depended entirely upon the ability of the engineers1 in which he had abundant faith4 ,all obstacles were surmounted2 the work proceeded and the well is now finished1 and so far as is known1 is understood to be the largest one in the world4 ,the outer wall is fifty feet in diameter1 two feet thick1 and fifty-four feet high4 ,the inner curb1 or wall1 is thirty-five feet in diameter and two feet thick1 having a depth of ten feet4 ,the masonry1 as seen from the top of the structure1 is a marvel of neatness and solidity4 ,the water surface in the well is thirteen feet above high-tide level1 and the depth of water in the well is fourteen feet4 ,the pump foundations are entirely independent of the walls4 ,this plan was adopted so as to obviate any possible difficulty which might arise from displacement4 ,the pump is the ,worthington patent1 and1 with a pressure of forty pounds1 is capable of raising one million gallons of water every twenty-four hours a height of #agf feet1 and is competent to a lift of #ahj feet4 ,the boiler house is a neat1 pressed-brick structure trimmed with ,ohio stone1 standing on the surface near the mouth of the well4 ,the interior of the well is reached by a spiral stairway built in the wall1 and commencing in the boiler house4 ,in this way the engineer is able to reach the pump4 ,it is a fact worthy of notice in connection with the construction of the wall1 or rather the sinking of it1 that the outer wall rests upon four feet of wooden cribwork1 two feet thick1 and having an iron shield4 ,the inner wall is built upon a similar crib only two feet deep1 also shielded with iron4 ,the ,commissioners were led to the construction of this well in presence of the danger at any time of some accident taking place in connection with the ,brooklyn ,water ,works which would render it necessary for the ,water ,board to cut off the ,park supply so as to secure the citizens from suffering4 ,this well has more than the necessary capacity to supply the ,park abundantly with water1 yielding most when most is needed4 ,this is established by the discovery that the time of drought from which the well is1 or may be1 likely to suffer1 occurs in the ,fall4 ,besides these facts1 it further appears that in order to furnish the supply of water to the ,park the ,water ,board would have to go through the process of pumping their water twice to convey it to the required elevation1 equal to #bbe feet from its original level4 ,the work of the well will be to supply the pools at an elevation of #acc feet4 ,from the pools the water is conducted to the lake4 ,besides this1 there is an independent connection with the lake by which1 as necessity may suggest1 the water can be directed to the lake1 a lift of only seventy feet4 ,the lake1 when completed1 will occupy an area of fifty acres1 which will be kept continually supplied with fresh water1 the arrangements being such1 or to be such1 as will insure a permanent change of water1 and prevent any of the evils that may arise from stagnancy4 ,the well is fed from the earth1 consisting of a circuit of two miles1 with a fall of five feet to the mile4 ,for this reason it does not appear easy to exhaust the supply1 as when the water is pumped out to four or five feet from the surface of the well it is replaced at a rate equal to the demand4 ,every allowance has been made for evaporation from the lake and pools1 and the supply is regarded as inexhaustible4 ,another important fact here suggests itself2 that is1 that sufficient rain falls during the season in the area of two miles around the well to make the supply perennial4 ,the ,prospect ,park well is a credit to ,brooklyn4--,new ,york ,times4 99 99 99 99 99 ,,paper ,,for ,,building4 ,our readers will find in another column an advertisement of this new building material which is now attracting much attention in the ,west1 and of which we have received very favorable reports4 ,it has been recently tested in ,chicago with the result we are informed of fully establishing its utility4 ,it is said that a house twenty-two feet long1 sixteen wide1 and fourteen high1 can be covered on the outside for less than #i2 and a house thirty-six feet by twenty-two1 and twenty feet high1 for #bj4 ,the building can be done at any season1 and can be finished with great speed1 and there are said to be numerous other advantages connected with the use of the paper4 ,it differs from ordinary paper in consistency1 compactness and solidity4 ,in the manufacture it is subjected to a pressure of hundreds of tuns1 which squeezes out the liquid matter1 leaving a substance of the right thickness4 ,it is said to be proof against damp and gnawing of vermin1 and it being an excellent non-conductor of heat1 must make a warm dwelling in winter and a cool one in summer4 ,it is used in the place of plastering for inside walls4 99 99 99 99 99 ,the ,prussian ,government has military maps of every foot of its territory so complete that every hill1 ravine1 brooklet1 field1 and forest is delineated with perfect accuracy4 ,it is a common boast of ,prussian military men1 that within the space of eight days #hdh1jjj men can be concentrated to the defense of any single point within the kingdom1 and every man of them will be a trained and well-equipped soldier4 99 99 99 99 99 ,improved ,muzzle-,pivoting ,gun4 ,we are indebted for the following able description and criticism of this ,prussian gun to our able contemporary1 ,the ,engineer4 ,viewed as a piece of mechanism1 nothing can well be more beautiful in mutual adaptation of parts to the fulfillment of given and rather recondite movements1 and in point of execution1 than this muzzle-pivoting arrangement of ,herr ,gruson's2 but having said this we are compelled to add1 as impartial engineering critics1 that it is nothing more4 ,illustration3 ,,gruson',s ,,system ,,of ,,muzzle-,,pivoting ,,applied ,,to ,,monitors4 ,a very few words of description1 aided by the very clear engraving annexed1 will suffice to make the arrangement plain to every mechanical reader4 ,the entire structure is metallic1 chiefly of cast iron or of steel4 ,upon the platform of the casemate1 or deck of the ship1 or turret1 is laid the heavy bed or traverse plate1 cast hollow in iron1 holding the vertical pivot at its forward end1 on which the gun slide traverses in azimuth1 and at its rear end the segment plate1 bolted down and separately adjustable as to position upon the bedplate4 ,the slide is also a ponderous hollow casting1 the upper surfaces of which1 on which the gun carriage runs forward or recoils1 are curvilinear in a vertical plane1 so that the inclination to the horizon is greatest at the rear end4 ,at the rear end of the slide it traverses upon two heavy cast-iron turned conical rollers1 which are geared together and actuated by the winch handle and spur gear1 seen in our engraving2 by these the slide is practically held fast in any position on the bedplate4 ,the gun itself--in the model1 a steel breech-loader1 on the ,prussian regulation system1 very slightly modified--is sustained between two high and ponderous cheek plates of cast iron1 which constitute the sides of the carriage1 and which are connected together strongly at the lower edges by a heavy base or bottom plate1 and at the top by two light cross distance bolts4 ,the muzzle and breech extremities of the piece project well beyond those cheeks4 ,along the bottom of the trough of the carriage1 directly under the gun1 lies a nearly horizontal hydraulic press cylinder1 the pump and handle actuating which are seen in the figures to the proper left of the gun1 and the supply of water for which is contained in the hollow bottom of the carriage4 ,on each side cheek of the carriage is formed1 by curved planing1 a circular segmental race1 opening inward or toward each other1 rectangular in cross section and into each of which is fitted a segmental block just filling it up1 and occupying a portion of its length so as to slide easily up or downward through the whole range of the arc or segment4 ,the center point of the length of each of those blocks carries one side of the gun1 which is connected also with the two heavy radius bars seen outside the cheeks1 and pivoted close to the segment races on the outside1 and with a system of link work between the gun itself and the crosshead of the ram of the hydraulic cylinder1 which gives motion to the gun in elevation or depression1 through a vertical arc1 the imaginary center of which1 and of the segments of the side cheeks1 is situated in the horizontal diameter across the muzzle of the gun4 ,this is in brief the muzzle-pivoting part of the arrangement1 of which1 were it worth while to go into its details1 we should need some further diagrams to make it quite clear4 ,nor is it worth while to go into the description of various minor points of refinement about the gun mounting1 such as the very exposed long tangent scale seen in the figure1 by which the elevation or depression is read off1 nor the still more exposed and rather ricketty arrangement by which the rear sight is arranged to rise and fall with the gun1 and allowance for dispart avoided4 ,the recoil of the gun is resisted through and by the segment blocks in the side cheeks1 and by the heavy radius bars1 etc41 and thus transferred to the carriage itself4 ,this moves upon four eccentro-concentric rollers1 in all respects identical with those brought before the ,ordnance ,select ,committee of ,woolwich by ,mr4 ,mallet1 in #aheh--then rejected1 after some time adopted1 and brought into use in our own service1 where they are now universal1 and from which they have been adopted into every artillery in the world1 and1 we understand1 without the slightest recognition of the inventor's rights4 ,on the axle of each of these rollers is keyed a circular eccentric cam plate1 those at the same side being connected together by a linking bar so as to move in concert4 ,adjustable tripping plates attached to the sides of the slide1 are so arranged that when the loaded gun has been run forward its carriage base rests hard down1 with its full weight upon the top faces of the slide1 and thus the recoil is made under the full resistance due to the friction of the entire load4 ,arrived at the highest point1 it rests there until loaded4 ,the cam plates being then given a slight motion of rotation by the help of socket levers--the rectangular projections to be received by which are seen on the top edges of the cam plates in the figure--the carriage1 by its own commenced descent1 gets again upon its rollers1 and runs forward upon these at once into firing position4 ,the two elevated horns which are seen standing up at the rear part of the slide above the roller frame are designed to receive the thump of the two short buffer-blocks--seen at the rear part of each carriage cheek--in the event of the recoil not being wholly expended in raising the weight of gun and carriage1 etc41 along the curved racers of the slide4 ,these buffer-blocks bear against plugs of vulcanized india-rubber secured in the bottoms of the buffer cylinders4 ,we have thus1 though very briefly1 described the whole of this mounting4 ,as a carefully thought out and elaborated piece of elegant mechanical complication ,herr ,gruson's muzzle-pivoting carriage attracted much attention at ,paris1 in #ahfg1 and its merits were regarded as great by those whose thoughts went little further perhaps4 ,we should have been glad had it been in our power to have joined in its praise4 ,we are1 however1 obliged honestly to say that1 however highly creditable to its designer as an ingenious and capable mechanism1 it shows that he has never realized to himself as a practical artillerist the primary1 most absolute1 and indispensable conditions of construction for a serviceable muzzle-pivoting gun for either land or sea service4 ,as to the general merits1 or general conditions1 of muzzle-pivoting1 however1 once in doubt at first1 these are admitted now by all2 and the latter resolve themselves almost into this--that system of muzzle-pivoting must be best which1 while preserving the essential point of leaving the muzzle of the gun free of any direct attachment1 i4e41 with an imaginary1 not an actual1 pivot of vertical arc motion1 shall be the simplest possible in its parts1 have the least details1 the fewest parts capable of being struck by splinters or shot1 and all its parts of such materials and character as to receive the smallest amount of injury if so struck4 ,in every one of these aspects ,herr ,gruson's mounting is at fault4 ,with parts and movements far more ingeniously adapted than those of the crude and unskillfully designed muzzle-pivoting carriages of ,captain ,heathorn1 also exhibited at ,paris1 and much exhibited and exposed since1 the ,gruson mounting is even more complicated1 expensive1 and liable to injury of every sort to which a gun carriage can be conceived liable4 ,we may even venture to affirm that ponderous as was the mass of cast iron1 etc41 in the ,paris model carrying only a #ab-pounder gun1 were it all enlarged in such ratio as might appear to suit for a #aj-;inch #be-tun rifled gun of the ,british type1 the almost proverbial relations1 between weight1 velocity of impulse1 and brittleness of cast iron1 would show themselves1 in the whole machine going to pieces within a very few rounds4 99 99 99 99 99 ,stock ,feeding by ,clock ,work4 ,mr4 ,f4 ,b4 ,robinson1 of ,north ,haven1 ,conn41 has invented a very neat arrangement1 whereby horses or stock can be fed at any time required with certainty and without personal attention at the time of feeding4 ,his invention consists of a hopper with a drop bottom in which the provender is placed4 ,a latch secures the drop bottom1 the latch engaging with a spring catch4 ,a simple arrangement of clock work on the principle of the alarm clock1 may be set to release the spring at any hour or minute desired1 when the drop falls and the provender falls through a chute into the feeding trough4 ,this invention may be adapted to feeding any number of horses or cattle1 only one clock being required4 ,we regard the invention as one of much value4 ,by its use much neglect of careless attendants may be obviated1 and a farmer without help1 might leave home for an evening's entertainment1 or absent himself on business1 without fear that his stock would suffer4 ,besides being so convenient the cost of the apparatus is a mere bagatelle4 99 99 99 99 99 ,milk1 and ,what ,comes of ,it4 ,orange ,county has long been a laud flowing with milk and--butter4 ,three or four of these most beautiful autumn days were spent by us1 says a writer in ,harper's ,weekly1 among the farmers which are supposed to butter our ,new ,york city bread1 and qualify our tea and coffee4 ,recent mechanical improvements have taken away much of the traditional romance of the farm1 but1 on the whole1 the loss is more than made up by the gain of perfect system and wonderful adaptation4 ,instead of four or five cows1 known by such names as ,brindle1 ,bess1 and ,sukey1 milked by rosy-cheeked maidens1 we have now droves of fifty or a hundred1 milked by men1 who know them only as good or poor milkers4 ,in some fine farms a large and luxuriant pasture1 with running brooks and border of woodlands1 affords1 with the herd feeding in it1 a beautiful picture2 and the substantial barns constructed to keep the cattle comfortably cool in summer and warm in winter1 with ample drinking troughs and stalls for fastening up at night1 are indicative of the good shelter at hand when winter storms drive the cows indoors4 ,to the farmyards the cows are brought night and morning1 in summer1 to be milked4 ,the strained milk is put into large cans holding forty quarts1 such as the milkmen use in distributing it through the city4 ,these cans are then put into tanks made in some cool running stream1 where the water comes nearly to the top of the can4 ,frequent stirring is necessary until the animal heat is quite gone4 ,the milk is then fit to be sent to the cars4 ,this process can never safely be omitted for1 paradoxical though it may seem1 milk is fresher and sweeter when it reaches the consumer if it is delayed at the farm for at least twelve hours4 ,even in hot weather1 it is more certain to keep sweet when twenty-four or thirty-six hours elapse between the milking and the using in the city4 ,there has been much discussion as to the best means of cooling milk for market1 and patent pails have been tried in which the milk passes directly from the cow through small1 coiled tubes surrounded by ice4 ,but this rapid cooling does not work well1 and practical experience indicates that the old simple process is the best4 ,every well-appointed farm must have1 therefore1 a cool and unfailing stream of water4 ,there are two such streams in one of the farms we visited4 ,one passes through the barn1 furnishing drinking troughs for the cattle1 and a tank for cooling milk in winter4 ,the other1 running through the pasture1 supplies a trout-breeding pond1 and furnishes a tank for summer use4 ,in a little hut under the trees1 the milk cans are kept in a stream1 which even the severe drought of last summer did not dry1 nor the heat raise to a temperature of #fj4 ,we are assured most positively that none of the spring water finds its way over the mouth of the can into the milk4 ,its dilution1 of which there is so much just complaint1 must be done1 if at all1 in the city1 for the wholesale buyer is said to have such means of testing the milk as effectually protects him against the farmer4 ,may the man be busy at work who is to give each family such a protection4 ,we have heard it said that one end of a small piece of common tape placed in a pan of milk will carry from it all the water into another vessel in which the other end of the tape should be placed2 but we have never found this a safe test4 ,strange to say1 no butter is made on these large milk farms4 ,the supply for the family is obtained from market1 or1 more rarely1 from a neighbor who churns all his milk for the accommodation of those who send all theirs to the city4 ,our notions of the way to make butter were decidedly overturned on going to such a dairy4 ,no setting of the milk in shallow pans for cream to rise2 no skimming and putting away in jars until churning day1 when the thick cream was agitated by a strong arm until the butter came1 then worked and salted4 ,instead1 there is a daily pouring of the unskimmed soured milk into a common churn1 perhaps somewhat larger than ordinary4 ,the dasher is fastened to a shaft1 which is moved by a crank4 ,the crank is turned by means of a nearly horizontal wheel some eight or ten feet in diameter1 which is kept in motion by a dog1 sheep1 or calf standing on it1 something after the manner of the old tread-mill4 ,when taken from the churn1 the butter is worked by hand as of old4 ,the farmer with whom we have talked said he was about determined to send his milk to the creamery1 since butter-making made it so hard for the women4 ,surely woman is less a drudge than she used to be4 ,if1 after being relieved from the labor of churning1 the remaining working of the butter is considered too hard for the farmer's wife1 the day of a woman's redemption must be near at hand4 ,only one butter farm1 have we been able to find1 and not enough is made there to supply the immediate neighborhood4 ,where1 then1 does all the ,orange county butter come from8 ,mostly from the ,west4 ,farmers buy from the vicinity of the ,alleghenies1 and even further west1 large quantities1 which they sell in the original packages or repack in pails4 ,since railroads have become so numerous1 ,new ,york drinks up all the milk in ,orange county1 and must butter her bread elsewhere4 ,the largest institution for the disposition of milk is the ,creamery1 which is1 in other words1 a cheese factory4 ,here is brought the milk which the farmers themselves are unable properly to prepare for market1 for want of cool springs or sufficient help4 ,received here1 it is placed in deep but narrow tin pails holding twelve or fourteen quartz4 ,these are floated in large tanks of water4 ,from these pails the cream is carefully taken and sent to market4 ,the skimmed milk is then placed in a large vat and heated1 by means of steam pipes to about #hj4 ,then the rennet is put in4 ,from twenty to thirty minutes suffices for curdling1 and the mass is then stirred to separate the curd from the whey4 ,after which it is heated still more2 and then the whey1 passing off through a strainer1 goes to feed hogs1 while the curd remains in the vat1 to be salted and worked before putting into the presses4 ,in two or three hours the curds become hard enough for the canvas to be put upon them ready for the shelves4 ,very carefully they must then be watched1 lest the fly lying in wait for them makes in them a snug house for her family4 ,greasing and turning must be a daily labor1 and some weeks must pass before they are sufficiently cured for market4 ,for the benefit of city consumers1 who are paying ten and twelve cents a quart for milk1 from a tenth to a quarter of which is not infrequently pure ,croton1 we may add that the highest price the farmer ever gets for his milk is seven cents a quart2 and he sometimes sells it for as low as two cents and a half4 ,our friends1 the milkmen1 have1 therefore1 it will be seen1 a pretty good margin for freight and profit4 99 99 99 99 99 ,improved ,hay ,elevator4 ,the method most generally used for elevating hay is evidently not the most economical application of the power of horses for the accomplishment of the purpose desired4 ,the tackle involves a great deal of friction1 and as the quantity which can be thus raised at once is1 probably1 on the average1 not more than from #aej to #bjj lbs1 much more time is employed in re-adjusting the fork1 than would be the case if a larger quantity were elevated4 ,the invention under consideration supplies a means whereby it is claimed hay may be unloaded with far greater facility than heretofore1 with less labor to the team and with fewer hands than are at present employed4 ,a primary gear wheel is propelled horizontally by a lever worked by a horse4 ,the primary gear impels a pinion keyed to the shaft of a windlass1 upon which is wound the elevating rope1 whenever the clutch1 ,a1 is made to operate through the cord and lever1 ,b4 ,this cord runs over a pulley on the under side the wood framework at ,c1 and its further end may be held in the hand of the workman on the hay load1 who1 when he has properly adjusted the fork1 pulls the cord which operates the clutch1 and the fork-full of hay is at once elevated4 ,the cylinder of the windlass1 not being keyed to the shaft1 only operates when the clutch is closed by the cord4 ,the horse1 or horses which furnish power to the machine1 may1 therefore1 keep on traveling in the same direction1 and no time is lost in stopping and backing1 as in the method in general use4 ,illustration3 ,,derr',s ,,capststan ,,for ,,elevating ,,hay ,,forks4 ,there is no doubt but that this is a cheap1 durable1 and desirable machine1 and one that can be used to great advantage1 not only for the elevation of hay1 but for many other purposes4 ,we think it would be found a decided improvement in discharging cargoes of coal from barges1 and for handling coal in storage yards4 ,the inventor claims that twice as much hay can be raised in a given time by its use1 as can be done by the old method2 and it dispenses with one hand at the barn or stack4 ,a coupling at ,d1 enables attachments to be made1 which extend the usefulness of the machine very much4 ,it may be used as a power for driving wood saws1 cutting fuel1 thrashing1 and other work where a simple horse power is desirable4 ,address for further information1 ,wm4 ,derr1 ,tiffin1 ,ohio4 99 99 99 99 99 ,,competitors ,,for ,,prizes4--,the interest that our friends have taken in obtaining additional names to send with their own subscriptions to the ,,scientific ,,american for the coming year1 is without a parallel4 ,the clubs sent by competitors for the cash prizes are not so many or so large as we expected1 but the number of applicants for the steel plate engraving exceeds our expectation4 99 99 99 99 99 ,the ,emperor of ,france is said to be interested in the art of flying and to have given money to fledge some inventions4 99 99 99 99 99 ,,improvement ,,in ,,lamp ,,wicks4 ,our engravings show a novel substitute for the cotton lamp wick4 ,the wick1 two forms of which are shown in ,figs4 #a and #b1 are made of glass1 and are filled preferably with pulverized gypsum1 although any finely-ground stone1 mineral1 or metal may be employed4 ,the bottom of the glass tube is closed by wire gauze1 or other suitable strainer1 through which the fluid flows2 and is carried by the capillary attraction of the pounded material to the top of the wick4 ,thus a permanent wick is obtained1 which may be employed with any form of lamp1 and will last for an indefinite time4 ,it may also be used in connection with an open cup1 which the inventor terms a poor man's lamp4 ,a perforated card is laid upon the top of the cup or tumbler as a support to the wick4 ,illustration ,it may be used either with or without a chimney1 and it is claimed that with good kerosene oil it is perfectly safe1 and consumes less of it1 while it may be also used as a candle4 ,patented through the ,scientific ,american ,patent ,agency1 ,september #ad1 #ahfi1 by ,edward ,d4 ,boyd1 of ,helena1 ,ark4 ,address for rights1 etc41 the patentee1 as above1 or ,jos4 ,p4 ,branch1 #bgg ,fulton street1 ,brooklyn1 ,n4,y4 99 99 99 99 99 ,great ,transformation4 ,seven years ago1 says the ,port ,said correspondence of the ,london ,news1 there was nothing to distinguish ,ismailla or the smiling lake before you from the rest of the desert1 and all was sand4 ,it is the canal which has raised up the numerous handsome villas and fine gardens4 ,fresh water is all that is needed to turn the arid desert into a fruitful soil2 and the supply of this is provided by the subsidary canal which the company has formed side by side with that broad salt one which now unites two worlds4 ,wonderful stories are told of the productiveness of the gardens1 and a walk through any of those belonging to the leading officials stationed at ,ismailla is to verify them all4 ,vines with large bunches of grapes pendent from their branches2 orange trees with green fruit just showing a golden tint2 ivy1 roses1 geraniums from ,england1 and an endless variety of rich tropical plants are all flourishing4 ,in the centre of the town is a square with trees and a building clothed with rich creepers in its midst4 ,everything here looks ,french4 ,a handsome boulevard runs down to the point of embarkation1 the streets and squares are on the true ,parisian model1 and there are cafes1 billiard rooms1 and cafe chantants which might easily belong to ,nantes or ,lyons4 ,there are of course huge gaps where the houses and shops will be2 the roads are1 many of them1 still of sand2 camels draw carts1 and generally pervade the place in long strings2 but with all this you are kept in a state of wonder during your stay at ,ismailla at the marvelous conversion which has taken1 place under your eyes4 99 99 99 99 99 ,american agricultural implements are highly praised in newspaper reports of the ,metropolitan ,cattle ,show1 held recently in ,london4 99 99 99 99 99 ,moore's ,rural ,new ,yorker ,for ,dec4 #be contains a splendid full page ,engraving of the ,,prize ,,fowls at the recent ,state ,poultry ,show--the ,best ,poultry ,picture ever given in an ,american newspaper4--,also1 a magnificent ,,christmas ,,picture1 and other fine ,illustrations4 ,for sale by all ,newsdealers2 price #h cents4 ,see advertisement of ,,rural in this paper4 99 99 99 99 99 ,,business ,,and ,,personal4 ,the ,charge for ,insertion under this head is ,one ,dollar a ,line4 ,if the ,notices exceed ,four ,lines1 ,one ,dollar and a ,half per line will be charged4 99 99 99 99 99 ,to ascertain where there will be a demand for new machinery or manufacturers' supplies read ,boston ,commercial ,bulletin's manufacturing news of the ,united ,states4 ,terms1 #d4jj a year4 ,ties1 timber1 and lumber seasoned by steam1 without a building4 ,costs #b1 worth #bj per ,m4 ,stops eramacausis4 ,h4,g4 ,bulkley1 ,n4,y4 ,wanted--,light ,machinery or ,articles to ,manufacture4 ,work done in a neat1 prompt manner4 ,address ,w4,e4 ,bradner ,co41 #ac ,mulberry st41 ,newark1 ,n4,j4 ,pyrites wanted--,containing ,gold1 ,silver1 or ,copper4 ,address ,a4,g4 ,hunter1 ,jackson1 ,mich4 ,those wishing articles of metal or light machinery manufactured1 will find it for their interest to address ,j4,b4 ,heald1 ,milford1 ,n4,h4 ,one horizontal stationary steam engine1 with variable cut-off1 #fj-;,h4,p42 one plain do41 #be-;,h4,p42 one do41 #bj-;,h4,p42 one ,portable #ab-;,h4,p41 on hand and for sale low4 ,albertson ,douglass ,machine ,co41 ,new ,london1 ,conn4 ,for sale cheap--,good #b;d-hand plate iron4 #ej plates #c-h thick1 #db inches wide1 #abj inches long4 ,been used #c months for a floor4 ,price #c cents per lb4 ,address box #aceb1 ,norwich1 ,conn4 ,the head draftsman of a locomotive works1 just closed1 desires another engagement4 ,familiar with stationary1 marine1 or locomotive machinery4 ,unexceptionable references4 ,watkins1 #ac ,dutch st41 ,n4,y4 ,wanted--,iron ,planer about #d ft41 describe same and price1 ,geo4 ,s4 ,grier1 ,milford1 ,del4 ,wanted--,best ,water ,filter for ,household purposes4 ,frank ,alexander1 ,box #cgfi1 ,new ,york4 ,a ,brick ,machine wanted4 ,address ,a4 ,hansen1 ,sumter1 ,s4,c4 ,for ,sale for want of use--,a #c-;,horse portable steam engine and boiler1 in perfect running order4 ,address ,b4,s4 ,nichols ,co41 ,burlington1 ,vt4 ,patent ,rights bought and sold by ,r4,t4 ,bradley ,co41 #aca ,fourth st41 ,cincinnati1 ,ohio4 ,peck's patent drop press4 ,for circulars1 address the sole manufacturers1 ,milo ,peck ,co1 ,new ,haven1 ,ct4 ,every wheelwright and blacksmith should have one of ,dinsmore's ,tire ,shrinkers4 ,send for circular to ,r4,h4 ,allen ,co41 ,postoffice ,box #cgf1 ,new ,york4 ,for ,small ,engine ,lathes1 with foot-power1 ,hand ,lathes1 ,bolt or ,terret ,cutters1 ,planers1 etc41 address ,w4,e4 ,bradner ,co41 ,newark1 ,n4,j ,aneroid ,barometers made to order1 repaired1 rated1 for sale and exchange1 by ,c4 ,grieshaber1 #ajg ,clinton ,st41 ,new ,york4 ,foundery and ,machine ,business4--,experience with some capital1 wants an engagement4 ,south or ,west preferred4 ,address ,box ,e4,e41 ,catskill1 ,n4,y4 ,foreman in a ,machine ,shop--,a person having ten years experience in that capacity is desirous of forming a new engagement4 ,address1 with particulars1 ,postoffice ,box #aai1 ,la ,crosse1 ,wis4 ,makers of ,pipe ,cutting and ,tapping and ,screwing ,machines send circulars1 without delay1 to ,forest ,city ,pipe works1 ,cleveland1 ,o4 ,for ,best ,spring-bed ,bottoms address ,s4,c4 ,jennings1 ,wautoma1 ,wis4 ,parties having patents or patent goods to sell1 send for ,the ,national1 ,buffalo1 ,n4,y41 #a per year1 #aj;c4 single copy4 ,back ,nos41 ,vols41 and ,sets of ,scientific ,american for sale4 ,address ,theo4 ,tusch1 ,no4 #cg ,park ,row1 ,new ,york4 ,mineral ,collections--#ej selected specimens1 including gold and silver ores1 #ae4 ,orders executed on receipt of the amount4 ,l4 ,j ,feuchtwanger1 ,chemists1 #ee ,cedar st41 ,new ,york4 ,the ,babcock ,wilcox ,steam ,engine received the ,first ,premium for the ,most ,perfect ,automatic ,expansion ,valve ,gear1 at the late ,exhibition of the ,american ,institute4 ,babcock1 ,wilcox ,co41 #dd ,cortlandt st41 ,new ,york4 ,for best quality ,gray ,iron ,small ,castings1 plain and fancy ,apply to the ,whitneyville ,foundery1 near ,new ,haven1 ,conn4 ,keuffel ,esser1 #ga ,nassau st41 ,n4,y41 the best place to get #ast-class ,drawing ,materials1 ,swiss ,instruments1 and ,rubber ,triangles and ,curves4 ,foot ,lathes--,e4,p4 ,ryder's improved--#bbj ,center st41 ,n4,y4 ,those wanting latest improved ,hub and ,spoke ,machinery1 address ,kettenring1 ,strong ,lauster1 ,defiance1 ,ohio4 ,for tinmans' tools1 presses1 etc41 apply to ,mays ,bliss1 ,brooklyn1 ,n4,y4 ,mill-stone dressing diamond machine1 simple1 effective1 durable4 ,also1 ,glazier's diamonds4 ,john ,dickinson1 #fd ,nassau st41 ,new ,york4 ,send #c-;cent stamp for a circular on the uses of ,soluble ,glass1 or ,silicates of ,soda and ,potash4 ,manufactured by ,l4 ,j4,w4 ,feuchtwanger1 ,chemists and ,drug ,importers1 #ee ,cedar st41 ,new ,york4 ,glynn's ,anti-,incrustator for ,steam ,boiler--,the only reliable preventative4 ,no foaming1 and does not attack metals of boiler4 ,liberal terms to ,agents4 ,c4,d4 ,fredricks1 #ehg ,broadway1 ,new ,york4 ,cold ,rolled--,shafting1 piston rods1 pump rods1 ,collins pat4 double compression couplings1 manufactured by ,jones ,laughlins1 ,pittsburgh1 ,pa4 ,for solid wrought-iron beams1 etc41 see advertisement4 ,address ,union ,iron ,mille1 ,pittsburgh1 ,pa41 for lithograph1 etc4 ,machinists1 boiler makers1 tinners1 and workers of sheet metals read advertisement of the ,parker ,power ,presses4 ,diamond carbon1 formed into wedge or other shapes for pointing and edging tools or cutters for drilling and working stone1 etc4 ,send stamp for circular4 ,john ,dickinson1 #fd ,nassau st41 ,new ,york4 ,the paper that meets the eye of manufacturers throughout the ,united ,states--,boston ,bulletin1 #d4jj a year4 ,advertisements #ag;c4 a line4 ,winans' boiler powder1 #aa ,wall st41 ,n4,y41 removes ,incrustations without injury or foaming2 #ab years in use4 ,beware of ,imitations4 99 99 99 99 99 ,,answers ,,to ,,correspondents4 ,correspondents who expect to receive answers to their letters must1 in all cases1 sign their names4 ,we have a right to know those who seek information from us2 besides1 as sometimes happens we may prefer to address correspondents by mail4 ,,special ,,note4--,this column is designed for the general interest and instruction of our readers1 not for gratuitous replies to questions of a purely business or personal nature4 ,we will publish such inquiries1 however1 when paid for as advertisemets at #a4jj a line1 under the head of ,business and ,personal4 ,all reference to back numbers should be by volume and page4 99 99 99 99 99 ,c4,h4,g41 of ,n4,y4--,to make pure nitrate of silver1 dissolve pure silver in pure nitric acid1 evaporate the solution to dryness1 or1 if crystals are preferred1 evaporate until the solution is sufficiently concentrated to form crystals4 ,if you can not get pure silver1 you may purify it by dissolving coin in nitric acid1 filtering the solution and precipitating the silver in the form of a chloride by hydrochloric acid4 ,next wash the precipitate with hot water until the washings cease to redden litmus paper4 ,next mix the pure chloride of silver while yet moist with its own weight of pure crystallized carbonate of soda1 place the mixture in a covered porcelain crucible and heat very gradually until the fusing point of silver is reached4 ,the reduced silver will be pure and may be removed by breaking the crucible4 ,wash the button thoroughly with hot water to remove the flux4 ,in dissolving the pure silver thus obtained in nitric acid1 it is better to use an excess of acid2 the excess will be driven off by heat in evaporation4 ,g4,b41 of ,iowa4--,nominal horse power is merely a conventional expression for diameter of cylinder and length of stroke1 and does not apply to the actual power of the engine4 ,it is found by multiplying the cube root of the stroke in feet by the square of the diameter in inches and dividing the product by #dg4 ,this rule is based upon the postulate established by ,watt1 that the speed of a piston with two feet stroke is #afj feet per minute1 and that for longer strokes the speed varies as the cube roots of the length of the stroke4 ,it is needless to say this rule is not observed in modern practice1 yet the expression1 nominal horse power1 is like many other relics of past time still retained4 ,the above rule does not apply to high pressure engines4 ,for such engines ,bourne has given the following rule3 ,multiply the square of the diameter of the cylinder in inches by the cube root of the stroke in feet1 and divide by #ae4f4 ,the real power of an engine is estimated from the mean effective pressure in the cylinder--not the boiler--and the speed of the piston4 ,your data are insufficient to determine the horse power of your boiler4 ,the horse power of boilers is estimated from the extent of heating surface when the grate and all other things are correctly proportioned1 but with them as with engines1 only actual test will positively determine it4 ,the pipe you mention ought to be enlarged as proposed4 ,w4,h4,r41 of ,mass4--,pressure acts independently of the mode of application4 ,a tun laid upon the head of a wedge would produce the same effect as though it were applied through toggles4 ,when1 however1 a weight is dropped its effect increases as the square of its velocity4 ,j4,b41 of ,n4,y4--,we recommend you to get ,appleton's ,dictionary of ,mechanics4 ,also send for descriptive catalogue to ,henry ,carey ,baird1 ,philadelphia1 from which you will be able to judge for yourself what works are suited to your requirements4 ,t4,d4,h41 of ,mass4--,ammonia1 in a weak solution1 may be used to cleanse the scalp1 but is not recommended for the purpose4 ,borax in solution is better4 ,the supposed preservation of the color of the hair by its use is a mistake4 ,f4,b4,h41 of ,ill4--,so far as we know1 nothing better than the flax seed bag has been discovered for packing the lower end of tubes in artesian wells4 ,we have never heard of any trouble arising from the method and think you will have none4 ,l4,g4 of ,mass4--,express the decimal ratio of the diameter of a circle to the circumference to which you refer1 as a mixed vulgar fraction1 and you will have what you ask for1 if we understand your query4 ,a4,h4,s41 of ,sandwich ,islands4--,we know of no substance that in our opinion1 could be used advantageously to paint the interior of sheet-iron evaporating pans for concentrating cane juice4 ,l4,b41 of ,wis4--,we would be glad to assist you but the data you furnish are not sufficient4 ,the accurate solution of such a problem involves the higher mathematics4 ,a4,h4,m4--,all animal and mineral oils are destructive to rubber4 ,linseed oil will not dissolve it4 ,oils should not be allowed to get on rubber belting4 ,t4,w4,j41 of ,pa4--,for your rollers try some emery mixed in a solution of gum shellac in good alcohol4 ,e4,b41 of ,mass4--,the patent can be corrected by reissue4 ,j4,m4,t41 of ,ind4--,to find the proper area for a safety valve port1 when the evaporating surface is properly proportioned to the engine power1 multiply the square of the diameter of the piston in inches by the speed in feet of the piston per minute1 and divide the product by #cge times the pressure on the boiler per square inch4 ,having decided upon the length of the lever1 the distance of the valve stem from the fulcrum1 and the point from which the weight will be suspended1 the weight necessary will be found by multiplying the area of the valve port in inches into the pressure per square inch in the boiler in pounds1 and this product into the distance of the center of the valve stem from the fulcrum in inches1 and dividing the product thus obtained by the distance from the fulcrum to the point of suspension of the weight in inches4 ,the quotient will give the weight in pounds4 ,a4,k4,s41 of ,ohio4--,the inclination of the poles of a planet to the plane of its orbit1 determines its zones and also its seasons4 ,the inclination of the earth's axis is twenty-three and one half degrees4 ,this places the tropics the same distance each side of the equator1 and the polar circles the same distance from the poles4 ,the torrid zone is therefore forty-seven degrees wide1 and the temperate zones each forty-three degrees wide4 ,as the planets vary in their inclination of their axis to the planes of their orbits1 it follows that their zones and seasons differ from those of the earth4 ,w4,h4,c41 of ,texas4--,the teeth of a circular wood saw to be driven by foot-power1 should be not larger than those of the ordinary hand crosscut4 ,the fly-wheel ought to have a rim weighing from eighty to one hundred pounds1 and it should be1 for a #ab-;inch saw1 not less than a foot in diameter4 ,it should be placed on the saw arbor4 ,the belt should not run on the fly-wheel1 but on a special pulley1 and the treadle and crank motion should be so adjusted that the foot will move through an arc of from #aj to #ab inches4 ,a4,h4,b41 of ,pa4--,we advise you to use a battery in coating the small gray castings1 of which you write1 with copper4 ,it will be all the more satisfactory in the end4 ,the best polishing material to put in with them in the tumbler we think would be leather cuttings and sweepings4 ,they will not need returning to the tumbler after being coppered4 ,we recommend you to get ,byrne's ,practical ,metalworkers ,assistant1 published by ,henry ,carey ,baird1 ,philadelphia4 ,j4,h4,g41 of ,tenn4--,don't put oil in your boiler to prevent incrustation4 ,it will not probably do any good1 and it will cause much foaming1 while besides that it is a waste of heat1 it is injurious to engines4 ,s4,s4,r41 of ,tenn4--,no ammoniacal engines are1 so far as we are aware1 running in this country4 ,c4,e4,c41 of ,ohio4--,the varnish for patterns is common shellac varnish4 ,it is sometimes made black by lampblack4 99 99 99 99 99 ,,recent ,,american ,,and ,,foreign ,,patents4 ,under this heading we shall publish weekly notes of some of the more prominent home and foreign patents4 99 99 99 99 99 ,,mop4--,philip ,cook1 ,jr41 ,sioux ,city1 ,iowa4--,this invention relates to a new and useful improvement in mops1 whereby they are so arranged that they may be wrung or freed from water when in use by moving the slides connected with the handle and head of the mop4 ,,ventilating ,,horse ,,cover4--,charles ,p4 ,eager1 ,boston41 ,mass4--,this invention relates to a new horse cover1 which is so arranged that it will be entirely waterproof1 and nevertheless permit a free escape of air from the body of the animal4 ,,car ,,coupling4--,s4,o4 ,campbell1 ,tipton1 ,mo4--,this invention relates to a new car coupling1 which is so arranged that it will be self-coupling and retain the coupling pin ready to lock as long as the link is not inserted4 ,,gas ,,stove4--,wm4 ,j4 ,hays1 ,new ,york city4--,this invention has for its object to construct a gas stove1 with an extender radiating surface1 and with proper air channels1 so that with a comparatively small amount of heat1 the air in an ordinary-sized room can be properly warmed4 ,,scribe ,,hook ,,for ,,weather ,,boarding4--,john ,nester1 ,portland1 ,oregon4--,this invention relates to a new scribe hook for weather-boards1 which will be generally useful and adaptable to the purposes for which it is intended and to provide an adjustable spur and marker4 ,,railroad ,,smoke ,,conveyer4--,lemuel ,powell1 ,milford1 ,conn4--,the object of this invention is to prevent the smoke and ashes1 issuing from the smoke stack of a locomotive1 from entering the cars of the train and from thereby preventing the proper ventilation of the cars4 ,,drill ,,for ,,boring ,,polygonal ,,holes4--,j4,c4 ,broadley1 ,franklin1 ,n4,j4--,this invention relates to a new implement for boring polygonal1 oval1 star-shaped1 or holes of other suitable form1 in metal1 wood1 or other material4 ,the invention consists chiefly in arranging the pattern1 which regulates the shape of the hole to be bored1 on the upper part of the drill shank1 and in having the bit shanks1 which are pivoted to the lower part of the drill shank1 held by means of springs against the inner edges of the inverted cup-shaped pattern4 ,,roofing4--,h4,g4 ,noble1 ,selma1 ,ala4--,this invention relates to improvements in roofing1 and consists in covering roofs with sheet metal1 laid on the rafters and nailed down at the edges1 so as to be considerably concaved between them1 the joints on the rafters being covered by inverted caps or troughs4 ,the concave form of the sheet is designed to prevent the sheet metal from cracking1 to which it is subject by expansion and contraction when laid on flat4 ,,washing ,,machine4--,john ,j4 ,kimball ,naperville1 ,ill4--,this invention relates to improvements in washing machines1 and consists in an improved arrangement of operating mechanism for revolving a vertically suspended shaft with a crank at the top1 and carrying within the tub a corrugated or roughened rubber1 for action on the clothes4 ,the invention also comprises an improved arrangement of the rubber1 whereby it is made capable of sliding up or down on the shaft1 according to the amount of clothes to be acted on4 ,,bolt ,,cutter4--,o4,e4 ,butler and ,s4,p4 ,dunham ,marshalltown1 ,iowa4--,this invention relates to improvements in hand instruments for cutting bolts1 and consists in the combination with the handles of an instrument1 such as patented to the inventors1 ,january #ai1 #ahfi1 as an improved instrument for sharpening horseshoes1 of a cutting pin of peculiar construction1 whereby the said tool is adapted1 when this cutter is applied in substitution of the cutter and jaw1 is used for sharpening horseshoes1 to cut off the ends of bolts with great facility4 ,,shaft ,,tug ,,lugs ,,for ,,harness4--,t4,j4 ,magruder1 ,marion1 ,ohio4--,this invention relates to improvements in the construction and application of shaft tug lugs for harness1 and consists in forming the said lugs with broad and long plates1 properly curved to suit the curve of the pad1 and connecting the latter to the under sides of the skirts and to the pads in a way to stiffen the skirt and to hold the stud securely from breaking loose1 the said lugs being made solid with a screw nut at the end to confine the bearing straps1 or hollow1 with female screw threads near the base1 and bolts screwing into the said female threads to secure the bearing straps and to admit of readily applying or removing the straps so that the harness may be adapted for use either as single or double harness4 ,,harness ,,buckle4--,j4,w4 ,burch1 ,fayette1 ,miss4--,the object of this invention is to provide buckles for harness and other uses1 with tongues constructed in the form of leather punches1 whereby they may be used at any time required for punching holes4 ,,humming-,,wheel ,,toy4--,a4,f4 ,able1 ,new ,orleans1 ,la4--,this invention relates to improvements in humming wheel toys1 having for its object to provide an improved holding apparatus for supporting and maintaining the proper tension on the cords1 and designed to support the cords of two or more wheels at the same time4 ,,combined ,,clothes ,,ironing ,,table ,,and ,,clothes ,,dryer4--,william ,p4 ,adams1 ,brooklyn1 ,n4,y4--,this invention relates to a new and useful improvement in an article for the laundry1 and consists in an adjustable ironing table1 and in combination therewith a clothes dryer4 ,,seed ,,and ,,grain ,,stripper4--,j4,f4 ,king and ,h4,a4 ,rice1 ,louisiana1 ,mo4--,the object of this invention is to provide a seed and grain stripper1 with light and strong fingers1 capable of adjustment as to hight1 and arranged in a way to vary the spaces between the teeth at the point of stripping the heads for straw of different sizes4 ,,clothes ,,wringer4--,m4,m4 ,follett1 ,lake ,city1 ,minn4--,this invention relates to a new apparatus for applying pressure to the rollers of a wringer with an object of obtaining equal and adjustable power without any danger to the rubber of the rollers or to the articles to be dried4 ,,auger ,,handle4--,james ,swan1 ,seymour1 ,conn4--,the object of this invention is to provide a cheap1 simple1 and durable handle for augurs for boring in wood1 one which shall require no fitting except to make the augur enter the socket1 and which shall be of such size and shape that the shanks of ordinary augurs shall enter without any fitting at all4 ,,candlestick4--,h4 ,zahn1 ,san ,francisco1 ,cal4--,this invention relates to a new and useful improvement in candlesticks1 and consists in the use of a thumb screw in combination with the candlestick tube1 whereby the candle is kept steady1 and in a perpendicular position in the stick1 and firmly held without the use of springs or other attachment4 ,,washing ,,machine4--,j4,s4 ,merchant1 ,hopedale1 ,ohio4--,this invention relates to new and useful improvements in machines for washing clothes4 ,,packing ,,cases ,,for ,,oil ,,cans4--,john ,mc,leod ,murphy1 ,new ,york city4--,this invention consists of an arrangement especially adapted for use with cans provided with an improved cut off nozzle1 which is the subject of an application for a patent1 made by the same inventor and bearing even date herewith1 which said improvement comprises the application to the ordinary vertical nozzles of a lateral spout connected to the side1 and arranged to open an escape passage for the contents when the said spout is turned with the right position1 which position is that best adapted for pouring from the can into another vessel1 and in which the said spout projects through a slot in the side of the packing case in closing it1 the said case being provided with an opening and a door for closing the same adapted for it4 ,,washing ,,machine4--,edward ,heim1 ,pittsburgh1 ,pa4--,this invention relates to a new machine for washing clothes1 and consists in the introduction of several improvements whereby the machine is adapted to thoroughly clean coarse as well as fine articles without injury to the same1 and in a comparatively short time4 ,,padlock--,john ,s4 ,rankin1 ,ann ,arbor1 ,mich4--,the object of this invention is to provide a simple1 cheap1 and efficient construction and arrangement of the locking and operating parts of padlocks4 ,the invention consists in an improved and simple compound tumbler bolt and relative arrangement thereof with the bow and bow spring4 ,,grain ,,drill4--,jacob ,f4 ,gibson1 ,chestnut ,level1 ,pa4--,this invention relates to a seed tube pivoted in its drag bars1 in such manner that it may yield to an immovable obstruction4 ,,propelling ,,machinery ,,of ,,cotton ,,gins4--,wm4 ,l4 ,may1 ,linwood1 ,ala4--,this invention has for its object to effect such arrangement of machinery as will enable a cotton gin to be run at a materially reduced expense4 ,,snow ,,plow4--,thomas ,l4 ,shaw1 ,omaha1 ,nebraska4--,this invention relates to a snow plow1 for a locomotive engine1 which takes up a load of snow1 is then borne back out of the cut by the engine1 and dumps its load when arrived at a clear space4 ,,beehive4--,w4,t4 ,kirkpatrick1 ,tamarva1 ,ill4--,this invention relates to improvements in beehives1 and consists in the combination with beehives in a peculiar way1 of a moth box1 and moth passage thereto1 calculated to entice the moths away from the bee passage and prevent them from entering thereat4 ,,seeding ,,machine4--,m4,f4 ,lowth and ,t4,j4 ,howe1 ,owatonna1 ,minn4--,this invention relates to that class of seeders which employ a revolving cylinder1 having pockets in its periphery1 and placed at the bottom of the hopper which contains the seed1 the function of the pockets being to receive seed1 when right side up1 and drop it when inverted4 ,,upright ,,piano4--,geo4 ,c4 ,manner1 ,new ,york city4--,this invention consists in placing the strings of an upright piano in an inclined position in the frame instead of a perpendicular one1 as heretofore1 for the purpose of enabling the hammer handle to be pivoted so near the strings that when the hammer head is driven up against them1 it shall necessarily fall back again by its own weight4 ,,carpet ,,cleaner4--,alexander ,stevenson1 ,new ,york city4--,this invention relates to new and useful improvements in carpet cleaning devices1 having for its object to provide a simple and efficient apparatus consisting of a yielding bed1 brushing rollers1 moving rollers1 and a beating apparatus1 whereby the carpet1 being bound upon a roller1 or rollers1 may be moved along1 from time to time1 over the said yielding bed and brushing rollers1 and be beaten and brushed4 ,,cotton ,,cultivator4--,i4,w4 ,burch1 ,fayette1 ,miss4--,this invention comprises a pair of plows suspended from the frame of a truck so as to work on both sides of the row1 for barring off or scraping the weeds and earth away from the row1 also1 a pair of rotary cutters having oblique blades for throwing away from the plants1 and designed1 also1 to work on both sides of the rows1 and closer to the plants than the plows1 both sets of devices having vertical vibration4 ,,water ,,wheel--,geo4 ,w4 ,cressman and ,burt ,pfleger1 ,barren ,hill1 ,pa41 and ,nice ,keely ,roxborough1 ,pa4--,this invention relates to improvements in turbine wheels designed to produce an arrangement of the gates within the bucket rim 7the water being secured from below1 and the wheel being made hollow1 for the reception of the water1 and to provide space for the said gate71 in a manner calculated to relieve the wheel of pressure from the water1 either in an upward or downward direction4 ,,attaching ,,fly ,,and ,,mosquito ,,bars ,,to ,,windows1 ,,doors1 ,,etc4--,james ,hebron1 ,buffalo1 ,n4,y4--,this invention relates to improvements in attaching fly and mosquito bars to window sashes or frames1 doors1 or other light frames to be used in combination with window frames or doors1 and consists in attaching one edge of the cloth to a round or other shaped bar or rod of wood or metal1 by binding thereon and sewing1 passing the thread spirally around the bar or rod1 and then securing the rod to the sill or frame1 either on the surface thereof1 or in a groove formed therein1 then stretching the cloth across the window and securing it by clamping another rod down upon it by staples1 either in a groove or not1 and1 in some cases1 securing the ends in a similar way4 ,it is also proposed to stretch the cloth over or under these rods4 ,,adjustable ,,stovepipe ,,thimble4--,h4,n4 ,bill1 ,willimantic1 ,conn4--,this invention relates to improvements in thimbles for the passage of stovepipes through the walls into flues1 and consists in providing a vertically-sliding thimble plate in a metallic frame1 having a long opening1 and adapted for insertion in an opening through the wall1 so as to support the thin plate at or about the line of the face of the flue wall1 so that the plate may be drawn up or down to vary the hight of the thimble for pipes of different vertical lengths4 ,the invention1 also1 comprises an improved mode of attaching the thimbles to this plate by means of radial studs at the rim1 separated from the main part of the rim and bent inward so as to pass through slots in the thimble plate around the hole1 to engage behind the edge of the plate by turning the thimbles on their axes a short distance after being passed through the slots1 while the main part of the rims of the said thimbles bear against the front face of the thimble plate and cover the slots when so turned4 ,,combined ,,hay ,,rake ,,and ,,tedder4--,john ,c4 ,mills1 ,palmyra1 ,n4,y4--,this invention relates to a new and useful improvement in combining two important agricultural machines in one 7or combining a tedder with a hay rake71 and it consists in the construction of the tedder and the arrangement of the same in combination with the rake4 ,patented ,dec4 #g1 #ahfi4 ,,post-,,hole ,,auger4--,geo4 ,seeger and ,chas ,h4 ,shaffer1 ,clark's ,hill1 ,ind4--,this invention relates to a post hole boring apparatus1 mounted upon a wheelbarrow1 and the invention consists in providing the barrow with legs that may be either turned up out of the way or adjusted at any required angle so as to keep the barrow level when on uneven ground4 ,,self-,,dropper ,,for ,,reapers4--,t4,f4 ,lippencott1 ,conemaugh1 ,pa4--,this invention has for its object to furnish an improved self-dropper for reapers1 which shall be so constructed as to operate automatically1 to fall and deposit the grain and to rise to receive another supply1 making the gavels all of about the same size4 ,,plowing ,,machine4--,albert ,bondeli1 ,philadelphia1 ,mo4--,this invention has for its object to furnish an improved machine for preparing the ground to receive seed1 and which shall be so constructed and arranged as to prepare the ground more thoroughly and put it in better condition to receive seed1 and which shall be so constructed and arranged as to prepare the ground more thoroughly and put it in better condition to receive the seed than when the ordinary plows are used4 ,,expanding ,,triple ,,shovel ,,plows4--,edward ,wiard1 ,louisville1 ,ky4--,this invention has for its object to furnish an improved triple shovel plow1 which shall be so constructed and arranged that the shovels may be conveniently expanded and contracted1 or set at any desired pitch1 and1 at the same time1 in such a way as to be securely held in any desired position4 ,,sewing ,,machine4--,l4,w4 ,lathrop1 ,nyack1 ,n4,y4--,this invention relates to improvements in sewing machines1 and consists in certain improvements in mechanism for forming the loop1 and for conveying the binding thread through the same1 in a manner to prevent the contact of the binding thread spool1 or its carrier1 with the thread of the needle1 and thereby to avoid wearing the same1 and to produce more easily operating parts2 also1 a secure1 permanent1 and reliable arrangement of apparatus1 and calculated also to be more certain to form the stitch4 ,,poetable ,,derrick4--,j4,r4 ,hammond1 ,sedalia1 ,mo4--,this invention has for its object to furnish an improved derrick1 simple in construction1 effective in operation1 and easily moved from place to place1 designed especially for use in connection with the improved rake1 thrasher1 loader1 and stacker1 patented by the same inventor ,nov4 #cj1 #ahfi1 but equally applicable for other uses4 ,,wagon ,,seat ,,fastener4--,charles ,collins1 ,vernon ,centre1 ,n4,y4--,this invention relates to improvements in means for holding detachable wagon or sleigh seats to the boxes1 and consists in the application to the seat risers of hooks with spring stops1 adapted for engaging staples in the boxes below the said hooks1 and for being held in such engagement by the spring stops1 until disengaged by the operator for removing the seats4 ,,velocipede4--,william ,volk1 ,buffalo1 ,n4,y4--,this invention relates to a new three-wheeled velocipede1 which is so arranged that the driving wheels1 although mounted on separate axles1 will make equal numbers of revolutions1 as long as the machine is to be kept in a straight direction1 while they can be disconnected when the device is to be turned in a circle4 ,,coffin ,,handles4--,clark ,strong1 ,winsted1 ,conn4--,this invention relates to new and useful improvements in coffin handles1 and consists in the construction1 arrangement1 and combination of parts4 ,,loom4--,lyman ,stone1 ,nelson1 ,n4,h4--,this invention relates to improvements in power looms1 and has for its principal object to provide an arrangement and construction of the same1 calculated to furnish looms of equal or greater efficiency than those now in use1 but occupying very much less space1 so as to economize materially in room1 where large numbers are used on a floor1 as is the case in factories2 not only in respect of the space occupied by the loom itself1 but also in respect of the space required for the passages or aisles between the rows of looms4 ,the invention also comprises improved let-off and take-up mechanisms1 also1 an improvement in cloth beams2 also1 an improved picker motion1 inducing a novel adjusting arrangement for the picker operating cams1 also1 an improved construction of treadle cams1 whereby an equal capacity of throw is obtained with less size and friction1 and with less power1 and whereby they are guarded to prevent accidents to the attendant while cleaning when the loom is in operation4 ,,paper ,,file4--,c4,w4 ,west1 ,shiloh1 ,n4,j4--,this invention relates to a new paper file1 which is a compound of two bars that can be tied together so that the paper will be securely clasped between them2 the strings for tying them being arranged in a peculiar manner to draw them firmly together4 ,,rolling ,,blotter4--,c4,a4 ,gale1 ,demopolis1 ,ala4--,this invention has for its object to provide an improved rolling blotter1 which shall be so constructed and arranged that the blotting pads maybe conveniently removed when required1 and replaced with new ones4 ,,dump ,,wagon4--,daniel ,willson1 ,ishpeming1 ,mich4--,this invention has for its object to furnish a simple1 strong1 and convenient dump wagon1 which shall be so constructed and arranged that it maybe dumped when required1 by backing the team4 ,,sewing ,,machine ,,soap ,,holder4--,mary ,dewey1 ,new ,albany1 ,ind4--,this invention relates to a new device for soaping the cloth that is fed under the needle of a sewing machine1 and consists in the attachment of a tubular soap holder to the presser foot of a sewing machine4 ,,monkey ,,wrench4--,samuel ,zarley1 ,niantic1 ,ill4--,this invention has for its object to furnish an improved monkey wrench1 which shall be simple in construction1 strong1 durable1 and easily and quickly adjusted to the nut to be unscrewed4 ,,animal ,,trap4--,adam ,brown1 ,bridgeport1 ,oregon4--,this invention relates to improvements in traps for rats1 squirrels1 and other animals1 and consists in the application through an opening in the side of a box1 of a detachable chute extending some distance into the box1 forming a passage thereinto the walls of which are armed with spring points arranged in the usual way to permit ingress and prevent egress2 the floor of the passage is elevated to form a chamber below for inclosing the bait1 so that it cannot all be readily devoured4 ,the invention also comprises in connection with the above1 the application to the side walls of the box1 which is open at the top1 of projecting sheets of metal to prevent the animals from climbing out2 also the application to the top of tilting shelves for discharging any animals that may climb up the outside of the box1 and on to the same4 ,,shingle ,,packer4--,robert ,taylor1 ,west ,pensaukie1 ,wis4--,this invention relates to improvements in apparatus for pressing and holding the bunches of shingles for binding them1 and consists of the arrangement on a suitable bench1 having end walls for gaging the piling of the shingles at the thick ends1 of a pair of vertically sliding bars1 a transverse passing bar1 and a set of gear wheels1 shaft1 and hand lever1 the said wheels gearing with the vertically sliding bars which are toothed for the purpose in such a way that the hand lever may be used to force the transverse bar1 which is connected to the upper end of the sliding bar down upon the bundle of shingles across the center1 pressing and holding the bundle till fastened4 ,,registering ,,apparatus ,,for ,,vehicles4--,thomas ,ollis1 ,netherfield road1 ,south ,liverpool1 ,england4--,this invention consists in the application of apparatus similar to that used for stamping or indorsing purposes for registering or indicating the number of passengers that have traveled by an omnibus or other vehicle4 ,,steam ,,and ,,caloric ,,engines4--,alexander ,hendry1 ,victoria1 ,british ,columbia4--,this invention consists in an improved arrangement of jacketed cylinders1 and jacketed furnace1 constituting a water space1 for generating steam by the radiating heat of the furnace1 and arranged to envelope the cylinders with water to prevent injury by the gases and heat2 also an improved arrangement of chambered pistons1 for keeping the same filled with water to counteract the action of the heat upon the same1 also1 certain improvements in chambered valves1 and valve operating devices1 the said chambered valves and rods being supplied with water1 also to prevent injury by the heat and the gases1 and the invention also comprises an arrangement of the furnace calculated to separate and distribute the gases and effect the most perfect combustion4 ,,cotton ,,baskets4--,r4,s4 ,myers1 ,washington1 ,n4,c4--,this invention relates to improvements in baskets for carrying cotton1 especially when ginned and consists in providing the cotton baskets of the ordinary form and construction with large holes through the center of the bottom1 whereby in emptying the said baskets the operator may insert his hand and push the cotton out by one effort in a mass1 whereas1 by the present arrangement it must be pulled out from the mouth1 which takes much more time1 as in this way it only comes out in small quantities4 ,,note ,,case4--,alphonzo ,button1 ,dunkirk1 ,n4,y4--,this invention relates to improvements in note or paper cases or files for inclosing notes1 papers1 bills1 etc41 in a simple1 cheap1 and convenient portable package for the use of bankers and other business men4 ,it consists of a cylindrical case of leather or other light suitable material having an opening from end to end covered by a flap1 a central revolving spool1 and a web of flexible substance connected to and wound on the spool so as to be drawn out through the opening and wound up again1 on which web any suitable arrangement of narrow flaps folding over from the edges and connected by elastic bands1 in a way to secure papers1 notes1 etc41 in different and separate sections1 may be arranged as now arranged in pocket books4 ,,pump4--,a4,c4 ,judson1 ,grand ,rapids1 ,ohio4--,this invention consists in the arrangement of two dish shaped metal disks with a diaphragm of leather between them1 and another leather diaphragm above1 adapted for the better support of the water in lifting2 it also consists of an arrangement for operating the pump rod without lateral vibration1 so that it may be packed tightly in the tube to prevent foul matter and vermin from getting in4 ,,paneling1 ,,molding1 ,,and ,,carving ,,machine4--,a4,s4 ,gear1 ,new ,haven1 ,conn4--,this machine performs all of the work of the well known ,variety ,molding ,machine1 and in addition molds and carves any desired pattern of panel work1 and simultaneously dovetails both mortise and tenon4 ,the wood to be carved is fastened firmly to the bed of the machine by movable clamps adjustable to suit any required size of wood1 and the cutters are fastened to a spindle moved by a universal joint in any direction upon the bed of the machine4 ,the cutter is guided by hand1 the guide resting against the pattern4 ,the carving can be gaged to any required depth1 and made to conform to any required pattern4 ,a fan blows away chips as fast as they are produced1 leaving the work constantly in view of the operator4 ,the same tool which cuts the mortise also cuts the tenon1 the two pieces of work to be dovetailed being clamped together to the end of the table4 ,every kind of finish hitherto made upon the edges of lumber1 and which has heretofore been mitered and glued upon the face to create a finish1 is planed1 beaded1 and molded upon the piece itself by this machine4 ,,washing ,,boilers4--,john ,p4 ,sherwood1 ,fort ,edward1 ,n4,y4--,this invention has for its object to improve the construction of that class of washing boilers in which the clothes are washed by the water as it boils being projected down upon the clothes to percolate through them1 and thus remove the dirt4 ,and it consists in the construction and combination of the various parts4 ,,toy ,,velocipede4--,h4,c4 ,alexander1 ,new ,york city4--,this invention has for its object to furnish an improved toy velocipede4 ,,brick ,,machine4--,thomas ,smurfit1 ,davisville1 ,mich4--,this invention has for its object to furnish an improved brick machine1 which shall be strong1 durable1 simple in construction1 and effective in operation1 making the bricks rapidly and well4 ,,trunks1 ,,etc4--,thomas ,b4 ,peddie1 ,newark1 ,n4,j4--,this invention has for its object to improve the construction of trunks1 valises1 portmanteaus1 pellesiers1 traveling bags1 etc41 so as to adapt them to receive and carry a portfolio in such a way that while carrying it safely1 it may be conveniently removed when required for use4 ,,seed ,,planter4--,david ,c4 ,woods1 ,waxahatchie1 ,texas4--,this invention has for its object the construction of a seed planter1 which will deposit the seeds in the requisite quantities and the proper distances apart1 and which will cover and mark the hills1 so that a plowman will not be at a loss where to start at the commencement of a new row1 and after having passed around tree stumps or other obstructions1 as he can always see the marks on the preceding rows4 ,,washing ,,machine4--,joseph ,balsley1 ,bedford1 ,ind4--,this invention has for its object to improve the construction of the machine known as the ,egyptian ,washing ,machine1 so as to make it more convenient in use and more effective in operation4 ,,dental ,,impression ,,cup ,,for ,,lower ,,jaw4--,robert ,v4 ,jenks1 ,paterson1 ,n4,j4--,this invention has for its object to furnish an improved impression cup for use in taking a cast of the lower jaw1 to form a model of said jaw to fit the plate upon1 which shall be so constructed as to enable the dentist to take a more perfect cast than is possible with impression cups constructed in the ordinary manner4 ,,show ,,card ,,suspension ,,ring4--,h4,s4 ,griffiths1 ,new ,york city4--,this invention has for its object to furnish an improved suspension ring for suspending show cards1 which shall be simple in construction and easily attached to the cards1 and which shall1 at the same time1 be so formed as to take a firm hold upon the card1 and not be liable to tear out4 ,,refrigerator4--,samuel ,ayres1 ,danville1 ,ky4--,this invention relates to improvements in refrigerators1 and consists in certain improvements in the construction and arrangement for excluding the external atmosphere1 distributing the cold by means of the ice1 and also the water resulting therefrom2 for economizing space1 and for providing convenient access to all the different parts4 ,,cinder ,,and ,,dust ,,arrester ,,for ,,car ,,windows4--,edwin ,norton1 ,brooklyn1 ,n4,y4--,this invention relates to improvements in apparatus for preventing the cinders and dust from being blown into the cars1 when in motion1 through the open windows1 and consists in the application to the cars at the sides of the windows1 on the exterior1 by hinging thereto or by other equivalent connection1 small guard plates of wood or other substance to project outwardly in a right or other suitable or preferred angle1 at the side of the window1 to arrest the cinder and dust moving rearward alongside of the car1 and conduct it below the windows1 the said guard plates being arranged so that those on the side of the windows in the direction of the movement of the train may be adjusted to the operating position while the others are folded back against the side of the car4 ,,hose ,,coupling4--,william ,j4 ,osbourne1 ,new ,york city4--,this invention relates to a new and useful improvement in couplings for hose pipe1 whereby the parts of a hose are united in a more perfect manner than by the ordinary hose coupling4 ,,saw ,,guide4--,john ,trunick1 ,muscatine1 ,iowa4--,this invention relates to a new and useful improvement in means for guiding circular saws and keeping them to the true saw line4 ,,square1 ,,gage1 ,,and ,,level4--,josiah ,potts1 ,milwaukee1 ,wis4--,this invention relates to a new and useful improvement in a tool for mechanics' use and consists in combining with a try square1 a spirit level and a surface gage4 ,,extension ,,muff ,,block4--,c4,f4 ,butterworth1 ,troy1 ,n4,y4--,this invention relates to a new and useful improvement in blocks for forming and stretching muffs in the process of manufacturing that article4 ,,hay ,,and ,,grain ,,elevator4--,john ,dennis1 ,oswego1 ,n4,y4--,this invention has for its object to furnish an improved device1 to be used in connection with the improved hay and grain elevator1 patented by the same inventor1 ,september #ba1 #ahfi1 and numbered #ie1jjf1 for the purpose of moving the whole load of hay or grain when elevated to any desired part of the barn before unloading it4 ,,miller ,,trap ,,for ,,beehives4--,t4,l4 ,gray1 ,thomasville1 ,tenn4--,this invention relates to a device for catching millers1 or other insects1 in their attempts to gain entrance into beehives4 ,,valve ,,gear4--,thomas ,e4 ,evans1 ,william ,r4 ,thomas1 and ,joshua ,hunt1 ,catasauqua1 ,pa4--,this invention relates to a new and useful improvement in the mode of operating valves of steam engines1 more especially designed for pumping engines1 but applicable to other purposes or to valves of steam and water engines generally4 ,,water ,,wheel4--,henry ,w4 ,mc,auley1 ,de ,soto1 ,wis4--,this invention consists in certain improvements in the form and arrangements of the buckets and in chutes for delivering the water thereto4 ,,self-,,loading ,,hay ,,wagon4--,james ,capen1 ,charlton1 ,mass4--,this invention relates to improvements in hay loaders1 and consists in the application to the rear end of a hay wagon of an endless elevator case and rake1 the latter having spring teeth1 and arranged for adjustment by means of a hand lever at the front and suitable connecting devices2 and the elevator is connected with one or both of the hind wheels of the wagon by machine chains or belts for operation4 ,,elevator4--,francis ,stein and ,henry ,haering1 ,new ,york city4--,this invention consists in the application to a pair of vertical ports or ways with toothed racks1 of a carriage or platform having a shaft provided with a gear wheel at or near each end1 and gearing into the toothed rack2 also1 having in suitable cases sliding on the posts a set of hoisting gears1 gearing with the toothed racks and operated by hand cranks1 and provided with ratchet wheels1 holding pawls1 and friction apparatus1 arranged in a peculiar way for elevating the platform1 holding it in any desired position or governing its descent4 ,,folding ,,and ,,extension ,,table4--,c4 ,mayer1 ,sullivan1 ,ill4--,this invention relates to improvements in tables1 and consists in arranging the side rails of the top of the frame1 which are enlarged at the center and hinged to the posts for folding against the cross rails1 when the top1 which is detachably connected1 is removed1 for economy of space and convenience1 in packing for transportation or storage2 also in arranging the legs for folding up against the under edge of the cross rails2 also in an improved arrangement of the side rails for extension4 ,,manufacture ,,of ,,scoops4--,s4 ,geo4 ,knapp1 ,woodhaven1 ,n4,y4--,this invention relates to an improved mode of manufacturing sheet-metal flour1 grain1 and other scoops1 and consists in forming the bowls in one piece of metal1 without seams or joints1 by stamping up sheets of metal into the form of a trough1 with a flange around the top1 and cutting the same transversely in the center1 with blanks for the bowls of two scoops1 to be finished by trimming or shaping the cut ends1 turning down the flange at the top1 for stiffening either over wire or not and attaching the handle2 the object being to produce scoops with bowls formed in one piece1 and shaped at the base or in the part where the handles are connected1 and to smoothly effect an economy of labor by stamping two blanks at one blow of the drop press1 and also to control the metal under the action of the drop better in shaping the deep curved part of the base so as to upset and stiffen the blanks thereat4 ,,boring ,,machine4--,e4,c4 ,barton1 ,bloomsburg1 ,pa4--,this invention relates to improvements in wood-boring machines1 whereby it is designed to provide a simple and efficient arrangement of frame operating devices and feeding table for boring light articles to be presented to the machine by hand4 ,,hasp ,,lock4--,e4,r4 ,culver1 ,new ,london1 ,conn4--,this invention relates to improvements in that class of locks where the locking devices are incased within a hasp1 and a hook is used in connection with the hasp for locking1 or independently for fastening the door without locking4 ,,water ,,wheels4--,w4,j4 ,thompson1 ,springfield1 ,mo4--,this invention relates to improvements in that class of horizontally running wheels1 which receive the water from above or below on curved buckets taking the water at one side and discharging it at the other1 and it consists of an improved arrangement of vertically oscillating gates1 which1 when open1 form chutes for the water2 it also consists of an improved means for working the gates4 ,,pipe ,,coupling4--,j4,d4 ,ware1 ,savannah1 ,ga4--,this invention relates to improvements in pipe couplings1 and consists in forming a dovetailed groove across the end of one part1 with an annular recess in the bottom around the bore for a packing ring1 and fitting on the other part a dovetailed projection for engaging in the groove1 and in arranging on one of the parts an eccentric ring to work against the head of the projection and force it tightly into the groove4 ,,fire ,,grates4--,g4,w4 ,everhart1 ,louisville1 ,ky4--,this invention relates to improvements in that class of fire grates used for heating rooms1 and consists in so arranging them as to provide a clear air space between the basket and the walls of the fire-place1 both at the back and ends1 for the admission of air more directly at these parts1 for the better combustion of the coal and the gases arising therefrom2 it also consists in providing a recess in the hearth or bottom of the fire-place under the grate1 for the reception of ash pans of greater capacity than can be contained on the top of the hearth1 whereby a much larger quantity of cinders and ashes may be received and retained1 so that less frequent removals of the same will be required4 ,,apparatus ,,for ,,sewing ,,saddlery ,,and ,,other ,,leather1 ,,or ,,strong ,,materials4--,auguste ,jacques ,hurtu and ,victor ,joseph ,hautin1 ,paris ,france4--,this invention relates to apparatus more especially applicable for sewing leather1 saddlery1 harness1 and other similar work with waxed thread1 and consists first1 in the improved apparatus of this invention1 two needles are employed1 the one sewing as an awl1 and the other carrying the thread2 the two needles have at the same time a vertical movement and also an adjustable horizontal movement4 ,the needles are operated alternately1 so that the needle may pass the thread through the hole made just previously by the awl1 before the leather has been moved forward4 ,by this means the sewing may be carried on with great regularity1 and the material be turned in any direction in order to execute small designs4 ,secondly1 the invention relates to improvements in the arrangement of the shuttle1 whereby it is caused to pass through the loops formed by the waxed thread without touching it4 ,,packing ,,and ,,atomizing ,,can4--,f4,l4 ,palmer1 ,sr41 ,new ,york city4--,this invention relates to improvements in cans for packing insect powder and other like finely powdered substances which1 in use1 require to be delivered in atomic jets for penetrating crevices where insects secrete themselves1 and it consists in providing such cans with stoppers having nozzles1 through which stoppers or nozzles the passages are temporarily closed in a way to be readily opened for use2 also1 in providing the cans with nozzles at or near the bottom temporarily plugged in which tubes may be connected so that the powder may1 when required for use1 be readily blown out in atomic jets1 whereby the said cans are made to subserve the uses of packing cans and discharging atomizing cans1 with but trifling additional expense1 whereas1 at the present time1 users of such powders are compelled to buy expensive atomizing cans1 to which the powder must be transferred from the packing cans1 before it can be properly used1 or in the absence of such cans the powder is scattered in an ineffectual and wasteful way in or about the resorts of the insects4 ,,remedy ,,tor ,,rheumatism4--,h4,h4 ,munroe1 ,louisville1 ,ky4--,this invention relates to a new and useful improvement in a remedy for rheumatism4 99 99 99 99 99 ,,new ,,books ,,and ,,publications4 ,,elocution ,,and ,,oratory4 ,giving a ,thorough ,treatise on the ,art of ,speaking and ,reading4 ,with numerous ,selections of ,didactic1 ,humorous1 and ,dramatic ,styles4 ,the author of this valuable treatise is ,prof4 ,charles ,a4 ,wiley1 of ,fort ,plain1 ,n4,y4 ,the instructions are valuable and the selections admirable2 and we can very cordially recommend it to all who would improve either in speaking or reading4 ,such a book is worthy a place in every family4 ,,specimens ,,of ,,fancy ,,turning ,,executed ,,on ,,the ,,hand ,,or ,,foot ,,lathe4 ,with ,geometric1 ,oval1 and ,eccentric ,chucks1 and ,elliptical ,cutting ,frame4 ,by an ,amateur4 ,illustrated by ,thirty exquisite ,photographs4 ,philadelphia3 ,henry ,carey ,baird1 ,industrial ,publisher1 #djf ,walnut ,street4 ,the beauty of these photographs is indescribable2 they must be seen to be appreciated4 ,the designs from which they were taken were executed by a gentleman well known to us1 and who is undoubtedly one of the most expert turners on this continent4 ,the price of the work by mail1 free of postage1 is #c4jj4 ,,the ,,national ,,wages ,,tables1 ,showing at a glance the ,amount of ,wages1 from ,half an ,hour to ,sixty ,hours at #a to #cg per ,week1 also from ,one ,quarter of a ,day to ,four ,weeks1 at #a to #cg per ,week4 ,by ,nelson ,row1 ,publisher1 ,no #adi ,fulton street1 ,new ,york4 ,this little work1 which our readers will find advertised in another column1 must prove an almost indispensable help in the counting rooms of establishments employing large numbers of workmen at varying rates of wages4 ,it is one of the best things of the kind we have ever seen1 and we give it earnest commendation4 ,,directions ,,for ,,cooking4 ,by ,miss ,leslie4 ,price1 by mail1 #a4ej4 ,henry ,carey ,baird1 of ,philadelphia1 has just published a new edition of ,miss ,leslie's ,old ,standard and ,renowned ,cookery1 being the sixtieth edition of a book which has stood the test of time and practice1 and is a valuable aid in every household4 ,,benny4 ,s4,r4 ,wells1 of this city1 has published in pretty form ,benny1 a ,christmas ballad1 by ,annie ,chambers ,ketchum1 a poem which has already appeared in the ,phrenological ,journal4 ,the prospectus of ,,every ,,saturday1 for #ahgj1 by ,fields1 ,osgood ,co4 of ,boston1 promises to give us that excellent journal in a new and enlarged form1 with the additional attraction of illustrations1 engraved from designs by leading ,european artists4 ,this publication will therefore hereafter present weekly1 not only the cream of ,european literature1 but the cream of ,european art4 ,the high character of the publishers of this journal is an ample guarantee that this promise will be fulfilled in the most satisfactory manner4 ,,lippincott',s ,,magazine1 for ,january1 also presents a varied and select bill of fare1 containing among other things1 ,part ,,xiii4 of ,robert ,dale ,owen's novel ,beyond the ,breakers1 ,the ,fairy and the ,ghost1 a ,christmas tale1 with six amusing illustrations2 a curious and interesting article on ,literary ,lunatics1 by ,wirt ,sikes1 ,our ,capital1 by ,william ,r4 ,hooper1 and very much more excellent matter in the way of stories poems1 and essays4 ,the ,mobile ,weekly ,register1 the oldest ,democratic paper in the ,south1 is said to have reached a larger circulation than was ever attained by any journal ,south of ,mason and ,dixon's line4 ,it is full of interesting varied matter1 having an able agricultural department1 presided over by the veteran editor and successful agriculturist1 ,hon4 ,c4,c4 ,langdon4 ,its general literature1 poetry1 stories1 etc41 make it highly acceptable to the ladies4 ,the year will open with a new continued story1 of deep interest1 by one of the most distinguished writers of the day4 ,the price was recently reduced to #c4jj per year1 which1 for so large a paper 7#ab pages71 is extremely cheap4 ,we have received the ,january number of ,demorest's ,mirror of ,fashions1 a work that interests the ladies4 ,also ,demorest's ,young ,america1 a fine magazine for boys and girls4 ,both these serials are well published by ,mr4 and ,madame ,demorest of this city4 99 99 99 99 99 ,u4,s4 ,patent ,office ,how to ,obtain ,letters ,patent for ,new ,inventions4 ,information about ,caveats1 ,extensions1 ,interferences ,designs1 ,trade ,marks2 also1 ,foreign ,patents4 ,for a period of nearly twenty-five years1 ,,munn ,,co4 have occupied the position of leading ,solicitors of ,american and ,european ,patents1 and during this extended experience of nearly a quarter of a century1 they have examined not less than fifty thousand alleged new inventions1 and have prosecuted upward of thirty thousand applications for patents1 and1 in addition to this1 they have made1 at the ,patent ,office1 over twenty thousand preliminary examinations into the novelty of inventions1 with a careful report on the same4 ,the important advantages of ,,munn ,,co4',s ,agency are1 that their practice has been ten-fold greater than that of any other ,agency in existence1 with the additional advantage of having the assistance of the best professional skill in every department1 and a ,branch ,office at ,washington1 which watches and supervises1 when necessary1 cases as they pass through official examination4 ,,consultations ,,and ,,opinions ,,free4 ,those who have made inventions and desire a consultation are cordially invited to advise with ,,munn ,,co4 who will be happy to see them in person at the office1 or to advise them by letter4 ,in all cases1 they may expect an ,,honest ,,opinion4 ,for such consultations1 opinion1 and advice1 ,,no ,,charge is made4 ,a pen-and-ink sketch and a description of the invention should be sent4 ,,to ,,apply ,,for ,a ,,patent1 a model must be furnished1 not over a foot in any dimension4 ,send model to ,,munn ,,co41 #cg ,park ,row1 ,new ,york1 by express1 charges paid1 also1 a description of the improvement1 and remit #af to cover first ,government fee1 and revenue and postage stamps4 ,the model should be neatly made1 of any suitable materials1 strongly fastened1 without glue1 and neatly painted4 ,the name of the inventor should be engraved or painted upon it4 ,when the invention consists of an improvement upon some other machine1 a full working model of the whole machine will not be necessary4 ,but the model must be sufficiently perfect to show with clearness the nature and operation of the improvement4 ,,preliminary ,,examination is made into the patentability of an invention by personal search at the ,patent ,office1 among the models of the patents pertaining to the class to which the improvement relates4 ,for this special search1 and a report in writing1 a fee of #e is charged4 ,this search is made by a corps of examiner of long experience4 ,inventors who employ us are not required to incur the cost of a preliminary examination4 ,but it is advised in doubtful cases4 ,,cost ,,of ,,applications4 ,when the model is received1 and first ,government fee paid1 the drawings and specification are carefully prepared and forwarded to the applicant for his signature and oath1 at which time the agency fee is called for4 ,this fee is generally not over #be4 ,the cases are exceptionally complex if a higher fee than #be is called for1 and1 upon the return of the papers1 they are filed at the ,patent ,office to await ,official examination4 ,if the case should be rejected for any cause1 or objections made to a claim1 the reasons are inquired into and communicated to the applicant1 with sketches and explanations of the references2 and should it appear that the reasons given are insufficient1 the claims are prosecuted immediately1 and the rejection set aside1 and usually ,,without ,,extra ,,charge ,,to ,,the ,,applicant4 ,,munn ,,co4 are determined to place within the reach of those who confide to them their business1 the best facilities and the highest professional skill and experience4 ,the only cases of this character1 in which ,,munn ,,co4 expect an extra fee1 are those wherein appeals are taken from the decision of the ,examiner after a second rejection2 and ,,munn ,,co4 wish to state very distinctly1 that they have but few cases which can not be settled without the necessity of an appeal2 and before an appeal is taken1 in any case1 the applicant is fully advised of all facts and charges1 and no proceedings are had without his sanction2 so that all inventors who employ ,,munn ,,co4 know in advance what their applications and patents are to cost4 ,,munn ,,co4 make no charge for prosecuting the rejected claims of their own clients before the ,examiners and when their patents are granted1 the invention is noticed editorially in the ,,scientific ,,american4 ,,rejected ,,cases4 ,,munn ,,co4 give very special attention to the examination and prosecution of rejected cases filed by inventors and other attorneys4 ,in such cases a fee of #e is required for special examination and report1 and in case of probable success by further prosecution1 and the papers are found tolerably well prepared1 ,,munn ,co4 will take up the case and endeavor to get it through for a reasonable fee1 to be agreed upon in advance of prosecution4 ,,caveats ,are desirable if an inventor is not fully prepared to apply for a ,patent4 ,a ,caveat affords protection1 for one year1 against the issue of a patent to another for the same invention4 ,caveat papers should be carefully prepared4 ,the ,government fee on filing a ,caveat is #aj1 and ,,munn ,co4's charges for preparing the necessary papers are usually from #aj to #ab4 ,,reissues4 ,a patent when discovered to be defective1 may be reissued by the surrender of the original patent1 and the filing of amended papers4 ,this proceeding should be taken with great care4 ,,designs1 ,,trade ,,marks1 ,,and ,,compositions can be patented for a term of years1 also1 new medicines or medical compounds1 and useful mixtures of all kinds4 ,when the invention consists of a medicine or compound1 or a new article of manufacture1 or a new composition1 samples of the article must be furnished1 neatly put up4 ,also1 send a full statement of the ingredients1 proportions1 mode of preparation1 uses1 and merits4 ,,patents ,,can ,,be ,,extended4 ,all patents issued prior to #ahfa1 and now in force1 may be extended for a period of seven years upon the presentation of proper testimony4 ,the extended term of a patent is frequently of much greater value than the first term2 but an application for an extension1 to be successful1 must be carefully prepared4 ,,munn ,co4 have had a large experience in obtaining extensions1 and are prepared to give reliable advice4 ,,interferences ,between pending applications before the ,commissioners are managed and testimony taken2 also1 ,assignments1 ,agreements1 and ,licenses prepared4 ,in fact1 there is no branch of the ,patent ,business which ,,munn ,co4 are not fully prepared to undertake and manage with fidelity and dispatch4 ,,foreign ,,patents4 ,american inventors should bear in mind that five ,patents--,american1 ,english1 ,french1 ,belgian1 and ,prussian--will secure an inventor exclusive monopoly to his discovery among ,,one ,,hundred ,,and ,,thirty ,,millions of the most intelligent people in the world4 ,the facilities of business and steam communication are such1 that patents can be obtained abroad by our citizens almost as easily as at home4 ,,munn ,co4 have prepared and taken a larger number of ,european ,patents than any other ,american ,agency4 ,they have ,agents of great experience in ,london1 ,paris1 ,berlin1 and other ,capitals4 ,a ,pamphlet1 containing a synopsis of the ,foreign ,patent ,laws1 sent free4 ,address ,,munn ,,co41 #cg ,park ,row1 ,new ,york4 99 99 99 99 99 ,official ,list of ,patents4 ,issued by the ,united ,states ,patent ,office ,,for ,,the ,,week ,,ending ,,dec4 #ad1 #ahfi4 ,reported ,officially for the ,scientific ,american ,,schedule ,,of ,,patent ,,office ,,fees3 ,on each caveat #aj ,on filing each application for a ,patent 7seventeen years7 #ae ,on issuing each original ,patent #bj ,on appeal to ,commissioner of ,patents #bj ,on application for ,reissue #cj ,on application for ,extension of ,patent #ej ,on granting the ,extension #ej ,on filing a ,disclaimer #aj ,on an application for ,design 7three and a half years7 #aj ,on an application for ,design 7seven years7 #ae ,on an application for ,design 7fourteen years7 #cj ,in addition to which there are some small revenue-stamp taxes4 ,residents of ,canada and ,nova ,scotia pay #ejj on application4 ,for copy of ,claim of any ,patent issued within #cj years #a ,a sketch from the model or drawing1 relating to such portion of a machine as the ,claim covers1 from #a upward1 but usually at the price above-named4 ,the full ,specification of any patent issued since ,nov4 #bj1ahff1 at which time the ,patent ,office commenced printing them #a4be ,official ,copies of ,drawings of any patent issued since #ahcf1 we can supply at a reasonable cost1 the price depending upon the amount of labor involved and the number of views4 ,full information1 as to price of drawings1 in each case1 may be had by addressing ,,munn ,,co41 ,patent ,solicitors1 ,no4 #cg ,park ,row1 ,new ,york4 99 99 99 99 99 #ig1gea4--;,,fluting ,,machine4--,henry ,b4 ,adams1 ,new ,york city4 #ig1geb4--;,,elastic ,,washer ,,for ,,carriages1 ,,etc4--,george ,w4 ,billings1 ,chicago1 ,ill4 ,antedated ,december #d1 #ahfi4 #ig1gec4--;,,adjustable ,,wagon ,,bottom ,,and ,,chute4--,abraham ,bitner1 ,jr41 ,lancaster1 ,pa4 #ig1ged4--,,mode ,,of ,,treating ,,conglomerates ,,of ,,cast ,,iron4--,thomas ,schoenberger ,blair1 ,pittsburgh1 ,pa4 #ig1gee4--;,,animal ,,trap4--,john ,blume1 ,mount ,pleasant1 ,md4 #ig1gef4--;,,electro-,,magnetic ,,advertising ,,frame4--,joshua ,brooks1 7assignor to himself and ,benjamin ,e4 ,corlew71 ,boston1 ,mass41 ,antedated ,december #a1 #ahfi4 #ig1geg4--,,lamp ,,extinguisher4--,wm4,i4,bunker1 ,yankton1 ,dakota ,territory4 #ig1geh4--,,machine ,,for ,,polishing ,,the ,,edges ,,of ,,boot ,,and ,,shoe ,,soles4--,robert ,f4 ,burns1 ,albany1 ,n4,y4 #ig1gei4--;,,beehive4--,peter ,campbell1 ,carrolltown1 ,pa4 #ig1gfj4--,,railway ,,gate4--,peter ,campbell1 ,carrolltown1 ,pa4 #ig1gfa4--,,reducing ,,ores4--,thomas ,j4 ,chubb1 ,williamsburg1 ,n4,y4 ,antedated ,june #ad1 #ahfi4 #ig1gfb4--,,machine ,,for ,,bending ,,and ,,folding ,,sheet ,,metal4--,james ,b4 ,clark and ,lucas ,c4 ,clark1 ,plantsville1 ,conn4 #ig1gfc4--,,saw ,,swage4--,joseph ,s4 ,clark1 ,new ,york city4 #ig1gfd4--,,sash ,,holder4--,nelson ,c4 ,cole 7assignor to himself and ,leverett ,h4 ,marvin71 ,beaver ,dam1 ,wis4 #ig1gfe4--,,machine ,,for ,,crimping ,,and ,,forming ,,the ,,front ,,of ,,boots4--,christopher ,day1 ,mineral ,point1 ,wis4 ,antedated ,november #cj1 #ahfi4 #ig1gff4--,,water ,,heater ,,for ,,culinary ,,purposes4--,royal ,e4 ,deane1 ,brooklyn1 ,n4,y4 #ig1gfg4--,,pump4--,joseph ,w4 ,douglas1 ,middletown1 ,conn41 assignor to ,w4 ,b4 ,douglas4 #ig1gfh4--;,,depurator4--,s4 ,c4 ,frink and ,l4 ,d4 ,harlan1 ,indianapolis1 ,ind4 #ig1gfi4--,,shutter ,,fastener4--,charles ,b4 ,goodrich1 ,jr41 ,boston1 ,mass4 #ig1ggj4--,suspended4 #ig1gga4--,,manufacture ,,of ,,glue4--,george ,guenther1 ,chicago1 ,ill41 assignor to himself and ,e4 ,h4 ,heymann1 ,new ,york city4 #ig1ggb4--,,shade ,,rings ,,for ,,lamp ,,burners4--,hiram ,w4 ,hayden 7assignor to ,holmes1 ,booth ,haydens71 ,waterbury1 ,conn4 #ig1ggc4--,,lamp4--,hiram ,w4 ,hayden 7assignor to ,holmes1 ,booth ,haydens71 ,waterbury1 ,conn4 #ig1ggd4--;,,fluting ,,machine4--,frederick ,hewitt1 ,bloomfield1 ,n4,j4 #ig1gge4--,,wagon ,,brake4--,abram ,c4 ,jaques1 ,levenworth1 ,kansas4 #ig1ggf4--,,wick-,,trimmer ,,for ,,lamps4--,e4,c4,jenkins1 ,jr41 ,worcester1 ,mass4 ,antedated ,december #aa1 #ahfi4 #ig1ggg4--,,lumber ,,dryer4--,jesse4,b4 ,johnson and ,thomas ,e4 ,johnson1 ,indianapolis1 ,ind4 #ig1ggh4--,,turbine ,,water ,,wheel4--,julius ,h4 ,jones1 ,charlton1 ,mass4 #ig1ggi4--;,,hydraulic ,,engine4--,henry ,j4 ,king and ,benton ,l4 ,beebe1 ,middletown1 ,n4 ,y4 #ig1ghj4--;,,breech-,,loading ,,revolving ,,firearms4--,francois ,alexandre ,le ,mat1 ,new ,orleans1 ,la41 assignor to ,charles ,pietroni1 ,london1 ,england4 #ig1gha4--;,,composition ,,for ,,covering ,,steam ,,boilers ,,and ,,for ,,other ,,purposes4--,ferdinand ,leroy 7,ferdinand ,leroy1 administrator71 of ,commercial ,road1 ,london1 ,england1 assignor to himself and ,p4 ,a4 ,victor ,le ,luoez1 ,england4 #ig1ghb4--,,wine ,,and ,,cider ,,mill4--,edward ,c4 ,lewis1 ,benton ,harbor1 ,mich4 #ig1ghc4--;,,excavator4--,john ,r4 ,lewis1 ,piper ,city1 ,ill4 #ig1ghd4--;,,band ,,tightener4--,francis ,m4 ,lottridge1 ,portland1 ,ind41 assignor to himself1 ,james ,m4 ,templer1 and ,james ,c4 ,jay4 ,antedated ,december #ad1 #ahfi4 #ig1ghe4--;,,clod ,,fender4--,francis ,m4 ,lowden and ,john ,d4 ,lowden1 ,lawrence1 ,ind4 #ig1ghf4--,,shaft ,,tug ,,lug ,,for ,,harness4--,t4,j4,magruder1 ,marion1 ,ohio4 #ig1ghg4--,,ships ,,or ,,vessels ,,for ,,carrying ,,liquid ,,cargo4--,john ,w4 ,marshall1 ,gilman ,joslin1 and ,nelson ,curtis1 ,boston1 and ,oliver ,edwards1 ,brookline1 ,mass4 #ig1ghh4--;,,fastening ,,for ,,corsets4--,frank ,w4 ,marston1 ,boston1 ,mass4 ,antedated ,november #cj1 #ahfi4 #ig1ghi4--;,,cart ,,saddle4--,w4,b4,mc,clure1 ,alexandria1 ,va4 #ig1gij4--,,potato ,,digger4--,philip ,c4 ,mc,manus1 ,troy1 ,n4,y4 ,antedated ,december #g1 #ahfi4 #ig1gia4--,,washing ,,machine4--,j4,s4,merchant1 ,hopedale1 ,ohio4 #ig1gib4--,,railway ,,rail4--,james ,montgomery1 ,croton ,landing1 ,n4,y4 #ig1gic4--,,washing ,,machine4--,wm4 ,morgan1 ,middlebrook1 ,va4 #ig1gid4--;,,compound ,,for ,,treating ,,rheumatism4--,h4,h4,munroe1 ,louisville1 ,ky4 #ig1gie4--,,scribe ,,hook4--,john ,nester1 ,portland1 ,oregon4 #ig1gif4--,,roofing4--,h4,g4,noble1 ,selma1 ,ala4 #ig1gig4--;,,device ,,for ,,fastening ,,pistons ,,to ,,piston ,,rods4--,anthony ,t4 ,norgan1 ,palo ,alto1 ,pa4 ,antedated ,december #g1 #ahfi4 #ig1gih4--;,,attachable ,,and ,,removable ,,calks ,,for ,,horseshoes4--,g4,s4 ,norris1 ,baltimore1 ,md4 #ig1gii4--;,,harness ,,for ,,horses4--,john ,palen1 ,lockport1 assignor to ,nathan ,t4 ,healy1 ,medina1 ,n4,y4 #ig1hjj4--,,railway ,,car ,,brake4--,thomas ,payne1 ,detroit1 ,mich4 #ig1hja4--,,saw ,,mill4--,a4 ,perin1 ,paris1 ,france4 #ig1hjb4--,,spoke ,,shave4--,joseph ,a4 ,perley 7assignor to himself and ,wm4 ,h4 ,perley71 ,lynn4 ,mass4 #ig1hjc4--,,organ ,,bellows4--,j4,r4,perry1 ,wilkesbarre1 ,pa4 #ig1hjd4--;,,apparatus ,,for ,,setting ,,cats ,,in ,,metallic ,,cartridges4--,william ,c4 ,pickersgill 7assignor to ,providence ,tool ,company71 ,providence1 ,r4,i4 #ig1hje4--;,,cap-,,extractor ,,for ,,cartridges4--,william ,c4 ,pickersgill 7assignor to ,providence ,tool ,company71 ,providence1 ,r4,i4 #ig1hjf4--;,,apparatus ,,for ,,setting ,,bullets ,,in ,,cartridges4--,william ,c4 ,pickersgill 7assignor to ,providence ,tool ,company71 ,providence1 ,r4,i4 #ig1hjg4--,,smoke ,,and ,,spark ,,conveyer ,,for ,,railroad ,,trains4--,lemuel ,powell1 ,milford1 ,conn4 #ig1hjh4--;,,convertible ,,end-,,board ,,and ,,platform ,,for ,,wagons4--,thomas ,t4 ,powell and ,john ,f4 ,burroughs1 ,lawn ,ridge1 ,ill4 #ig1hji4--,,machine ,,for ,,making ,,fly ,,nets4--,a4 ,prutzmann1 ,canton1 ,ohio4 #ig1haj4--;,,burglar ,,proof ,,safe4--,george ,w4 ,putnam1 ,boston1 ,mass4 ,antedated ,november #bg1 #ahfi4 #ig1haa4--;,,horseshoe ,,beveler4--,ephraim ,quinby1 ,comstock1 ,mich4 ,antedated ,dec4 #a1 #ahfi4 #ig1hab4--,,padlock4--,j4,s4,rankin1 ,ann ,arbor1 ,mich4 #ig1hac4--,,ship ,,windlass4--,elisha ,r4 ,ritch1 ,south ,boston1 ,mass4 #ig1had4--,,rein-,,guide ,,for ,,harness4--,lemuel ,richmond1 ,derby1 ,vt4 #ig1hae4--;,,churn4--,stacy ,risler1 ,locktown1 ,n4 ,j4 #ig1haf4--,,paper-,,cutting ,,machine4--,t4 ,c4 ,robinson1 ,boston1 ,mass41 assignor to ,g4 ,h4 ,sandborn1 ,new ,york city4 #ig1hag4--,,stone-,,polishing ,,machine4--,henry ,schofield 7assignor to himself and ,c4 ,d4 ,clarke74 ,philadelphia4 #ig1hah4--,,twist ,,drill4--,socrates ,scholfield1 ,providence1 ,r4 ,i4 #ig1hai4--,,smoke-,,consuming ,,fire ,,boxes4--,g4 ,h4 ,smith1 ,galesburg1 ,ill4 #ig1hbj4--;,,churn4--,samuel ,smith1 ,yohogany1 ,pa4 #ig1hba4--,,repeating ,,fire-,,arm4--,william ,sidney ,smoot1 ,washington1 ,d4,c4 #ig1hbb4--,,pneumatic ,,engine4--,robert ,spear1 ,new ,haven1 ,conn4 #ig1hbc4--,,machine ,,for ,,polishing ,,wood4--,w4 ,f4 ,spear1 ,worcester1 ,mass4 #ig1hbd4--;,,carpet ,,beater ,,and ,,cleaner4--,alexander ,stevenson1 ,new ,york ,city4 #ig1hbe4--,,mode ,,of ,,forming ,,burner ,,cones ,,of ,,lamps4--,c4 ,st4 ,john and ,c4 ,e4 ,marston1 ,charlestown1 ,mass4 #ig1hbf4--,,loom4--,lyman ,stone1 ,nelson1 ,n4 ,h4 #ig1hbg4--;,,coffin ,,handle4--,clark ,strong1 ,winsted1 ,conn4 #ig1hbh4--,,plow4--,z4 ,w4 ,sturtevant1 ,dunstable1 ,mass4 #ig1hbi4--,,safe4--,t4 ,j4 ,sullivan1 ,albany1 ,n4 ,y4 #ig1hcj4--;,,auger ,,handle4--,james ,swan1 ,seymour1 ,conn4 #ig1hca4--,,stove ,,shelf4--,gr4 ,l4 ,swett1 ,leominster1 ,mass4 #ig1hcb4--,,railway ,,rail4--,j4 ,f4 ,tallant1 ,burlington1 ,iowa4 #ig1hcc4--,,tool ,,for ,,cabinet ,,makers4--,r4 ,w4 ,tanner 7assignor to himself and ,samuel ,j4 ,davenport71 ,albany1 ,n4 ,y4 ,antedated ,dec4 #aa1ahfi4 #ig1hcd4--,,ticket ,,box ,,for ,,railroad ,,passenger ,,trains4--,asahel ,todd1 ,jr41 ,pultneyville1 ,n4 ,y4 #ig1hce4--;,,hydrant4--,t4 ,van ,kannel1 ,cincinnati1 ,ohio4 #ig1hcf4--,,reticule ,,wicker ,,basket4--,joseph ,venet1 ,new ,york city4 #ig1hcg4--,,velocipede4--,wm4 ,volk1 ,buffalo1 ,n4 ,y4 #ig1hch4--,,silvering ,,glass1 ,,and ,,protecting ,,the ,,same4--,h4 ,b4 ,walker1 ,new ,york city4 #ig1hci4--,,steelyard4--,p4 ,h4 ,walker 7assignor to himself and ,j4 ,l4 ,trowbridge71 ,boston1 ,mass4 #ig1hdj4--;,,barrel4--,d4 ,h4 ,waters1 ,grand ,rapids1 ,mich4 #ig1hda4--;,,barrel4--,d4 ,h4 ,waters1 ,grand ,rapids1 ,mich4 #ig1hdb4--;,,car ,,spring4--,cyrenus ,wheeler1 ,jr41 ,auburn1 ,n4 ,y4 #ig1hdc4--,,metallic ,,cartridge4--,rollin ,white1 ,lowell1 ,mass4 #ig1hdd4--;,,apparatus ,,for ,,purifying ,,iron4--,s4 ,m4 ,wickersham1 ,allegheny1 ,pa4 #ig1hde4--,,making ,,piano ,,legs4--,henry ,willoghs1 ,new ,york city4 #ig1hdf4--;,,dumping ,,wagon4--,daniel ,willson1 ,ishpeming1 ,mich4 #ig1hdg4--;,,harvester ,,knife ,,grinder4--,edwin ,l4 ,yancey1 ,batavia1 ,n4 ,y4 #ig1hdh4--;,,candlestick4--,h4 ,zahn1 ,san ,francisco1 ,cal4 #ig1hdi4--,,monkey ,,wrench4--,samuel ,zarley1 ,niantic1 ,ill4 #ig1hej4--;,,humming-,,wheel ,,toy4--,a4 ,f4 ,able1 ,new ,orleans1 ,la41 assignor to himself and ,a4 ,d4 ,finley4 #ig1hea4--;,,ironing ,,table ,,and ,,clothes ,,dryer4--,w4 ,p4 ,adams1 ,brooklyn1 ,n4 ,y4 #ig1heb4--,,sawset4--,daniel ,agnew1 ,vincennes1 ,ind4 #ig1hec4--,,mode ,,of ,,protecting ,,the ,,ends ,,of ,,vulcanized ,,rubber ,,hose4--,h4 ,a4 ,alden1 ,matteawan1 ,n4 ,y4 #ig1hed4--,,lamp ,,burner4--,joseph ,bell ,alexander1 ,washington1 ,d4,c4 #ig1hee4--;,,gate ,,for ,,swinging ,,bridges4--,lauritz ,anderson1 ,chicago1 ,ill4 #ig1hef4--;,,buttonholing ,,attachment ,,for ,,sewing ,,machines4--,s4 ,j4 ,baird1 ,staunton1 ,va4 #ig1heg4--,,oil ,,blacking ,,for ,,leather4--,j4 ,l4 ,baumer1 ,columbus1 ,ohio4 #ig1heh4--;,,head ,,block ,,for ,,saw ,,mills4--,c4 ,b4 ,beall1 ,hamilton1 ,ohio4 #ig1hei4--;,,churn ,,dasher4--,a4 ,belt1 ,newton1 ,iowa4 #ig1hfj4--;,,combined ,,shovel ,,and ,,sifter4--,f4 ,s4 ,bidwell1 ,mystic ,bridge1 ,conn4 #ig1hfa4--,,stovepipe ,,thimble4--,horatio ,n4 ,bill1 ,willimantic1 ,conn4 #ig1hfb4--;,,diving ,,bell4--,h4 ,c4 ,billings1 ,brooklyn1 ,n4 ,y4 #ig1hfc4--;,,hoe4--,lewis ,billings1 ,gallipolis1 ,ohio4 #ig1hfd4--,,steam ,,generator4--,edward ,bourne1 ,pittsburgh1 ,pa4 #ig1hfe4--,,steam ,,generator4--,edward ,bourne1 ,pittsburgh1 ,pa4 #ig1hff4--,,rivets ,,and ,,washers4--,edward ,bourne1 ,pittsburgh1 ,pa4 #ig1hfg4--,,wagon ,,brake4--,william ,h4 ,bradt1 ,new ,scotland1 ,n4,y4 #ig1hfh4--;,,drill ,,for ,,boring ,,polygonal ,,holes4--,j4,c4 ,broadley 7assignor to himself and ,jas4 ,stout71 ,franklin1 ,n4 ,j4 #ig1hfi4--,,water ,,wheel4--,j4 ,d4 ,bryson and ,j4 ,h4 ,hartsuff1 ,newcastle1 ,pa4 #ig1hgj4--;,,cotton ,,cultivator4--,i4 ,w4 ,burch1 ,fayette1 ,miss4 #ig1hga4--;,,buckle4--,i4 ,w4 ,burch1 ,fayette1 ,miss4 #ig1hgb4--;,,clamp4--,mathias ,burkhardt1 ,cincinnati1 ,ohio4 #ig1hgc4--;,,dinner ,,pail4--,n4 ,c4 ,burnap1 ,argusville1 ,n4 ,y4 #ig1hgd4--;,,bolt ,,cutter4--,o4 ,e4 ,butler and ,s4 ,p4 ,dunham1 ,marshalltown1 ,iowa4 #ig1hge4--,,padlock4--,s4 ,g4 ,cabell 7assignor to ,f4 ,b4 ,cabell71 ,quincy1 ,ill4 #ig1hgf4--,,railway ,,car ,,coupling4--,s4 #j4 ,campbell1 ,tipton1 ,mo4 #ig1hgg4--,,wrench ,,and ,,saw ,,set ,,combined4--,g4 ,j4 ,capewell1 ,west ,cheshire1 ,conn4 #ig1hgh4--,,machine ,,for ,,dressing ,,millstones4--,j4 ,s4 ,carr1 ,alliance1 ,ohio4 #ig1hgi4--;,,car ,,tank ,,cover4--,l4 ,c4 ,cattell1 ,cleveland1 ,ohio4 #ig1hhj4--,,manufacture ,,of ,,rubber ,,sponge4--,edwin ,chesterman1 ,tremont1 ,n4 ,y4 ,antedated ,nov4 #ag1 #ahfi4 #ig1hha4--,,valve ,,for ,,water ,,engines4--,abraham ,coates 7assignor for one half1 to ,james ,martin ,hunt71 ,watertown1 ,n4 ,y4 #ig1hhb4--,,shuttle ,,for ,,looms4--,john ,h4 ,coburn1 ,lowell1 ,mass4 #ig1hhc4--,,wagon ,,seat ,,fastening4--,charles ,collins1 ,vernon ,centre1 ,n4 ,y4 #ig1hhd4--;,,harvester4--,robert ,conarroe 7assignor to himself1 ,h4 ,young1 and ,a4 ,c4 ,stauffer71 ,camden1 ,ohio4 #ig1hhe4--,,mop4--,philip ,cook1 ,jr41 ,sioux ,city1 ,iowa4 ,antedated ,dec4 #aj1 #ahfi4 #ig1hhh4--,,railway ,,switch4--,j4 ,b4 ,cox1 ,james ,o',connor1 and ,michael ,cahalan1 ,columbus1 ,ga4 #ig1hhg4--,,slide ,,valve4--,isaac ,craft 7assignor to himself1 ,t4 ,j4 ,williams1 and ,c4 ,m4 ,greve71 ,cincinnati1 ,ohio4 #ig1hhh4--,,water ,,wheel4--,g4,w4 ,cressman1 and ,bert ,pfleger1 ,barren ,hill1 and ,nice ,keely1 ,roxborough1 ,pa4 #ig1hhi4--,,treating ,,whisky ,,and ,,other ,,alcoholic ,,spirits4--,j4 ,c4 ,crossman and ,obadiah ,marland1 ,boston1 ,mass41 assignors t themselves and ,a4 ,e4 ,tilton1 ,new ,york city4 #ig1hij4--;,,disintegrating ,,mill4--,g4 ,b4 ,davids 7assignor to himself and ,talbot ,denmead71 ,baltimore1 ,md1 #ig1hia4--,,machine ,,for ,,composing ,,and ,,distributing ,,type4--,isidore ,delcambre1 ,paris1 ,france4 #ig1hib4--,,soap-,,holding ,,attachment ,,for ,,sewing ,,machines4 ,mary ,dewey1 ,new ,albany1 ,ind4 ,antedated ,dec4 #aj1 #ahfi4 #ig1hic4--;,,concrete ,,for ,,paving ,,and ,,for ,,other ,,purposes4--,j4 ,e4 ,dotch1 ,washington1 ,d4 ,c4 ,antedated ,oct4 #ad1 #ahfi #ig1hid4--;,,apparatus ,,for ,,extinguishing ,,fires ,,by ,,means ,,of ,,chemical ,,agents4--,j4 ,w4 ,douglas 7assignor to ,w4 ,douglas and ,b4 ,douglas71 ,middletown1 ,conn4 #ig1hie4--,,loom ,,temple4--,warren ,w4 ,dutcher 7assignor to ,dutcher ,temple ,co471 ,hopedale1 ,mass4 #ig1hif4--,,ventilating ,,horse ,,cover4--,c4 ,p4 ,eager 7assignor to ,p4 ,b4 ,eager71 ,boston1 ,mass4 #ig1hig4--,,manufacture ,,of ,,iron ,,and ,,steel4--,wm4 ,ennis1 ,philadelphia1 ,pa4 #ig1hih4--,,seeding ,,machine4--,james ,finlayson1 ,albany1 ,oregon4 #ig1hii4--;,,clothes ,,wringer4--,m4 ,m4 ,follett1 ,lake ,city1 ,minn4 #ig1ijj4--;,,blotting ,,pad4--,c4 ,a4 ,gale1 ,demopolis1 ,ala4 #ig1ija4--,,manufacture ,,of ,,nuts4--,j4 ,w4 ,gaskill and ,jas4 ,christie1 ,phillipsburg1 ,n4 ,j4 #ig1ijb4--;,,fire ,,place4--,e4 ,h4 ,gibbs1 ,new ,york city4 #ig1ijc4--;,,grain ,,drill4--,jacob ,f4 ,gibson1 ,chestnut ,level1 ,pa4 #ig1ijd4--;,,cartridge ,,machine4--,jabez ,h4 ,gill1 ,philadelphia1 ,pa4 #ig1ije4--;,,field ,,roller4--,robert ,glover1 ,tonawanda1 ,n4 ,y4 #ig1ije4--;,,corn ,,planter4--,henry ,gortner1 ,nashport1 ,ohio4 #ig1ijg4--;,,hinge4--,d4 ,r4 ,gould 7assignor to himself and ,o4 ,h4 ,green71 ,chestertown1 ,n4 ,y4 #ig1ijh4--,,radial ,,drilling ,,machine4--,g4 ,a4 ,gray1 ,jr41 ,cincinnati1 ,ohio4 #ig1iji4--;,,buckle4--,f4 ,f4 ,greenwood1 ,horsney1 ,england4 ,patented in ,england1 ,sept4 #af1 #ahfh4 #ig1iaj4--,,tool ,,for ,,carving ,,wood4--,l4 ,l4 ,gunther1 ,chicago1 ,ill4 #ig1iaa4--,,portable ,,derrick4--,james ,r4 ,hammond1 ,sedalia1 ,mo4 #ig1iab4--;,,coal ,,stove4--,b4 ,r4 ,hawlev1 ,normal1 ,ill4 #ig1iac4--;,,gas ,,stove4--,w4 ,j4 ,hays1 ,new ,york city4 #ig1iad4--;,,condensing ,,column ,,for ,,stills4--,a4 ,hazzard1 ,st4 ,louis1 ,mo4 #ig1iae4--,,stovepipe ,,drum4--,w4 ,hearle1 ,beamsville1 ,canada1 assignor to ,c4 ,l4 ,spencer1 trustee1 assignor to ,wm4 ,hearle and ,a4 ,b4 ,johnson4 #ig1iaf4--,,means ,,for ,,attaching ,,musquito ,,bars ,,to ,,window ,,blinds1 ,,doors1 ,,etc4--,james ,hebron1 ,buffalo1 ,n4 ,y4 #ig1iag4--,,washing ,,machine4--,edward ,heim1 ,pittsburgh1 ,pa4 #ig1iah4--,,railway ,,car ,,coupling4--,noah ,hill1 ,leavenworth ,city1 ,kansas4 #ig1iai4--;,,fifth ,,wheel ,,for ,,carriages4--,richard ,hoadly1 ,toulon1 ,ill4 #ig1ibj4--;,,fruit ,,jar4--,d4 ,i4 ,holcomb1 ,henry county1 ,iowa4 #ig1iba4--;,,corn ,,cultivator4--,j4 ,c4 ,holmes1 ,wyoming1 ,pa4 #ig1ibb4--;,,fruit ,,jar4--,thos4 ,houghton and ,h4 ,h4 ,houghton1 ,philadelphia1 ,pa4 #ig1ibc4--;,,condenser4--,john ,houpt1 ,springtown1 ,pa4 #ig1ibd4--,,propelling ,,apparatus4--,robert ,hunter1 ,new ,york city4 #ig1ibe4--;,,hedge ,,trimmer4--,a4 ,h4 ,hussey1 ,mount ,pleasant1 ,ohio4 #ig1ibf4--;,,fence4--,daniel ,johnson1 ,cranberry1 ,ohio4 #ig1ibg4--,,saw ,,set4--,j4 ,m4 ,jones1 ,commerce1 ,mo4 #ig1ibh4--,,rubber ,,spring ,,for ,,use ,,in ,,ships1 ,,cars1 ,,and ,,for ,,other ,,purposes4--,j4 ,a4 ,joyner1 ,new ,york city4 #ig1ibi4--;,,carpet ,,stretcher ,,and ,,tack ,,holder4--,f4 ,w4 ,judd1 ,new ,britain1 assignor to himself and ,e4 ,m4 ,judd1 ,new ,haven1 ,conn4 ,antedated ,dec4 #i1ahhi4 #ig1icj4--,,public ,,urinal4--,william ,m4 ,kepler1 ,cincinnati1 ,ohio4 #ig1ica4--,,washing ,,machine4--,john ,j4 ,kimball1 ,naperville1 ,ill4 #ig1icb4--;,,grain ,,stripper4--,j4 ,o4 ,king and ,hiram ,a4 ,rice1 ,louisiana1 ,mo4 #ig1icc4--;,,beehive4--,w4 ,t4 ,kirkpatrick1 ,tamarva1 ,ill4 #ig1icd4--,,latch4--,g4 ,w4 ,large1 ,yellow ,springs1 ,ohio4 #ig1ice4--,,sewing ,,machine4--,l4 ,w4 ,lathrop1 ,nyack1 ,n4 ,y4 #ig1icf4--,,manufacture ,,of ,,dry ,,white ,,lead4--,g4 ,t4 ,lewis1 ,philadelphia1 and ,e4 ,o4 ,bartlett1 ,birmingham1 ,pa4 #gg1icg4--;,,churn4--,f4 ,a4 ,lindal1 ,stockton1 ,n4 ,y4 #ig1ich4--,,seeding ,,machine4--,m4 ,f4 ,lowth and ,t4 ,j4 ,howe1 ,owatonna1 ,minn4 #ig1ici4--;,,fertilizer ,,or ,,guano4--,orazio ,lugo1 ,baltimore1 ,md4 #ig4idj4--;,,furnace ,,for ,,the ,,manufacture ,,of ,,ultramarine4--,h4 ,a4 ,ludwig4 ,new ,york city4 #ig1ida4--,,manufacture ,,of ,,ultramarine4--,h4 ,a4 ,ludwig1 ,new ,york city4 #ig1idb4--,,wardrobe4--,a4 ,g4 ,mack 7assignor to himself and ,george ,shelton71 ,rochester1 ,n4 ,y4 #ig1idc4--,,upright ,,piano4--,g4 ,c4 ,manner1 ,new ,york city4 #ig1idd4--;,,boot ,,crimper4--,f4 ,p4 ,marcy1 ,keokuk1 ,iowa4 ,antedated ,dec4 #d1 #ahfi4 #ig1ide4--,,mechanism ,,for ,,driving ,,cotton ,,gins4--,wm4 ,l4 ,may1 ,linwood1 ,ala41 assignor to ,w4 ,j4 ,may4 #ig1idf4--,,meat ,,chopper4--,arthur ,mc,carter1 ,salem1 ,ohio4 #ig1idg4--;,,gate4--,f4 ,h4 ,mc,george1 ,corning1 ,n4 ,y4 #ig1idh4--;,,construction ,,of ,,buildings4--,alexander ,mc,pherson1 ,santa ,cruz1 ,cal4 #ig1idi4--;,,galvanic ,,battery4--,j4 ,r4 ,mc,pherson1 ,beloit1 ,wis4 #ig1iej4--;,,gage ,,for ,,circular ,,saw ,,table4--,r4 ,n4 ,meriam1 ,worcester1 ,mass4 #ig1iea4--,,sewing ,,machine ,,for ,,sewing ,,boots ,,and ,,shoes4--,daniel ,mills1 ,new ,york city1 assignor to ,charles ,goodyear1 ,jr41 ,ne ,rochelle1 ,n4 ,y4 #ig1ieb4--,,propeller4--,s4 ,b4 ,morey1 ,san ,francisco1 ,cal4 #ig1iec4--;,,cast-,,steel ,,tube ,,or ,,ingot4--,c4 ,b4 ,morse1 ,rhinebeck1 ,n4 ,y4 ,antedated ,dec4 #h1ahfi4 #ig1ied4--,,packing ,,case ,,for ,,oil ,,cans4--,j4 ,mc,leod ,murphy 7assignor to ,j4 ,l4 ,graham71 ,new ,york city4 #ig1iee4--,,tightening ,,and ,,guiding ,,belt4--,c4 ,k4 ,myers 7assignor1 for one half1 to ,peter ,weybrich71 ,pekin1 ,ill4 #ig1ief4--;,,fire-,,place ,,fuel ,,magazine ,,stove4--,j4 ,j4 ,myers1 7assignor to ,b4 ,c4 ,bibb71 ,baltimore1 ,md4 #ig1ieg4--;,,corn ,,planter4--,j4 ,b4 ,parker1 ,knob ,noster1 ,mo4 #ig1ieh4--,,sawing ,,machine4--,archibald ,perry 7assignor to himself and ,jacob ,fisher71 ,richland1 ,ind4 ,antedated ,dec4 #c1ahfi4 #ig1iei4--,,mechanical ,,movement4--,osgood ,plummer1 ,worcester1 ,mass4 #ig1ifj4--,,teachers' ,,register4--,w4 ,s4 ,poulson and ,w4 ,n4 ,poulson1 ,cadiz1 ,ohio4 #ig1ifa4--,,side-,,saddle ,,tree4--,j4 ,h4 ,preston1 ,jefferson ,city1 ,mo4 #ig1ifb4--,,process ,,of ,,preparing ,,plants ,,to ,,be ,,used ,,in ,,cigaks1 ,,snuff1 ,,etc4--,p4 ,v4 ,ramel1 ,paris1 ,france4 #ig1ifc4--,,pipe ,,coupling4--,l4 ,w4 ,reed1 ,east ,cambridge1 ,mass4 #ig1ifd4--;,,fruit ,,jar4--,s4 ,b4 ,rowley1 ,philadelphia1 ,pa4 #ig1ife4--;,,clothes ,,wringer4--,e4 ,p4 ,russell1 ,manlius1 ,n4 ,y4 #ig1iff4--;,,coal ,,stove4--,watson ,sanford1 ,new ,york city4 ,antedated ,sept4 #c1 #ahfi4 #ig1ifg4--;,,base ,,burning ,,stove4--,watson ,sanford1 ,new ,york city4 ,antedated ,sept4 #ae1 #ahfi4 #ig1ifh4--;,,journal ,,box4--,a4 ,h4 ,sassaman1 ,scranton1 ,pa4 #ig1ifi4--;,,hook ,,and ,,ladder ,,truck4--,jacob ,schmidlapp1 ,new ,york city4 #ig1igj4--,suspended4 #ig1iga4--,,snow ,,plow ,,for ,,railways4--,t4 ,l4 ,shaw1 ,omaha1 ,nebraska4 #ig1igb4--;,,composition ,,metal ,,for ,,tubing1 ,,pipes1 ,,and ,,sheeting4--,w4 ,a4 ,shaw 7assignor to ,peter ,naylor71 ,new ,york city4 #ig1igc4--,,pruning ,,shears4--,j4 ,h4 ,shehan1 ,lima1 ,ind41 assignor to himself1 ,g4 ,w4 ,edgecomb1 and ,t4 ,j4 ,bull4 #ig1igd4--,,price-,,calculating ,,device4--,albert ,sinclair1 ,west ,waterville1 ,me4 #ig1ige4--;,,construction ,,of ,,bridges4--,c4 ,s4 ,smith1 ,c4 ,h4 ,latrobe1 and ,f4 ,h4 ,smith1 ,baltimore1 ,md4 #ig1igf4--;,,churn4--,simon ,smith1 ,clarksburg1 ,n4 ,y4 #ig1igg4--;,,cotton ,,bale ,,ties4--,w4 ,m4 ,smith1 ,augnsta1 ,ga4 #ig1igh4--;,,grain ,,measuring ,,attachment ,,to ,,thrashing ,,machines4--,w4 ,a4 ,workman1 ,fairfleld1 ,iowa4 #ig1igi4--,,scaffold ,,for ,,gathering ,,fruit1 ,,and ,,for ,,other ,,purposes4--,a4 ,j4 ,wright1 ,cleveland1 ,ohio4 #ig1ihj4--,,revolving ,,cupboard4--,wendell ,wright1 ,bloomfield1 ,n4 ,j4 #ig1iha4--;,,barrack ,,or ,,hospital ,,bedstead4--,chas4 ,s4 ,snead1 ,louisville1 ,ky4 #ig1ihb4--,,piano ,,forte4--,c4 ,f4 ,th4 ,steinway1 ,new ,york city4 #ig1ihc4--,,water-,,proofing ,,fabrics4--,john ,stenhouse1 #ag ,rodney street1 ,pentonville1 ,london1 ,england1 assignor to ,arthur ,cheney and ,alonzo ,milliken1 ,boston1 ,mass4 ,patented in ,england1 ,jan4 #h1 #ahfb4 #ig1ihd4--,,rails ,,for ,,ornamental ,,fence4--,elizabeth ,mary ,stigale1 ,philadelphia1 ,pa4 #ig1ihe4--,,latch ,,for ,,double ,,doors4--,j4 ,w4 ,still1 ,san ,francisco1 ,cal4 #ig1ihf4--,,lathe ,,fastening4--,j4 ,g4 ,stowe1 ,providence1 ,r4 ,i4 #ig1ihg4--,,vinegar ,,apparatus4--,a4 ,d4 ,strong1 ,ashtabula ,ohio4 #ig1ihh4--,,wrench4--,g4,c4,taft1 ,worcester1 ,mass4 #ig1ihi4--;,,bark ,,mill4--,william ,tansley1 ,salisbury ,centre1 assignor to ,starbuck ,brothers1 ,troy1 ,n4,y4 #ig1iij4--;,,clevis ,,for ,,plows4--,j4,h4 ,tarpley1 ,greensborough1 ,n4,c4 #ig1iia4--;,,handle ,,for ,,knives4--,a4,l4 ,taylor1 ,springfield1 ,vt4 #ig1iib4--,,making ,,bricks1 ,,tiles1 ,,etc4--,daniel ,thackara1 ,woodbury1 ,n4,j4 #ig1iic4--;,,foot ,,and ,,kneeling ,,stool ,,for ,,churches4--,j4,p4 ,tibbits1 ,new ,york city4 #ig1iid4--,,railway ,,carriage ,,wheel ,,and ,,axle4--,c4,d4 ,tisdale 7assignor to himself and ,j4,h4 ,clapp71 ,boston1 ,mass4 #ig1iie4--,,suspenders4--,c4 ,van ,hoesen1 ,catskill1 assignor to himself1 ,j4,h4 ,burtis1 ,brooklyn1 and ,m4,w4 ,staples1 ,catskill1 ,n4,y4 #ig1iif--;,,buttonhole ,,cutter4--,f4,h4 ,walker1 ,boston1 ,mass4 #ig1iig4--;,,bed ,,bottom4--,c4,e4 ,walkes1 ,elyria1 ,ohio4 #ig1iih4--,,still ,,for ,,oil1 ,,etc4--,john ,warner1 ,flushing1 ,n4,y4 #ig1iii4--,,paper ,,file4--,c4,w4 ,west1 ,shiloh1 assignor to himself and ,o4,a4 ,douglas1 ,bridgeton1 ,n4,j4 #ih1jjj4--;,,hoisting ,,apparatus4--,t4,a4 ,weston1 ,ridgewood1 ,n4,j41 assignor to ,william ,sellers and ,john ,sellers1 ,jr41 ,philadelphia1 ,pa4 ,patented in ,england1 ,aug4 #bh1 #ahfh4 #ih1jja4--;,,coke ,,wagon4--,corydon ,wheat and ,alfred ,catchpole1 ,geneva1 ,n4,y4 #ih1jjb4--,,machine ,,for ,,making ,,carriage ,,clips4--,darius ,wilcox and ,r4 ,mc,chesney 7assignors to ,d4,m4 ,basset and ,darius ,wilcox71 ,derby1 ,conn4 #ih1jjc4--;,,door ,,for ,,fire-,,place ,,stove4--,w4,e4 ,wood1 ,baltimore1 ,md4 #ih1jjd4--;,,interchangeable ,,boot ,,and ,,shoe ,,heel4--,j4,c4 ,woodhead1 ,pittsburgh1 ,pa4 #ih1jje4--;,,camel ,,for ,,raising ,,vessels4--,samuel ,woolston1 ,vincentown1 ,n4,j4 99 99 99 99 99 ,,reissues4 #fj1aib4--,,steam ,,engine ,,governor4--,dated ,dec4 #d1ahff2 reissue #c1gei4--,r4,k4 ,huntoon1for himself and ,j4,a4 ,lynch1 assignee1 by mesne assignments1 of ,r4,k4 ,huntoon4 ,boston1 ,mass4 #gb1aad4--,,variable ,,crank ,,for ,,boring ,,machines4--,dated ,dec4 #aj1ahfg2 reissue #c1gfj4--,theodore ,mace1 ,new ,york city1 assignee of ,g4,c4 ,taft4 #fh1ghb4--,,slide ,,for ,,extension ,,table4--,dated ,sept4 #aj1ahfg2 reissue #c1gfa4--;,h4 ,olds1 ,syracuse1 ,n4,y4 #hi1afg4--,,nozzle ,,for ,,cans4--,dated ,april #bj1ahfi2 reissue #c1gfb4--;,charles ,pratt1 ,new ,york city4 #hd1gff4--;,,horse ,,power4--,dated ,dec4 #h1 #ahfh2 reissue #c1gfc4--;,cyrus ,roberts and ,j4,a4 ,throp1 ,three ,rivers1 ,mich4 #dd1aag4--;,,composition ,,for ,,concrete ,,pavements4--,dated ,sept4 #f1ahfd2 reissue #c1gfd4--;,edward ,seeley1 ,scranton1 ,pa4 #di1bjg4--;,,carpet ,,bag ,,lock4--,dated ,aug4 #a1 #ahfe2 reissue #c1gfe4--;,bernard ,steinmetz1 ,paris1 ,france4 #ia1hjj4--,,steam ,,generator ,,furnaces4--,dated ,june #bb1 #ahff2 reissue #c1gff4--;,a4,j4 ,warren and ,d4,w4 ,wilson1 assignors to themselves and ,noah ,shaw1 ,west ,eau ,claire1 ,wis41 and ,u4,m4 ,stone1 ,augusta1 ,wis4 99 99 99 99 99 ,,designs4 #c1ghd4--,,stove4--,d4,p4 ,beckwith1 ,dowagiac1 ,mich4 #c1ghe4--,,plow ,,clevis4--,geo4 ,johnson1 administrator of the estate of ,g4,p4 ,darrow1 deceased1 7assignor to ,j4,l4 ,haven ,co471 ,cincinnati1 ,ohio4 #c1ghf4--,,stove4--,s4,s4 ,jewett and ,f4,h4 ,root1 ,buffalo1 ,n4,y4 #c1ghg4--,,masonic ,,ornament4--,daniel ,keefer1 ,attica1 ,ind4 #c1ghh4--,,paper ,,collar4--,w4,f4 ,mosely1 ,brooklyn1 ,n4,y4 #c1ghi4--;,,flower ,,stand4--,c4,h4 ,waters1 ,groton1 ,mass4 99 99 99 99 99 ,,extensions4 ,,cloth-,,stretching ,,rollers4--,seth ,simmons1 of ,providence1 ,r4,i41 administrator of ,nathan ,simmons1 deceased4--,letters ,patent ,no4 #ac1hhh2 dated ,dec4 #d1 #ahee4 ,,buckle4--,s4,e4 ,booth1 of ,orange1 ,conn41 administrator of ,s4,s4 ,hartshorn1 deceased4--,letters ,patent ,no4 #ac1ijg2 dated ,dec4 #aa1 #ahee 99 99 99 99 99 ,,patents ,,issued ,,for ,,the ,,week ,,ending ,,dec4 #ba1 #ahfi4 #ih1jjf4--,,manufacture ,,of ,,the ,,metallic ,,parts ,,of ,,fire ,,arms4--,isaac ,adams1 ,jr44 ,boston1 ,mass1 assignor to ,united ,nicke ,company4 #ih1jjg4--,,toy ,,velocipede4--,h4,c4 ,alexander1 ,new ,york city4 #ih1jjh4--,,machine ,,for ,,making ,,wrought ,,nails4--,daniel ,armstrong1 ,chicago1 ,ill4 #ih1jji4--,,wash ,,boiler4--,james ,armstrong1 ,bucyrus1 ,ohio4 #ih1jaj4--,,refrigerator4--,samuel ,ayers1 ,danville1 ,ky4 #ih1jaa4--;,,hydrant4--,g4,c4 ,bailey1 ,pittsburgh1 ,pa4 #ih1jab4--,,washing ,,machine4--,joseph ,balsley1 ,bedford1 ,ind4 #ih1jac4--,,saw ,,mill4--,a4,p4 ,barlow1 ,kalamazoo1 ,mich4 #ih1jad4--;,,boring ,,machine4--,e4,c4 ,barton1 ,bloomsburg1 ,pa4 #ih1jae4--,,padlock4--,thomas ,bernhard1 ,hartford1 ,conn4 #ih1jaf4--;,,fence4--,inmon ,blackaby1 ,civer1 ,ill4 #ih1jag4--,,plowing ,,machine4--,albert ,bondeli1 ,philadelphia1 ,mo4 #ih1jah4--;,,carriage ,,brake4--,a4,s4 ,boyer1 ,bernville1 ,pa4 #ih1jai4--,,low-,,water ,,indicator4--,william ,a4 ,bradford1 ,cincinnati1 ,ohio1 assignor to ,c4,g4 ,pease1 trustee for ,malone ,safety-,valve ,company4 #ih1jbj4--,,machine ,,for ,,making ,,ferrules4--,robert ,briggs1 ,philadelphia1 ,pa4 #ih1jba4--,,steam ,,generator4--,m4,s4 ,bringier1 ,ascension parish1 ,la4 #ih1jbb4--;,,fire ,,and ,,water-,,proof ,,paint4--,theodor ,brinkmann1 ,greeneville1 ,tenn4 #ih1jbc4--;,,animal ,,trap4--,adam ,brown1 ,bridgeport1 ,oregon4 #ih1jbd4--;,,hair-,,spring ,,adjustment ,,for ,,watches4--,augustus ,brown1 ,dryden1 ,n4,y4 #ih1jbe4--;,,expanding ,,muff ,,block4--,c4,f4 ,butterworth1 ,troy1 ,n4,y4 #ih1jbf4--,,sap ,,spout4--,g4,l4 ,cady1 ,lowell1 ,mass4 #ih1jbg4--;,,hay ,,loader4--,james ,capen1 ,charlton1 ,mass4 #ih1jbh4--;,,grinding ,,machine4--,george ,t4 ,chattaway1 ,brooklyn1 ,e4,d41 and ,john ,dickinson1 ,new ,york city1 assignors to ,g4,s4 ,chattaway4 #ih1jbi4--;,,coopers' ,,tool4--,john ,christy1 ,clyde1 ,ohio4 #ih1jcj4--,,nail ,,and ,,peg ,,driver4--,f4#j4 ,claflin1 ,new ,york city4 ,antedated ,dec4 #ah1ahfi4 #ih1jca4--,,self-,,canceling ,,postal ,,and ,,revenue ,,stamp4--,s4,m4 ,clark1 ,washington1 ,d4,c4 #ih1jcb4--;,,capstan ,,windlass4--,d4,n4,b4 ,coffin1 ,jr41 ,newton1 assignor to himself and ,i4,d4 ,spaulding31 ,boston1 ,mass4 #ih1jcc4--,,metal-,,clad ,,artificial ,,stone4--,franois ,coignet1 ,paris1 ,france4 #ih1jcd4--,,making ,,artificial ,,stone ,,and ,,concrete4--,franois ,coignet1 ,paris1 ,france4 #ih1jce4--,,malaxator ,,for ,,the ,,preparation ,,of ,,plastic ,,materials ,,for ,,artificial ,,stone1 ,,and ,,for ,,other ,,purposes4--,franois ,coignet1 ,paris1 ,france4 #ic1jcf4--;,,hasp ,,lock4--,e4,r4 ,colver1 ,new ,london1 ,conn4 #ih1jcg4--;,,device ,,for ,,conveying ,,sawdust ,,from ,,saws4--,w4,s4 ,colwell1 ,pittsburg1 ,pa4 #ih1jch4--;,,combination ,,of ,,pianoforte ,,and ,,cabinet4--,edward ,cotter1 ,boston1 ,mass4 #ih1jci4--;,,curtain ,,fixture4--,j4,p4 ,crawford1 ,carmichaels1 ,pa4 #ih1jdj4--,,vise4--,edwin ,crawley and ,t4,l4 ,baylies1 ,richmond1 ,ind4 #ih1jda4--;,,clod ,,fender4--,w4,l4 ,dearth and ,g4,p4 ,rondebush1 ,jefferson1 ,ind4 #ih1jdb4--;,,hay ,,and ,,grain ,,elevator4--,john ,dennis4 ,oswego1 ,n4,y4 #ih1jdc4--;,,dynamometer4--,j4 ,emerson1 ,lowell1 ,mass4 #ih1jdd4--;,,dumping ,,wagon4--,john ,esch1 ,milwaukee1 ,wis4 #ih1jde4--;,,fireplace ,,grate4--,george ,w4 ,everhart1 ,louisville1 ,ky4 #ih1jdf4--,,vaporizing ,,petroleum1 ,,etc4--,h4,r4 ,foote1 ,boston1 ,mass4 #ih1jdg4--,,toy ,,gun4--,c4,t4 ,ford and ,e4 ,trask1 ,salem1 ,mass4 ,antedated ,dec4 #g1 #ahfi4 #ih1jdh4--,,shifting ,,rail ,,for ,,buggy4--,harlow ,french and ,robert ,meyer1 ,buffalo1 ,n4,y4 #ih1jdi4--,,railway-,,car ,,truck4--,perry ,g4 ,gardiner1 ,new ,york city4 #ih1jej4--;,,car ,,spring4--,p4,g4 ,gardiner1 ,new ,york city4 #ih1jea4--,,railway ,,switch4--,m4 ,j4 ,gaskill1 ,wm4 ,yost1 and ,john ,ferris1 ,pleasant ,plain1 ,ohio4 #ih1jeb4--,,miller ,,trap ,,for ,,beehives4--,t4 ,l4 ,gray1 ,thomasville1 ,tenn4 #ih1jec4--,,stuffing ,box4--,chas4 ,green1 ,philadelphia1 ,pa4 #ih1jed4--,,suspension ,,clip4--,h4 ,s4 ,griffiths and ,j4 ,c4 ,gary1 ,new ,york city4 #ih1jee4--,,toy ,,safe ,,or ,,bank4--,john ,hall1 ,watertown1 ,mass4 ,antedated ,dec4 #g1ahfi4 #ih1jef4--,,lounge ,,and ,,bedstead4--,a4 ,r4 ,harper and ,c4 ,b4 ,dake1 ,hobart1 ,ind4 #ih1jeg4--,,machine ,,for ,,upsetting ,,tire4--,a4 ,s4 ,hart1 ,san ,francisco1 ,cal4 #ih1jeh4--,,railway ,,car ,,coupling4--,a4 ,s4 ,hart1 ,san ,francisco1 ,cal4 #ih1jei4--,,stove ,,grate4--,david ,hathaway1 ,troy1 ,n4 ,y4 #ih1jfj4--;,,holding ,,device ,,for ,,lamp ,,chimneys4--,john ,f ,hechtle1 ,waterbury1 ,conn4 #ih1jfa4--,,steam ,,and ,,caloric ,,engine4--,alexander ,hendry1 ,victoria1 ,british ,columbia4 #ih1jfb4--,,rein ,,holder4--,davis ,kurd1 ,lockport1 ,n4 ,y4 #ih1jfc4--,,spring ,,seat ,,for ,,wagons4--,a4 ,l4 ,hurtt1 ,monticello1 ,ind4 #ih1jfc4--,,sewing ,,machine4--,a4 ,j4 ,hurtu and ,v4 ,j4 ,hautin1 ,paris1 ,france4 #ih1jfe4--,,roofing ,,compound4--,c4 ,b4 ,hutchins1 ,ann ,arbor1 ,mich4 #ih1jff4--;,,dental ,,impression ,,cup4--,r4 ,v4 ,jenks1 ,paterson4 ,n4 ,j4 #ih1jfg4--,,pump4--,a4 ,c4 ,judson 7assignor to himself and ,e4 ,o4 ,judson71 ,grand ,rapids1 ,mich4 #ih1jfh4--,,leather-,,splitting ,,machine4--,charles ,keniston1 ,somerville1 ,mass4 #ih1jfi4--,,spring ,,bed ,,bottom4--,e4 ,s4 ,kimball1 ,springfield1 ,mass4 #ih1jgj4--,,whip ,,socket4--,c4 ,p4 ,kimball1 ,portland1 ,me4 #ih1jga4--;,,flood ,,gate4--,a4 ,l4 ,king1 ,farmersville1 ,ohio4 #ih1jgb4--,,manufacture ,,of ,,scoops4--,j4 ,geo4 ,knapp1 ,woodhaven1 ,n4,y41 assignor to the ,lalance ,grosjean ,manufacturing ,co41 ,new ,york city4 #ih1jgc4--;,,drive ,,well ,,tubes4--,d4 ,r4 ,knight1 ,akron1 ,ohio4 #ih1jgd4--;,,device ,,for ,,preventing ,,leakage ,,about ,,chimneys4--,abraham ,lang1 ,buffalo1 ,n4 ,y4 #ih1jge4--;,,harvester ,,dropper4--,t4 ,f4 ,lippencott1 ,conemaugh1 ,pa4 #ih1jgf4--;,,car ,,coupling4--,joseph ,long1 ,mechanicsburg1 ,pa4 #ih1jgg4--;,,head ,,rest4--,c4 ,b4 ,loveless1 ,syracuse1 ,n4 ,y4 #ih1jgh4--;,,burglar ,,alarm4--,moses ,lunt1 ,cambridgeport1 ,mass4 #ih1jgi4--;,,folding ,,and ,,extension ,,table4--,g4 ,mayer1 ,sullivan1 ,ill4 #ih1jhj4--,,lantern4--,i4 ,c4 ,mayo1 ,gloucester1 ,mass4 #ih1jha4--,,water ,,wheel4--,h4 ,w4 ,mc,auley1 ,de ,soto1 ,wis4 #ih1jhb4--,,let-,,off ,,mechanism ,,for ,,looms4--,ephriam ,mc,daniel1 ,lowell1 ,mass4 #ih1jhc4--,,lamp4--,j4 ,k4 ,mentzer1 ,new ,holland1 ,pa4 #ih1jhd4--,,surveyor',s ,,mark4--,c4 ,c4 ,p4 ,meyer1 ,yankton1 ,dakota ,territory4 #ih1jhe4--,,tailor',s ,,crayon ,,sharpener--,r4 ,r4 ,miles1 ,wabash1 ,ind4 #ih1jhf4--;,,cooking ,,stove4--,j4 ,h4 ,mitchell and ,t4 ,s4 ,mitchell1 ,pittsburgh1 ,pa4 #ih1jhg4--,,printing ,,press4--,charles ,montague 7assignor to ,c4 ,c4 ,child71 ,boston1 ,mass4 #ih1jhh4--,,printing ,,press4--,chas4 ,montague 7assignor to ,c4 ,c4 ,child71 ,boston1 ,mass4 #ih1jhi4--,,steam ,,generator4--,jas4 ,montgomery1 ,sing ,sing1 ,n4 ,y4 ,antedated ,dec4 #ag1ahfi4 #ih1jij4--;,,harvester ,,dropper4--,ephraim ,myers1 ,creagerstown1 ,md4 ,antedated ,dec4 #d1ahfi4 #ih1jia4--;,,cotton 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#ih1ajc4--,suspended4 #ih1ajd4--,,trunk4--,t4 ,b4 ,peddie1 ,newark1 ,n4 ,j4 #ih1aje4--;,,bolt ,,clamp4--,charles ,e4 ,phillips1 ,south ,deerfield1 ,mass4 #ih1ajf4--;,,combined ,,square ,,and ,,caliper4--,josiah ,potts1 ,milwaukee1 ,wis4 #ih1ajg4--,,metal ,,alloy ,,for ,,harness ,,trimmings1 ,,etc4--,a4,a4 ,randall1 ,south ,braintree1 assignor to himself and ,c4 ,f4 ,whitcomb1 ,boston1 ,mass4 #ih1ajh4--;,,carpenter',s ,,plow4--,royal ,b4 ,rice1 ,williamsburgh1 ,mass4 #ih1aji4--;,,cut-,,nail ,,machine4--,levi ,richards 7assignor1 by mesne assignments1 to himself1 ,o4 ,a4 ,washburn1 ,g4 ,s4 ,perkins1 and ,f4 ,s ,roscoe71 ,providence1 ,r4 ,i4 #ih1aaj4--;,,electro-,,plating ,,with ,,brass ,,and ,,other ,,alloys4--,samuel ,rust1 ,jr41 ,cincinnati1 ,ohio4 #ih1aaa4--;,,indicator ,,for ,,saw ,,mill ,,head ,,blocks4--,george ,selden1 ,erie1 ,pa4 #ih1aab4--;,,cultivator4--,j4 ,b4 ,skinner1 ,rockford1 ,ill4 #ih1aac4--;,,harvester4--,a4 ,l4 ,smith1 ,bristol ,centre1 ,n4 ,y4 #ih1aad4--;,,electro-,,magnetic ,,lock4--,j4 ,c4 ,smith1 ,brooklyn1 ,n4 ,y4 #ih1aae4--;,,brick ,,machine4--,thomas ,smurfit1 ,davisville1 ,mich4 #ih1aaf4--;,,floor ,,clamp4--,joseph ,b4 ,spencer1 ,norwich1 ,conn4 ,antedated ,dec4 #ag1ahfi4 #ih1aag4--;,,churn ,,dasher4--,aurelius ,sperry1 ,tremont1 ,ill4 #ih1aah4--;,,gas ,,generator ,,and ,,carbureter4--,amos ,stevens 7assignor to ,e4 ,a4 ,whitney71 ,fitchburg1 ,mass4 #ih1aai4--,,rocking ,,and ,,easy ,,chair4--,a4 ,w4 ,stewart1 ,boston1 ,mass4 #ih1abj4--,,plow4--,r4 ,e4 ,strait1 ,galesburg1 ,mich4 #ih1aba4--,,machine ,,for ,,scouring1 ,,setting-,,cut1 ,,and ,,finishing ,,hides ,,ok ,,skins4--,john ,taggart1 ,melrose1 assignor to himself and ,w4 ,n4 ,brink1 ,boston1 ,mass4 #ih1abb4--,,variable ,,cut-,,off ,,for ,,steam ,,engines4--,m4 ,c ,taylor1 ,grass ,valley1 ,cal4 ,antedated ,dec4 #ag1ahfi4 #ih1abc4--,,shingle ,,packer4--,r4 ,b4 ,taylor1 ,pensaukie1 ,wis4 #ih1abd4--;,,cutter-,,head4--,hiram ,thompson 7assignor to ,r4 ,ball ,co471 ,worcester1 ,mass4 #ih1abe4--,,water-,,wheel4--,w4 ,j4 ,thompson1 ,springfield1 ,mo4 #ih1abf4--,,wheel ,,for ,,steam ,,carriage--,r4 ,w4 ,thomson1 ,edinburgh1 ,great ,britain4 ,patented in ,england1 ,april #ba1 #ahfh4 #ih1abg4--;,,circular ,,saw ,,mill4--,john ,trunick1 ,muscatine1 ,iowa #ih1abh4--;,,clod ,,fender4--,j4 ,w4 ,tull1 ,zionsville1 ,ind4 #ih1abi4--,,necktie ,,and ,,collar ,,combined4--,james ,varley1 ,hudson1 assignor to himself and ,d4 ,m4 ,smyth1 ,orange1 ,n4 ,j4 #ih1acj4--;,,eye ,,for ,,railway ,,car ,,bell-,,rope4--,w4 ,m4 ,walton 7assignor to ,j4 ,j4 ,walton71 ,newark1 ,n4 ,j4 #ih1aca4--,,pipe ,,coupling4--,j4 ,d4 ,ware1 ,savannah1 ,ga4 #ih1acb4--;,,gage ,,cocks4--,g4 ,l4 ,watson1 ,nesquehoning1 ,pa4 #ih1acc4--,,lubricator ,,for ,,the ,,bolsters ,,of ,,vertical ,,shafts4--,j4,w4,watties1 ,canton1 ,mass4 #ih1acd4--;,,brick ,,kiln1 ,,etc4--,e4,v4 ,wingard1 ,williamsport1 ,pa4 #ih1ace4--,,machine ,,for ,,spinning ,,and ,,curling ,,hair4--,philip ,wisdom1 ,brooklyn1 ,n4 ,y41 assignor to ,john ,sickles1 trustee1 and ,john ,sickles1 trustee1 assignor to ,john ,wisdom and ,j4 ,h4 ,wilcox1 ,new ,york city4 #ih1acf4--,,seed ,,planter4--,d4,c4 ,woods1 ,waxahatchie1 ,texas #ih1acg4--;,,harrow4--,george ,workman1 ,rochester1 ,n4 ,y4 #ih1ach4--,,railroad ,,switch4--,edmund ,yardley1 ,pittsburgh1 ,pa4 #ih1aci4--;,,apparatus ,,for ,,the ,,manufacture ,,of ,,iron ,,and ,,steel4--,charles ,adams 7assignor to himself and ,charles ,sharpe71 ,philadelphia1 ,pa4 #ih1adj4--,,railway ,,car ,,spring4--,william ,barry and ,george ,franklin1 ,philadelphia1 ,pa4 #ih1ada4--;,,folding ,,chair4--,burroughs ,beach1 ,meriden1 assignor to himself and ,e4,i4 ,pyle1 ,bridgeport1 ,conn4 #ih1adb4--;,,hair ,,restorative4--,ann ,k4 ,benson1 ,allegheny ,city1 ,pa4 #ih1adc4--,,machine ,,for ,,laying ,,out ,,sash4--,alpheus ,bigony1 ,winchester1 ,ohio4 #ih1add4--;,,device ,,for ,,securing ,,pulleys ,,to ,,shafts4--,j4 ,h4 ,buckman 7assignor to himself and ,p4 ,w4 ,reinshagen71 ,cincinnati1 ,ohio4 #ih1ade4--,,pocket ,,book4--,alphonzo ,button1 ,dunkirk1 ,n4 ,y41 assignor to ,m4 ,o4 ,wilber for one half of said patent4 #ih1adf4--,,spring ,,bed ,,bottom4--,j4 ,p4 ,chamberlin1 ,abington1 ,mass4 #ih1adg4--,,safety ,,harness ,,buckle4--,john ,chestnut1 ,jr41 ,hustontown1 ,pa4 #ih1adh4--,,washing ,,machine4--,a4 ,p4 ,cindel and ,martin ,vogel1 ,jacksonville1 ,ill4 #ih1adi4--,,operating ,,device ,,for ,,water ,,closets4--,b4 ,r4 ,cole1 ,buffalo1 ,n4 ,y4 #ih1aej4--,,turbine ,,water-,,wheel4--,e4 ,f4 ,cooper1 ,mount ,gilead1 ,ohio4 #ih1aea4--,,sewing ,,machine ,,for ,,sewing ,,boots ,,and ,,shoes4--,c4 ,o4 ,crosby4 ,new ,haven1 ,conn4 #ih1aeb4--;,,churn ,,dasher4--,theophilus ,crutcher1 ,edgefield1 ,tenn4 #ih1aec4--,,water ,,closet ,,valve4--,j4 ,n4 ,deck 7assignor to himself1 ,b4 ,r4 ,cole1 and ,g4 ,f4 ,deck71 ,buffalo1 ,n4 ,y4 #ih1aed4--;,,card ,,holder4--,c4 ,r4 ,doane1 ,brooklyn1 ,e4 ,d41 ,n4 ,y4 #ih1aee4--,,process ,,of ,,treating ,,wines1 ,,beer1 ,,and ,,liquors4--,j4 ,o4 ,donner1 ,jersey ,city1 ,n4 ,j4 #ih1aef4--,,valve ,,gear4--,t4 ,e4 ,evans1 ,w4 ,r4 ,thomas1 and ,joshua ,hunt1 ,catasauqua1 ,pa4 #ih1aeg4--;,,corn ,,planter4--,d4 ,fitzpatrick and ,john ,knull1 ,st4 ,paris1 ,ohio4 #ih1aeh4--,,paint ,,brush4--,f4 ,p4 ,furnald1 ,jr41 ,r4 ,w4 ,champion1 and ,i4 ,n4 ,davies1 ,new ,york city4 #ih1aei4--;,,grub ,,hook4--,j4 ,w4 ,goodall1 ,eldred1 ,pa4 #ih1afj4--,,wash ,,board4--,b4 ,f4 ,gott1 ,brooklyn1 ,e4 ,d41 ,n4 ,y4 #ih1afa4--;,,churn4--,g4 ,h4 ,gregory1 ,north ,wilton1 ,conn4 #ih1afb4--;,,hydro-,,pneumatic ,,governor4--,andrew ,harris1 ,philadelphia1 ,pa4 #ih1afc--,,musical ,,instrument4--,c4 ,f4 ,hill1 ,new ,york city4 #ih1afd4--,,securing ,,the ,,lash ,,in ,,fly-,,nets4--,j4 ,s4 ,huston1 ,mechanicsburg1 ,pa4 #ih1afe4--,,process ,,of ,,purifying ,,and ,,decoloring ,,albumen ,,from ,,blood4--,pierre ,jacques1 ,paris1 ,france4 #ih1aff4--,,wire ,,handle ,,former4--,w4 ,c4 ,jones1 ,quincy1 ,ill4 #ih1afg4--,,mechanism ,,for ,,raising ,,and ,,lowering ,,boards4--,cheney ,kilburn and ,artemas ,kilburn 7assignors to ,hale1 ,goodman1 ,co471 ,philadelphia1 ,pa4 #ih1afh4--;,,egg ,,beater4--,linn ,laurie1 ,washington1 ,d4 ,c4 #ih1afi4--,,wire ,,bale ,,fastening4--,e4 ,s4 ,lennox1 ,new ,brighton1 ,n4 ,y4 #ih1agj4--;,,insole ,,for ,,boots ,,and ,,shoes4--,calvin ,a4 ,leonard1 ,rochester1 ,n4 ,y4 #ih1aga4--;,,globe ,,valve4--,hippolite ,levasseur1 ,brooklyn1 ,n4 ,y4 #ih1agb4--,,lubricating ,,sleeve4--,g4,a4 ,lloyd1 ,san ,francisco1 ,cal41 assignor to himself and ,anthony ,rosenfield4 #ih1agc4--;,,composition ,,for ,,preventing ,,incrustation ,,in ,,steam ,,boilers4--,g4,w4 ,lord1 ,philadelphia1 ,pa4 #ih1agd4--;,,gas ,,generator ,,and ,,burner4--,c4,b4 ,loveless1 ,syracuse1 ,n4,y4 #ih1age4--;,,extinguishing ,,fire ,,in ,,buildings4--,orozi ,lugo1 ,baltimore1 ,md4 #ih1agf4--;,,apparatus ,,for ,,dispensing ,,soda-,,water ,,sirups4--,john ,matthews1 ,jr41 ,new ,york city4 #ih1agg4--,,sirup-,,dispensing ,,apparatus4--,john ,matthews1 ,jr41 ,new ,york city4 #ih1agh4--,,sirup ,,reservoir ,,for ,,soda-,,fountains4--,john ,matthews1 ,jr41 ,new ,york city4 #ih1agi4--,,soap4--,c4,p4 ,mc,gimsey1 ,memphis1 ,tenn4 #ih1ahj4--,,method ,,of ,,heading ,,screws4--,daniel ,t4 ,munger 7assignor to himself and ,rufus ,e4 ,hitchcock71 ,waterbury1 ,conn4 #ih1aha4--;,,brick ,,mold4--,matthew ,newlove 7assignor to himself and ,samuel ,gilbert7 ,burlington1 ,iowa4 #ih1ahb4--;,,harvester ,,cutter4--,theodore ,neys1 ,menomonee1 ,wis41 assignor to himself and ,alexis ,i4 ,brunell4 #ih1ahc4--;,,cotton ,,seed ,,planter4--,a4 ,e4 ,nixon1 ,memphis1 ,tenn4 #ih1ahd4--;,,hose ,,coupling4--,william ,j4 ,osbourne 7assignor to himself1 ,gideon ,b4 ,massey1 and ,william ,f4 ,shaffer71 ,new ,york city4 #ih1ahe4--;,,farm ,,gate4--,christopher ,ostrander1 ,lodi1 ,wis4 #ih1ahf4--,,railway ,,rail ,,chair4--,s4,n4 ,park1 ,bloomsbury1 ,n4,j4 #ih1ahg4--,,nut ,,lock4--,morgan ,payne1 ,cardington1 ,ohio4 #ih1ahh4--,,shuttle-,,check ,,for ,,looms4--,david ,pickman 7assignor to himself and ,stuart ,bishop71 ,lowell1 ,mass4 #ih1ahi4--,,saw ,,guide4--,c4 ,purdy1 ,bedford1 ,ohio4 #ih1aij4--;,,grain ,,bin4--,fitch ,raymond and ,august ,miller1 ,cleveland1 ,ohio4 #ih1aia4--;,,bookbinding4--,ira ,reynolds 7assignor to ,reynolds ,reynolds71 ,dayton1 ,ohio4 #ih1aib4--,,vapor ,,burner4--,wm4,h4 ,rudolph1 ,st4 ,louis1 ,mo4 #ih1aic4--;,,corn ,,planter4--,c4,b4 ,ruth1 ,doylestown1 ,pa4 ,antedated ,december #aa1 #ahfi4 #ih1aid4--;,,gate4--,charles ,saxton1 ,fredonia1 ,ohio4 #ih1aie4--;,,farm ,,gate4--,samuel ,scott1 ,yane1 ,ohio4 #ih1aif4--,,post ,,auger4--,george ,seeger and ,charles ,h4 ,shaffer1 ,clark's ,hill1 ,ind4 ,antedated ,december #aa1ahfi4 #ih1aig4--,,paying ,,block4--,reuben ,shaler1 ,madison1 ,conn4 #ih1aih4--;,,cartridge ,,feeder ,,for ,,gun ,,hammer4--,thomas ,shaw1 ,philadelphia1 ,pa4 #ih1aii4--,,wash ,,boiler4--,john ,p4 ,sherwood 7assignor to himself and ,benjamin ,s4 ,burnham71 ,fort ,edward1 ,n4 ,y4 #ih1bjj4--;,,bookbinding4--,david ,shive1 ,philadelphia1 ,pa4 #ih1bja4--,,railroad ,,car ,,ventilator4--,oliver ,slagle1 ,london1 assignor to himself and ,thomas ,h4 ,foulds1 ,cincinnati1 ,ohio4 #ih1bjb4--;,,cultivator4--,s4,t4 ,spaulding1 ,north ,cohocton1 ,n4,y4 #ih1bjc4--;,,elevator4--,francis ,stein and ,henry ,haering--,new ,york city4 #ih1bjd4--,,tire ,,cooler4--,edward ,stodtmeister1 ,cape ,girardeau1 ,mo4 #ih1bje4--;,,dynamometers4--,john ,w4 ,sutton1 ,portland1 ,oregon4 #ih1bjf4--,,machine ,,for ,,sawing ,,and ,,splitting ,,wood--,john ,a4 ,taplin1 ,carthage ,landing1 ,fishkill1 ,n4,y4 #ih1bjg4--;,,carriage ,,spring4--,george ,w4 ,tew1 ,kansas ,city1 ,mo4 #ih1bjh4--,,self--,,ventilating ,,safety ,,cans ,,for ,,filling ,,and ,,discharging ,,hydrocarbon ,,apparatus4--,lovias ,d4 ,towsley ,newark1 ,n4 ,j4 #ih1bji4--;,,cord-,,tightener ,,for ,,curtain ,,fixtures4--,elisha ,turner1 ,wolcottville1 ,conn4 #ih1baj4--,,manufacture ,,of ,,paper ,,pulp ,,from ,,wood4--,george ,vining1 ,pittsfield1 ,mass4 #ih1baa4--;,,compound ,,for ,,mixing ,,paint4--,peter ,m4 ,wallower1 ,smith's ,ferry1 ,pa4 #ih1bab4--;,,hasp ,,lock4--,cornelius ,walsh1 ,james ,f4 ,connelly1 and ,alfred ,bratt1 ,newark1 ,n4 ,j41 assignors to ,cornelius ,walsh4 #ih1bac4--,,seed ,,drill4--,orrin ,a4 ,wheeler1 ,doniphan1 ,kansas4 #ih1bad4--;,,expanding ,,triple ,,shovel ,,plow4--,edward ,wiard 7assignor to ,b4 ,f4 ,avery71 ,louisville1 ,ky4 #ih1bae4--;,,head-,,block ,,of ,,saw ,,mills4--,franklin ,j4 ,staley 7assignor to himself1 ,george ,w4 ,joseph1 ,isaac ,s4 ,long1 and ,george ,h4 ,carter71 ,indianapolis1 ,ind4 99 99 99 99 99 ,,reissues4 #ig1bic4--,,machine ,,for ,,clipping ,,horses' ,,hair4--,dated ,june #cj1 #ahfh2 patented in ,england1 ,april #bd1 #ahfg2 reissue #c1gfg4--,patrick ,adie1 of the ,stand1 ,london1 ,england4 #bc1jcc4--;,,hose ,,coupling4--,dated ,february #bb1ahei2 reissue #c1gfh4--,william ,h4 ,bliss1 ,newport1 ,r4 ,i41 assignee of himself and ,robert ,b4 ,lawton4 #eb1ace4--,,seeding ,,machine4--,dated ,january #bc1 #ahff2 reissue #c1gfi4--;,henry ,bundel1 ,dayton1 ,ohio4 #bf1dge4--;,,breech-,,loading ,,firearm4--,dated ,december #bj1 #ahei2 reissue #c1ggj4--;,bethel ,burton1 ,brooklyn1 ,n4 ,y41 and ,wm4 ,c4 ,ward1 ,new ,york city1 assignees of ,bethel ,burton4 #id1dhf4--;,,extension ,,slide ,,for ,,tables4--,dated ,september #g1 #ahfi2 reissue #c1gga4--,s4 ,j4 ,genung4 ,waterloo1 ,n4 ,y4 #ga1fbd4--;,,electric ,,clock4--,dated ,december #c1 #ahfg2 reissue #c1ggb4--,the ,kennedy ,electric ,clock ,company1 ,new ,york city1 assignees of ,samuel ,a4 ,kennedy1 ,s4 ,w4 ,holt1 and ,joseph ,gerlach4 #hb1gje4--,,scrubbing ,,brush4--,dated ,october #f1 #ahfh2 reissue #c1ggc4--;,b4,f4 ,koller1 ,shrewsbury1 ,pa41 assignee of ,samuel ,gibson4 #db1fag4--,,pump4--,dated ,may #c1 #ahfd2 reissue #c1ggd4--;,henry ,r4 ,sensenig and ,moses ,w4 ,martin4 ,earl township1 ,pa41 assignees1 by mesne assignments1 of ,martin ,w4 ,zimmerman and ,john ,zimmerman4 #hh1bjh4--,,manufacture ,,of ,,iron ,,and ,,steel4--,dated ,march #bc1 #ahfi2 reissue #c1gge4--;,john ,ralston1 ,abraham ,l4 ,thomas1 and ,william ,parkinson1 for themselves1 and ,william ,a4 ,shoemaker1 ,schuylkill county1 and ,george ,e4 ,buckley1 ,philadelphia1 ,pa41 assignees of said ,ralston1 ,thomas1 and ,parkinson4 99 99 99 99 99 ,,designs4 #c1gij and #c1gia4--,,tack ,,head4--,orrin ,l4 ,bassett 7assignor to the ,taunton ,tack ,company71 ,taunton1 ,mass4 ,two patents4 #c1gib4--;,,coffee ,,or ,,tea ,,filter4--,george ,m4 ,bull1 ,new ,baltimore1 ,n4,y4 #c1gic4--;,,carpet ,,pattern4--,robert ,r4 ,campbell 7assignor to ,lowell ,manufacturing ,company71 ,lowell1 ,mass4 #c1gid4--;,,car ,,ventilator4--,robert ,hitchcock1 ,springfield1 ,mass4 #c1gie to #c1gig4--,,wardrobe ,,hook4--,morton ,judd1 ,new ,haven1 ,conn4 ,three patents4 #c1gih to #c1hjb4--;,,carpet ,,pattern4--,elemir ,j4 ,ney1 ,dracut1 assignors to ,lowell ,manufacturing ,company1 ,lowell1 ,mass4 ,five patents4 #c1hjc4--,,trade ,,mark4--,charles ,perkes1 ,philadelphia1 ,pa4 #c1hjd and #c1hje4--,,watch ,,plate4--,george ,p4 ,reed1 ,boston1 ,mass4 ,two patents4 #c1hjf4--;,,fruit ,,jar ,,coyer4--,henry ,e4 ,shaffer1 ,rochester1 ,n4,y4 99 99 99 99 99 ,,subscribers--who wish to have their volumes bound1 can send them to this office4 ,the charge for binding is #a4ej per volume4 ,the amount should be remitted in advance1 and the volumes will be sent as soon as they are bound4 99 99 99 99 99 ,,advertisements ,the value of the ,,scientific ,,american as an advertising medium cannot be over-estimated4 ,its circulation is ten times greater than that of any similar journal now published4 ,it goes into all the ,states and ,territories1 and is read in all the principal libraries and reading-rooms of the world4 ,we invite the attention of those who wish to make their business known to the annexed rates4 ,a business man wants something more than to see his advertisement in a printed newspaper4 ,he wants circulation4 ,if it is worth #be cents per line to advertise in a paper of three thousand circulation1 it is worth #b4ej per line to advertise in one of thirty thousand4 ,,rates ,,of ,,advertising4 ,back ,page #a4jj a line4 ,inside ,page #ge cents a line4 ,engravings may head advertisements at the same rate per line1 by measurement1 as the letter-press4 99 99 99 99 99 ,,for ,,sale--,a #i-;ft4 ,planer1 #d ,lathes1 #b ,shapers1 ,gear ,cutter1 ,drill ,press1 ,fanblower1 ,anvils1 ,vises1 etc41 at ,l4 ,,duvinage',s1 #bji ,center st41 ,new ,york4 99 99 99 99 99 ,,toselli',s ,ice ,machines1 ,simple in operation1 makking transparent ice without steam power4 ,address ,g4 ,b4 ,,newman1#cc ,maiden ,lane1 ,new ,york4 99 99 99 99 99 ,,galvano ,,plastic ,,iron--,for ,bank ,note ,printing1 ,books1 ,engravings1 etc4 ,patent ,rights for sale by ,c4 ,m4 ,,clay ,,co41 ,no4 #de ,liberty st4 ,box #diej4 99 99 99 99 99 ,,cancers1 ,,scrofula1 and all ,,cutaneous ,,diseases cured by using the ,,sheldon ,,spring ,,water4 ,book of thirty pages1 with certificates1 sent free4 ,addres ,j4 ,w4 ,,beals1 ,treasurer1 ,boston1 ,mass4 99 99 99 99 99 ,,agents ,,wanted ,,in ,,every ,,county of the four following ,states3--,illinois1 ,indiana1 ,iowa1 and ,wisconsin1 to sell ,b4 ,f4 ,alexander's ,patent ,horse ,hay ,fork4 ,for particulars address ,,homer ,,dubree1 ,glen ,hope1 ,clearfleld ,co41 ,pa4 99 99 99 99 99 ,,iron ,,woodworking ,machinery ,depot4 ,new and ,second-hand4 ,,george ,l4 ,,cummtngs1 #adj ,center st41 ,new ,york4 99 99 99 99 99 ,,for ,,sale ,,at ,a ,,bargain1 ,a ,,babcock ,,wilcox ,,engine1 #af-;in4 cylinder1 #db in4 stroke1 ,,nearly ,,new4 ,this ,engine is to be taken out by ,wm4 ,a4 ,harris1 and replaced by a ,corliss ,engine1 built by him4 ,address ,,william ,a4 ,,harris1 ,providence1 ,r4,i41 or #di ,murray st41 ,new ,york4 99 99 99 99 99 ,,hunter',s ,,guide--,revised1 ,enlarged1 ,new ,secrets ,added4 #bd1jjj already sold4 ,twenty-seventh edition of #e1jjj copies ,now ,ready1 enlarged1 twenty new tanning secrets added 7three cost #e each74 ,,the ,,hunter',s ,,guide ,,and ,,trapper',s ,,companion tells how to hunt and trap all animals1 from mink to bear1 to make traps1 boats1 etc4 ,how to tan and dress all hides1 etc41 etc41 to color furs and skins4 ,new secrets just added4 ,the secret recipes in this book would cost #cj anywhere else4 ,tells how to hunt1 fish1 has hunting narratives1 etc41 etc4 ,a ,new ,book1 well printed and bound1 #fd pp4 ,price 7not #a7 but #be;c42 six for #a2 mailed free4 ,beware of ,recipes1 #aj-;cent papers1 and swindlers4 ,sold by all dealers4 ,all wholesale news dealers sell it4 ,send for one4 ,worth #aj to any farmer1 hunter1 or boy4 ,only a ,,quarter4 ,address ,,hunter ,,co41 ,publishers1 ,hinsdale1 ,n4,h4 99 99 99 99 99 ,,collegiate ,commercial ,institute 7,gen4 ,russell's ,school71 ,new ,haven1 ,conn4 ,winter term begins ,jan4#aa 99 99 99 99 99 ,,for ,,sale--,a splendid set of ,sub-marine ,diving ,apparatus1 but little used1 cheap4 ,address ,box #aehb1 ,norwich1 ,conn4 99 99 99 99 99 ,we rarely open a more readable magazine than ,the ,galaxy4 ,there is not a dull page between its covers4--,n4,y4 ,times4 ,well sustains its reputation for vigorous and racy writing4--,n4 ,y4 ,tribune4 ,a model periodical2 a credit to ,american periodical literature4--,press1 ,philadelphia4 ,,the ,,galaxy ,,for #ahgj4 ,,great ,,attractions4 ,,articles ,,secured ,,from ,,charles ,,reade1 ,,mrs4 ,,edwards1 ,,richard ,,grant ,,white1 ,,anthony ,,trollope1 ,,justin ,mc,c,a,r,t,h,y1 ,,park ,,godwin1 ,,dr4 ,j4 ,c4 ,,dalton1 ,,dr4 ,,draper4 ,,and ,,all ,,the ,,leading ,,writers ,,of ,,the ,,day4 ,,first4 ,,put ,,yourself ,,in ,,his ,,place4--,charles ,reade's ,great ,story will continue to delight the readers of the ,galaxy the greater part of the year #ahgj4 ,part ,first is is now ready in book form1 and will be sent free with the ,galaxy for #ahgj on receipt of #d1 the regular subscription price4 ,,second4 ,a ,,new ,,story ,,by ,,mrs4 ,,edwards1 author of ,susan ,fielding1 ,steven ,lawrence1 ,yeoman1 etc4 ,mrs4 ,edwards is one of the very best female novelists now writing in the ,english language4 ,,third4 ,,anthony ,,trollope will furnish a series of ,editors' ,tales1 in which he will work an entirely new vein4 ,,fourth4 ,,park ,,godwin1 one of the ablest ,american writers1 will furnish a series of noteworthy articles on ,historical subjects4 ,,fifth4 ,,richard ,,grant ,,white will continue his critical and social essays4 ,,sixth4 ,,justin ,,mccarthy1 whose skill as an efficient magazine writer is almost unequaled1 has been engaged on the ,editorial ,staff1 and will contribute regularly to the ,galaxy4 ,,seventh4 ,,ten ,,years ,,in ,,rome1 giving an inside view of the ,roman ,catholic ,church1 by a late ,ecclesiastic1 will be a noteworthy series of articles4 ,,eighth4 ,,the ,,scientific ,,articles will be prepared by ,drs4 ,dalton and ,draper1 both eminent ,physiologists4 ,,ninth4 ,,the ,,editorial ,,staff of the ,galaxy is now very large1 and has on it the best talent engaged on ,american periodical literature4 ,we have arranged for very liberal clubbing terms with the other leading periodicals4 ,a sample copy will be sent on receipt of #be cents4 ,price1 #ce cents per number2 #d per year4 ,,now ,,is ,,the ,,time ,,to ,,subscribe4 ,,the ,,galaxy ,,is ,,the ,,best ,,of ,,american ,,magazines4 ,,sheldon ,,company1 #dih #ejj ,broadway1 ,new ,york4 99 99 99 99 99 ,,found ,,at ,,last4--,watches ,superseded4 ,the ,dollar ,time ,keeper4--,a ,perfect ,gem4--,elegantly cased in ,oriode of ,gold1 ,superior ,compass attachment1 ,enameled ,dial1 ,silver and ,brass ,works1 glass crystal1 size of ,ladies' ,watch4 ,will denote correct time1 warranted five years1 superb and showy case1 entirely of metal4 ,this is no wood ,compass4 ,is entirely new1 patented4 #fejj sold in three weeks4 ,only #a each1 three for #b1 in neat case1 mailed free4 ,trade supplied4 ,address the sole manufacturers1 ,,magnetic ,,watch ,,co1 ,hinsdale1 ,n4 ,h4 99 99 99 99 99 ,,stocks1 ,,dies1 ,,and ,,screw ,,plates ,horton's and other ,chucks4 ,,john ,,ashckoft1 #ej ,john st41 ,new ,york4 #af tf 99 99 99 99 99 ,,the ,,novelty ,,iron ,,works--,foot ,e4 #abth st41 and #gg and #hc ,liberty st41 ,new ,york ,manufacture the most approved ,stationary ,steam ,engine1 with ,variable ,cut-off1 now in use4 99 99 99 99 99 ,,robert ,mc,c,a,l,v,e,y1 ,manufacturer of ,,hoisting ,,machines ,,and ,,dumb ,,waiters4 #fjb ,cherry st41 ,philadelphia1 ,pa4 99 99 99 99 99 ,,statement4 ,,ordinary ,,furnace1 from #aeth to #bjth ,april1 produced #bc1aie lbs4 of ,muck ,bar1 and #bie lbs4 ,scrap ,bar1 worked double turn4 ,day turn started at #c ,a4,m41 and was done by #a ,p4,m4 ,night turn went on at #b ,p4,m41 and was done by #aa ,p4,m41 worked #e heats to each turn4 ,consumed #cej bushels of coal4 ,furnace was lighted on ,sunday out of coal4 ,the ,stevenson ,furnace1 from #aeth to #bjth ,april1 produced #bi1afj lbs4 of ,muck ,bar1 and #eae lbs4 of ,scrap ,bar1 worked double turn4 ,day turn started at #c ,a4,m41 and was done by #aj ,a4,m4 ,night turn started at #aa ,a4,m41 and was done by #f ,p4,m41 worked #f heats to each turn4 ,consumed #cjj bushels of coal4 ,furnace was lighted on ,sunday out of coal4 ,the same weight of heats of ,pig and ,scrap were weighed to each ,furnace4 ,on ,stevenson ,furnace1 #c1ifc lbs4 more ,muck ,bar1 and #bbj lbs4 more ,scrap ,bar were made1 with #ej bushels less coal than were used in other furnace4 ,the saving in ore 7fix7 in former over latter during the week1 was #dej lbs41 by actual weight4 ,a very important feature is the great saving accomplished in brick and brick-laying4 ,the first ,stevenson ,furnace1 put up three months1 has not had any repair put upon it1 and is1 to-day1 in good working order1 while the ordinary furnaces are generally repaired about every two weeks4 ,the cost1 over ordinary furnace1 is about seventy dollars4 ,we cheerfully bear witness to the truth of the above statements of ,mr4 ,stevenson4 ,they are rather under than over the mark4 ,the quality of iron made in his furnaces is the same as made by ordinary kind4 ,we think it a valuable improvement1 and intend to introduce it as fast as possible in our forge4 ,j4 ,,painter ,,sons4 ,,william ,,stevenson1 ,west ,pittsburgh1 ,pa4 99 99 99 99 99 ,,for ,,sale4--,the entire ,state ,rights 7except ,georgia and ,texas71 of the ,self-supporting ,gate4 ,every farmer wants it1 and will give from three to ten dollars for the right to make it for his own use4 ,address ,,john ,r4 ,,davis1 ,covington1 ,ca41 stating what you will give4 ,illustration 99 99 99 99 99 ,,largest-,,best-,,cheapest6 ,,moore',s ,,rural ,,new-,,yorker4 ,,the ,,great ,,illustrated ,rural1 ,literary1 and ,family ,weekly4 ,,moore',s ,,rural ,excels in ,,contents1 ,size1 ,style1 ,,illustrations1 etc4 ,sixteen ,double-,quarto ,pages of ,five ,columns ,each4 ,ably ,edited1 ,beautifully ,illustrated1 ,neatly ,printed1 and adapted to both ,town and ,country4 ,the ,,rural is ,profusely and ,splendidly ,illustrated--the vol4 just closed containing ,,over ,,eight ,,hundred ,,engravings6 ,the ,rural for #ahgj ,will be the ,largest1 ,best1 and ,cheapest ,,illustrated ,,journal ,,of ,,its ,,class in the ,world6 ,only #c a ,year1--#b #ej in ,clubs4 ,all who form ,clubs will get ,,good ,,pay ,,for ,,doing ,,good6 ,a choice of ,,over ,,one ,,hundred ,,valuable ,,premiums6 ,specimens1 ,premium ,lists1 ,posters1 etc41 sent free4 ,d4 ,d4 ,t4 ,,moome1 #da ,park ,row1 ,n4 ,y1 99 99 99 99 99 #b;d-,hand ,machinery4 #bbx#dh2 #afx#cf2 #ajx#bd2 #ix#ab2 #hx#bd1 ,stationary2 and #b ,portable ,engines1 in good order2 ,boilers of all sizes2 ,lathes2 ,wood and ,iron ,planers2 ,fay's ,molding ,machine2 ,machinery bought1 sold1 and exchanged4 ,w4 ,,willard1 #dg ,dey st41 ,new ,york4 99 99 99 99 99 ,,the ,,gem ,,novelty ,combines a ,superior ,battonhole ,cutter1 ,yard ,measure1 ,scissors ,snarpener1 ,knife ,sharpener1 ,pencil ,sharpener1 ,emery ,cushion1 ,seam ,ripper1 ,spool ,stand1,thread ,cutter1 ,scale1 and ,rule4 ,a standard1 popular1 and rich article for agents1 very ornamental and useful4 ,rapid sales guaranteed4 ,price prepaid by mail #a4 ,for sample and liberal terms4 ,address ,j4 ,h4 ,,martin1 ,hartford1 ,n4 ,y4 99 99 99 99 99 ,,an ,experienced ,civil and ,mechanical ,engineer is open for engagement as ,manager4 ,would undertake ,contract ,work4 ,address ,engineer1 care of ,philip ,s4 ,justice ,philadelphia1 ,pa4 99 99 99 99 99 ,mc,c,h,e,s,n,e,y',s ,,imp',,vd ,,gig ,,or ,,scroll ,saw4--,first ,medal and ,diploma1 ,fair of the ,american ,institute1 ,n4 ,y41 ,sept4 and ,oct41 #ahfi4 ,superior to any for either light or heavy work4 ,for description and price address ,t4,l4 ,,cornell1 ,birmingham1 ,conn4 99 99 99 99 99 ,,national ,,wages ,,tables-- ,showing at a glance any wages from #a to #cg1 by hour1 day1 or week1 from half an hour to four weeks4 ,half bound1 #ej cents2 cloth1 #ge cents2 in ,morocco1 #a4 ,sent by mail on receipt of ,price4 ,address ,,nelson ,,row1 ,publisher1 #adi ,fulton st41 ,new ,york4 99 99 99 99 99 ,,baird',s ,,catalogue ,,of ,,practical ,,scientific ,,books4 ,sent free of postage to any one who will furnish his address to ,,henry ,,carey ,,baird1 ,industrial ,publisher1 #djf ,walnut ,st41 ,,philadelphia4 99 99 99 99 99 ,,now ,,ready4 ,charles ,reade's ,great ,story1 ,,put ,,yourself ,,in ,,his ,,place4 ,,part ,,first4 ,one volume1 octavo1 elegantly illustrated4 ,price1 #a4 ,containing all published in the ,galaxy up to the ,january ,number4 ,this great story will be continued in the ,galaxy most of the year #ahgj4 ,,put ,,yourself ,,in ,his ,,place will be sent with the ,galaxy1 for #ahgj1 on receipt of #d4 which is the regular subscription price of the ,galaxy4 ,,the ,,galaxy ,,now ,,stands ,,at ,,the ,,head ,,of ,,american ,,magazines4 ,,recently ,,published4 ,,susan ,,fielding4 ,a ,,novel1 ,,by ,,mrs4 ,,edwards4 ,author of ,archie ,lovell and ,steven ,lawrence1 ,yeoman4 ,one vol41 octavo4 ,elegantly ,illustrated4 ,cloth1 #b4 ,paper1 #a #be4 ,also1 ,a ,new ,edition of ,,archie ,,lovell4 ,a ,,novel1 ,,by ,,mrs4 ,,edwards4 ,one volume1 octavo4 ,illustrated4 ,cloth4 #a #ge4 ,paper1 #a4 ,,steven ,,lawrence1 ,,yeomak ,a ,,novel1 ,,by ,,mrs4 ,,edwards4 ,one volume1 octavo4 ,illustrated4 ,cloth1 #b2 paper1 #a #be ,,sheldon ,,company1 ,publishers1 ,,new ,,york4 99 99 99 99 99 ,it ,still ,waves4 ,the old favorite1 the ,,star ,,spangled ,,banner4 ,the ,jan4 ,no4 just out1 ,now is the ,time to ,subscribe ,every ,no4 contains #dj long columns1 #h pages1 ,ledger size #dhj long columns of splendid reading during #ahgj4 ,four columns of swindling exposures in every ,no4 ,in fact the whole paper is brimming with ,wit1 ,humor1 ,fun ,sense ,nonsense1 ,wit1 ,wisdom1 ,wind1 ,fun1 ,fact1 ,fancy4 ,it is ,rich1 ,rare1 ,racy2 ,smart1 ,spicy1 ,sparkling4 ,it exposed #ajj swindlers last year1 and is bound to show up rascality without fear or favor4 ,you ,need it4 ,there is nothing ,like it4 ,it will instruct1 amuse1 and will ,save ,you ,money4 ,we give the superb steel plate1 #ax#b feet in size1 entitled ,evangeline1 mount it on roller1 and send it ,gratis1 and the paper till #ahga1 all for only #ge;c4 ,engraving alone sells for #b4 ,it is not a sell4 ,has been published regular since #ahfc4 ,largest circulation in ,new ,hampshire4 ,if you try it one year you will come again4 ,you have often thought of subscribing--,now is ,just the ,time4 ,we will refund your money if you are not ,perfectly ,satisfied it ,will ,pay4 ,you run no risk4 ,buy a copy of any newsman1 or send six cents and receive one by mail4 ,remember you get the elegant parlor engraving1 ,evangeline1 7richly worth #b71 and the paper a whole year2 all for only #ge;c4 ,satisfaction ,guaranteed1 or will return your cash4 ,address ,,star ,,spangled ,,banner1 ,hinsdale1 ,n4 ,h1 99 99 99 99 99 ,s4 ,,craige',s ,,patent ,,spur ,,for ,,sale at the ,philadelphia ,riding ,school1 ,nos #c1ccd to #db ,market st41 ,philadelphia4 ,this spur possesses advantages over every other spur4 ,is easily put on1 and solid when on4 ,will last a life-time4 ,suitable for ,ladies or ,gentlemen4 ,send size of heel4 99 99 99 99 99 ,,practical ,,draftsman',s ,,book ,,of ,,industrial ,,design ,,and ,,machinists' ,,engineers' ,,drawing ,,companion4 ,forming a ,complete ,course of ,mechanical1 ,engineering1 and ,architectural ,drawing4 ,from the ,french of ,m4 ,armengaud the elder1 ,prof4 of ,design in ,conservatoire of ,arts and ,industry1 ,paris1 and ,,mm4 ,armengaud the younger1 and ,amoroux1 ,civil ,engineers4 ,rewritten and arranged with additional matter and plates1 selections from and examples of the most useful and generally employed mechanism of the day4 ,by ,,william ,,johnson1 ,assoc4 ,inst41 ,c4,e4 ,illustrated by fifty folio steel plates1 and fifty wood cuts4 ,a new edition1 #dto4444444444444#aj ,among the contents are3--,linear ,drawing1 ,definitions1 and ,problems4 ,sweeps1 ,sections1 and ,moldings1 ,elementary ,gothic ,forms and ,rosettes4 ,ovals1 ,ellipses1 ,parabolas1 and ,volutes1 ,rules1 and ,practical ,data4 ,study of ,projections1 ,elementary ,principles4 ,of ,prisms and other ,solids4 ,rules and ,practical ,data4 ,on ,coloring ,sections1 with applications--,conventional ,colors1 ,composition or ,mixture of ,colors4 ,continuation of the ,study of ,projections--,use of ,sections--details of machinery4 ,simple applications--spindles1 shafts1 couplings1 wooden patterns4 ,method of constructing a wooden model or pattern of a coupling4 ,elementary applications4 ,rules and ,practical ,data4 ,,the ,,intersection ,,and ,,development ,,of ,,surfaces ,,with ,,applications4--,the ,intersection of ,cylinders and ,cones4 ,the ,delineation and ,development of ,helices1 ,screws1 and ,serpentines4 ,application of the helix--the construction of a staircase4 ,the ,intersection of ,surfaces--applications to stop cocks4 ,rules and ,practical ,data ,,the ,,study ,,and ,,construction ,,of ,,toothed ,,gear4--,involute1 cycloid1 and epicyloid4 ,involute4 ,cycloid ,external epicycloid1 described by a circle rolling about a fixed circle inside of it4 ,internal epicycloid4 ,delineation of a lack and pinion in gear4 ,gearing of a worm with a worm wheel4 ,cylindrical or ,spur ,gearing4 ,practical delineation of a couple of ,spur wheels4 ,the ,delineation and ,construction of ,wooden ,patterns for ,toothed ,wheels4 ,rules and ,practical ,data4 ,,continuation ,,of ,,the ,,study ,,of ,,toothed ,,gear4--,design for a pair of bevel wheels in gear4 ,construction of wooden patterns for a pair of beveled wheels4 ,involute and ,helical ,teeth4 ,contrivances for obtaining differential ,movements4 ,rules and ,practical ,data4 ,,elementary ,,principles ,,of ,,shadows4--,shadows of ,prisms1 ,pyramids1 and ,cylinders4 ,principles of ,shading4 ,continuation of the ,study of ,shadows4 ,tuscan ,order4 ,rules and ,practical ,data4 ,,application ,,of ,,shadows ,,to ,,toothed ,,gear4--,application of ,shadows to ,screws4 ,application of ,shadow to a ,boiler and its ,furnace4 ,shading in ,black--,shading in ,colors4 ,,the ,,cutting ,,and ,,shaping ,,of ,,masonry4--,rules and ,practical ,data4 ,remarks on ,machine ,tools4 ,,the ,,study ,,of ,,machinery ,,and ,,sketching4--,various applications and combinations3 ,the ,sketching of ,machinery4 ,drilling ,machines2 ,motive ,machines2 ,water-wheels4 ,construction and ,setting up of water wheels1 ,delineation of water wheels1 ,design of a water wheel1 ,sketch of a water wheel2 ,overshot ,water wheels1 ,water ,pumps2 ,steam ,motors2 ,high-pressure expansive steam engine4 ,details of ,construction2 ,movements of the ,distribution and ,expansion ,valves2 ,rules and ,practical ,data4 ,,oblique ,,projections4 ,,parallel ,,perspective4 ,,true ,,perspective4--,elementary principles4 ,applications--flour mill driven by belts4 ,description of the mill4 ,representation of the mill in perspective4 ,,examples ,,of ,,finished ,,drawings ,,of ,,machinery4 ,the above or any of my ,books sent by mail1 free of postage1 at the publication prices4 ,my new revised and enlarged ,,catalogue ,,of ,,practical ,,and ,,scientific ,,books1 #gd pp4 #hvo1 now ready1 complete to ,nov4 #a4 #ahfi1 will be sent1 free of postage1 to any one who will favor me with his address4 ,,henry ,,carey ,,baird ,industrial ,publisher1 #djf ,walnut st44,philadelphia1 ,pa4 99 99 99 99 99 ,a ,,blaze ,,of ,,beauty4 ,,for #ahgj4 ,,the ,,january ,,double ,,number ,,of ,,the ,,pictorial ,,phrenological ,,journal appears in bright array4 ,a new form1 new types1 numerous rich illustrations1 with sound and sensible reading matter1 render this the best ever issued4 ,among the contents are the following3 ,ferdinand ,de ,lesseps1 the chief promoter of the ,suez ,canal with a portrait and sketch of his life4 ,hon4 ,s4 ,s4 ,fisher1 ,united ,states ,commissioner of ,patents1 with portrait and biographical sketch1 and a glimpse of the workings of the ,patent ,office4 ,carlos ,manuel ,cespedes1 the ,president of the ,cuban ,republic4 ,george ,peabody1 the successful merchant1 banker1 and philanthropist4 ,dr ,tischendorff1 the eminent ,biblical discoverer and critic--his life1 travels1 and writings1 with portrait4 ,the ,kaffir ,race--,physically and mentally considered3 with engravings1 from life1 of young and old natives4 ,northwestern ,australians--,appearance1 customs1 and peculiarities1 dress1 ornaments1 food1 weapons1 etc4 ,the ,progress of ,science-,steam1 electricity1 invention1 scientific discovery1 anatomy1 physiology1 medicine1 phrenology4 ,brain ,waves--,progression of thought how thought and sentiment are transmitted4 ,what ,can ,i do ,best8--,or1 the requirements of the teacher4 ,who believes ,phrenology8--,are there among its followers persons of eminence and influence8 ,faces ,we ,meet--,what they tell us and how they affect us4 ,an ,afternoon at #chi--;,a glimpse at the specimens in our cabinet4 ,small cautiousness--,just for ,fun1 or trifling with death4 ,confessions of a ,smoker2 what he suffered in consequence of the habit2 how he reformed and the happy results4 ,the ,wasp ,waist--its metaphysics and physiology4 ,application--the necessity for its culture4 ,our ,country's ,agricultural ,resources--,a survey of our productions during the past fifty years with tables4 ,facts in ,natural ,history--,will a horsehair become a snake8 ,the ,hedge hog--,what it is1 how it lives1 and where it is found4 ,illustrated4 ,the ,sponge--,its origin1 growth1 and uses4 ,educational ,matters-,cornell1 ,harvard1 ,yale1 ,michigan4 ,cathedral of ,rheims-,the ,coronation place of the old ,french ,kings2 ,joan of ,arc4 ,this favorite ,,journal has now reached its fiftieth volume1 and appears in the usual magazine form4 ,we think it will prove even more popular than ever before4 ,terms1 only #cj a year4 ,thirty cents a ,no4 ,newsmen have it4 ,now is the time to subscribe for #ahgj4 ,premium list sent on application4 ,address ,s4,r4 ,,wells1 #chi ,broadway1 ,n4,y4 99 99 99 99 99 ,r4 ,,ball ,,co41 ,worcester1 ,mass41 ,manufacturers of ,woodworth's1 ,daniel's1 and ,dimension ,planers2 ,molding1 ,matching1 ,tenoning1 ,mortising ,shaping1 and ,boring ,machines2 ,scroll ,saws1 ,re-,sawing1 ,sand ,boring1 ,wood turning ,lathes and a variety of other ,machines for ,working ,wood4 ,also1 the best ,patent ,door1 ,hub1 and ,rail ,car ,mortising ,machines in the world4 ,send for our ,illustrated ,catalogue4 ,,richard ,,ball4 ,e4,p4 ,,halsted 99 99 99 99 99 ,,do ,,not ,,be ,,swindled4--,,read ,,starspangled ,,banner 99 99 99 99 99 ,,vinegar4--,how ,made from ,cider1 ,wine1 ,molasses1 or ,sorghum in #aj hours1 without using jugs4 ,for circulars1 address ,f ,i4 ,,sage1 ,vinegar ,maker1 ,cromwell ,conn4 99 99 99 99 99 ,,for ,,sale ,,low--,a ,no4 #f ,taft's ,pat4 ,power ,shears4 ,in use but a few days4 ,h4 ,mc,m,u,r,t,r,i,e ,,co1 #hj ,milk st41 ,boston1 ,mass4 99 99 99 99 99 ,,attention ,,inventors6 ,having lately made several important negotiations1 thereby leaving vacancies in our regular schedule1 we are now prepared to receive applications from patentees who wish to contract with us for the sale of their inventions4 ,enough will be selected to fill our list1 and negotiations for their sale immediately commenced4 ,comunications by mail promptly noticed4 ,commissions reasonable4 ,e4 ,e4 ,,roberts ,,co41 ,consulting ,engineers1 #ae ,wall st41 ,new ,york4 99 99 99 99 99 ,,hinkley ,,knitting ,,machine ,for ,family ,use--simple1 cheap1 reliable4 ,knits everything4 ,,agents ,,wanted4 ,circular and sample stocking ,,free4 ,address ,,hinkley ,,knitting ,,machine ,,co41 ,bath1 ,me41 or #agf ,broadway1 ,n4,y4 99 99 99 99 99 ,,cast ,,steel ,name ,punches1 ,letters1 and ,figures--all sizes and styles1 and for all purposes1 made by ,,robert ,,rogeks1 ,letter ,cutter1 #bf ,spruce st41 ,s4,e4 cor4 ,william st41 ,new ,york4 99 99 99 99 99 ,,parker ,,power ,,presses4 ,illustration ,are what are universally known as the ,,fowler ,,press1 improved1 and are without a rival as regards strength and durability1 combined with delicacy of adjustment of the ,punch4 ,,notice is hereby given that the ,,stiles ,,power ,,press is a direct ,,infringement ,,of ,,our ,,patent dated ,april #ag1 #ahee1 and reissued ,aug4 #bd1 #ahfi1 and ,,all ,,parties are hereby ,,cautioned against ,,buying ,,or ,,using said presses ,,without ,,our ,,permission4 ,,parker ,,brothers1 ,west ,meriden1 ,conn4 ,new ,york office with ,,chas4 ,,parker1 #bg ,beekman st4 99 99 99 99 99 ,,the ,,best ,,punching ,,presses ,,are made by the ,inventor and ,patentee of the famous ,eccentric ,adjustment4 ,infringements upon said ,patent will be severely dealt with4 ,n4,c4 ,,stiles1 ,middletown1 ,conn4 99 99 99 99 99 ,,wrought-,iron ,pipe for ,steam1 ,gas1 and ,water2 ,brass ,globe ,valves and ,stop ,cocks1 ,iron ,fittings1 etc4 ,,john ,,ashcroft1 #ej ,john ,st41 ,n4,y4 99 99 99 99 99 ,,richardson1 ,,meriam ,,co41 ,manufacturers of the latest improved ,patent ,daniels' and ,woodworth ,planing ,machines1 ,matching1 ,sash and molding1 ,tenoning1 ,mortising1 ,boring1 ,shaping ,vertical and ,circular ,re-sawing ,machines1 ,saw ,mills1 ,saw ,arbors1 ,scroll ,saws1 ,railway1 ,cut-off1 and ,rip-saw ,machines1 ,spoke and ,wood ,turning ,lathes1 and various other kinds of ,wood-working ,machinery4 ,catalogues and price lists sent on application4 ,manufactory1 ,worcester1 ,mass4 ,warehouse1 #ajg ,liberty st41 ,new ,york4 #ag 99 99 99 99 99 ,,cincinnati ,,brass ,,works4--,engineers' and ,steam ,fitters' ,brass ,work4 ,best ,quality at very ,low ,prices4 ,f4 ,,lunkenheimer1 ,prop'r1 ,cincinnati1 ,ohio4 99 99 99 99 99 ,l4,w4 ,pond's ,new ,tools4 ,,new ,,and ,,improved ,,patterns-- ,lathes1 ,planers1 ,drills1 ,milling ,machines1 ,boring ,mills1 ,gear and ,bolt ,cutters ,punches and ,shears for iron4 ,dealer in ,,iron ,,wood ,,working ,,machinery ,works at ,worcester1 ,mass4 ,office1 #ih ,liberty st41 ,n4,y4 ,s4,n4 ,,hartwell1 ,general ,agent4 99 99 99 99 99 ,s4,s4,b ,,so ,,said ,,bill4 ,the ,,star ,,spangled ,,banner saved me from sending #aj to a swindler4 99 99 99 99 99 ,,wanted--,iron ,planers1 ,engine ,lathes1 ,boring and ,shaping ,machines1 one set of ,boiler ,tools1 ,cupola1 etc42 must be modern tools1 and as good as new4 ,address1 with catalogue and lowest cash prices1 ,,john ,,cooper ,,co41 ,mount ,vernon1 ,ohio4 99 99 99 99 99 ,niagara ,steam ,pump4 ,,chas4 ,b4 ,,hardick1 ,no4 #i ,adams st41 ,brooklyn1 ,n4,y4 99 99 99 99 99 ,,otis' ,,safety ,,hoisting ,machinery4 ,,otis ,,brothers ,,co4 ,,no4 #cji ,,broadway1 ,,new ,,york4 99 99 99 99 99 ,do your own ,printing ,,with ,a ,,novelty ,,job ,,printing ,,press ,the only ,low-,priced ,press ever invented1 that will do good printing4 ,printing can be done as well and as rapidly on this press as on the best that printers use2 and for printing offices where artificial power is not used1 or for business men1 apothecaries1 grocers1 country traders1 and others who desire to do their own printing1 it is entirely without a rival4 ,the ,best ,holiday ,gift for ,boys4 ,price of ,presses--#ae1 #cj1 #cb1 and #ej4 ,send for full descriptive illustrated circulars1 with testimonials from all parts of the country1 and specimens of plain and color printing done on the press1 specimen sheets of types1 borders1 cuts1 rules1 etc41 to ,,benj4 ,o4 ,,woods1 ,proprietor1 #cea ,federal st41 ,boston1 ,mass4 ,illustration 99 99 99 99 99 ,,iron ,,steamers1 ,,hulls1 ,,lighters4 ,estimates ,specifications furnished on application4 ,,henry ,j4 ,,davison1 #gg ,liberty st41 ,new ,york1 ,agent for ,pusey1 ,jones ,co4 #ba tf 99 99 99 99 99 ,,hair1 ,,wool1 ,,and ,,cotton ,,duck ,,felt1 for sale by the ,square foot1or boilers covered by ,contract4 ,,russian ,,felt1 of every description1 a ,,specialty1 by ,,henry ,j4 ,,davison #gg ,liberty st41 ,n4,y4 99 99 99 99 99 ,,wagon ,,axles1 ,,common1 ,,concord1 ,,iron ,,hub1 and ,,solid ,,collar1 of superior quality finish4 ,also1 ,manufacturers of ,machinery1 ,pat4 ,steam and ,belt ,forge ,hammers1 ,power ,shears1 ,car ,axles1 ,windlass ,necks ,truss ,shapes1 ,crowbars1 ,boiler ,fronts1 ,cast ,iron ,jack ,screws1 ,patent ,swage ,blocks1 ,tire ,benders4 ,forgings ,castings4 ,address1 for ,price ,list1 ,,lyman ,,kinsley ,,co41 ,cambridgeport1 ,mass4 99 99 99 99 99 ,,to ,,the ,,working ,,class4--,we are now prepared to furnish all classes with constant employment at home1 the whole of the time or for the spare moments4 ,business new1 light and profitable4 ,persons of either sex easily earn from #eoc4 to #e per evening1 and a proportional sum by devoting their whole time to the business4 ,boys and girls earn nearly as much as men4 ,that all who see this notice may send their address1 and test the business1 we make this unparalleled offer3 ,to such as are not well satisfied1 we will send #a to pay for the trouble of writing4 ,full particulars1 a valuable sample1 which will do to commence work on1 and a copy of ,the ,people's ,literary ,companion--one of the largest and best family newspapers published--all sent free by mail4 ,reader1 if you want permanent1 profitable work1 address ,e4,c4 ,,allen ,,co41 ,augusta1 ,maine4 99 99 99 99 99 ,,inventors1 ,,agents1 ,,merchants1 and all ,dealers in ,patents or ,patented ,goods1 should subscribe for the ,,patent ,,star1 devoted to their ,interests4 ,terms #eoc4 per year4 ,send stamp for sample to ,,bent1 ,,goodnow ,,co41 ,boston1 ,mass4 99 99 99 99 99 ,,wroucht ,,iron ,,beams ,,girders ,the ,union ,iron ,mills1 ,pittsburgh1 ,pa4 ,the attention of ,engineers and ,architects is called to our improved ,wrought-iron ,beams and ,girders 7patented71 in which the compound welds between the stem and flanges1 which have proved so objectionable in the old mode of manufacturing1 are entirely avoided1 we are prepared to furnish all sizes at terms as favorable as can be obtained elsewhere4 ,for descriptive lithograph address the ,union ,iron ,mills4 ,pittsburgh1 ,pa4 99 99 99 99 99 ,,ashcroft',s ,,low-,,water ,,detector will insure your ,boiler against explosion4 ,,john ,,ashcroft1 #ej ,john st44 ,new ,york4 #af tf 99 99 99 99 99 ,,power ,,looms4 ,impreved ,drop ,box4 ,spooling1 ,winding1 ,beaming1 ,dyeing1 and ,sizing ,machines ,self-,actmg1 ,wool-,scouring ,machines1 ,hydra ,extractors ,also1 ,shafting1 ,pulleys1 and ,sen-,oiling ,adjusable ,han444ers ,transcribers note3 word illegible1 manuf'd by ,,thos4 ,,wood1 #bajf ,wood st41 ,philad'a4 ,pa 99 99 99 99 99 ,,woodbury',s ,,patent ,planing and ,matching and ,molding ,machmes1 ,gray ,wood's ,planers1 ,self-oiling ,saw ,arbors1 and other wood working machinery4 ,s4 ,a4 ,,woods1 _/ #ia ,liberty street1 ,n4 ,y42 ,send for ,circulars4 #fg ,sudbury street1 ,boston4 99 99 99 99 99 ,,boiler ,,felting ,,saves ,,twenty-,,five ,,per ,,cent ,,of ,,fuel4 ,,john ,,ashcroft1 #ej ,john st4 ,new ,york4 #af tf 99 99 99 99 99 ,,watch ,,swindles4--,humbug ,music ,boxes4 ,bogus ,money4 ,four columns of ,ventilations in the ,,star ,,spangled ,,banner4 99 99 99 99 99 ,,buerk',s ,,watchman',s ,,time ,,detector4--,important for all large ,corporation and ,manufacturing concerns--capable of controlling with the utmost accuracy the motion of a watchman or patrolman1 as the same reaches different stations of his beat1 ,send for a ,circular4 ,j4,e4,,buebk1 ,p4,o4,box #a1jeg1 ,boston1 ,mass4 ,n4,b4--,this detector is covered by two ,u4 ,s4 patents4 ,parties using or selling these instruments without authority from me will be dealt with according to law4 99 99 99 99 99 ,,lathe ,,chucks--,,horton',s ,,patent--from #d to #cf inches4 ,also for car wheels4 ,address ,e4 ,,horton ,,son1 ,windsor ,locks1 ,conn4 99 99 99 99 99 ,,catalogues #aj ,,cents ,,each1 ,,sent ,,by ,,mail4 ,,mathematical ,,instruments1 #aab pages4 ,,optical ,,instruments1 #gb pages4 ,,magic ,,lanterns and ,,stereopticons1 #ajjpp4 ,,philosophical ,,instruments1 #hd pages4 ,,james ,w4 ,,queen ,,co41 #ibd ,chestnut st44,philadelphia ,pa 99 99 99 99 99 ,,cotton ,,and ,,wool ,,shoddy ,,pickers ,of the most approved ,english pattern1 built by ,,richabd ,,kitson ,lowell1 ,mass4 99 99 99 99 99 ,excelsior ,lubricator ,for ,cylinders of ,engines4 ,the most durable and best oil cup1 manufactured by ,b4 ,e4 ,,lehman1 ,lehigh ,valley ,brass ,works4 ,bethlehem1 ,pa4 ,send for desc'ive circular 99 99 99 99 99 ,,models1 ,,patterns1 ,,experimental1 and other machinery4 ,models for the ,patent ,office built to order by ,,holske ,,machine ,,co41 ,nos4 #ebh1 #ecj and #ecb ,water st41 near ,jefferson4 ,refer to ,,scientific ,,american office4 #ad tf 99 99 99 99 99 ,,machinery ,,for ,,sale-- ,consisting of steam engines1 boilers1 machinists' tools1 planers from two to five feet wide1 lathes from #a to #g-;ft4 swing1 and one boring1 turning1 and slotting mill1 of #h-;ft4 swing1 trip hammer1 blacksmith's tools1 fire proof safes1 portable mills1 fan blowers1 water wheels1 pulleys1 shafting1 belting1 platform scales1 etc41 etc42 all at prices that will insure a rapid sale4 ,send for schedule4 ,engines1 water wheels1 and machinery made to order4 ,,geobge ,t4 ,mc,l,a,u,t,h,l,i,n ,,co41 #abj ,fulton st41 ,boston1 ,mass4 99 99 99 99 99 ,m4 ,n4 ,,forney1 ,mechanical ,engineer1 #fd ,b'dway 7,room #dh71 ,n4,y4 ,designs1 ,plans1 ,estimates and ,working ,drawings of ,machinery4 etc41 promptly and accurately made4 ,instruction given in ,mechanical ,drawing to a limited number of pupils4 99 99 99 99 99 ,,new ,,scroll ,,saw 7,moyer's ,pat471 with--out ,post or ,gate2 uniform ,tension2 no jarring or noise2 executes better and faster than any other4 ,send for a circular4 ,,hampson ,,copeland1 #db ,cortlandt st41 ,new ,york4 99 99 99 99 99 ,,perfectly ,,reliable4--,established #ahfc4 ,satisfaction ,guaranteed4 ,star ,spangled ,banner4 #ge cents a year4 99 99 99 99 99 ,,the ,,woodward ,,steam-,,pump ,,manufactubing ,,company1 ,manufacturers of the ,woodward ,pat4 ,improved ,safety ,steam ,pump and ,fire ,engine1 ,steam1 ,water1 and ,gas ,fittings of all kinds4 ,also1 ,dealers in ,wrought-iron ,pipe1 ,boiler ,tubes1 etc4 ,hotels1 ,churches1 ,factories1 ,public ,buildings1 ,heated by ,steam1 ,low ,pressure4 ,woodward ,building1 #gf and #gh ,center st41 cor4 of ,worth st4 7formerly of #gg ,beekman st471 ,n4,y4 ,all parties are hereby cautioned against infringing the ,pat4 ,bight of the above ,pump4 ,g4 ,m4 ,,woodwabd1 ,pres't4 99 99 99 99 99 ,,camden ,tool and ,tube ,works1 ,camden1 ,n4 ,j4 ,manufacturers of ,wrought ,iron ,tube4 ,brass ,work and ,fittings1 and all the most improved ,,tools for ,screwing1 ,cutting1 and ,fitting ,pipe4 ,screwing ,machines for ,pipe1 of five different sizes4 ,pipe ,tongs1 ,common and ,adjustable2 ,pipe ,cutters1 ,pipe ,vises1 ,taps1 ,bearners1 ,drills1 ,screwing ,stocks1 and ,solid ,dies4 ,peace's ,patent ,screwing ,stocks1 with dies4 ,no4 ,i ,screws 1 #c_/h1 1 1 ,pipe4 ,price complete1 #aj4 ,no4 #b ,screws1 #a1 #a1 #a1 #b ,pipe1 #bj4 ,no4 #c both screws and cuts off1 #b1 #c1 #c1 #d1 #fe4 99 99 99 99 99 ,,todd ,,rafferty1 ,manufacturers and ,,dealers ,,in ,,machinery4 ,works1 ,paterson1 ,n4 ,j42 ,warerooms1 #aj ,barclay ,st41 ,n4 ,y ,boilers1 ,steam ,pumps1 ,machinists' ,tools4 ,also1 ,flax1 ,hemp1 ,rope1 and ,oakum ,machinery1 ,snow's and ,judson's ,governors1 ,wright's pat4 ,variable ,cut-off other engines4 99 99 99 99 99 ,to ,electro-,platers4 ,,batteries1 ,,chemicals1 ,,and ,,materials1 in sets or single1 with books of instruction1 manufactured and sold by ,,thomas ,,hall1 ,manufacturing ,electrician1 #ai ,bromfleld st41 ,boston1 ,mass4 ,illustrated catalogue sent free on application4 99 99 99 99 99 ,,portable ,,steam ,,engines1 combining the maximum of efficiency1 durability and economy1 with the minimum of weight and price4 ,they are widely and favorably known1 more than #gej being in use4 ,all warranted satisfactory or no sale4 ,descriptive circulars sent on application4 ,address ,j ,c ,,hoadley ,,co ,lawrence1 ,mass 99 99 99 99 99 ,,blind-,,slat ,,tenon ,,machine4--,we have recently patented one of the above ,machines1 which we ,,guarantee ,,superior to any machine of the kind in use4 ,shall be pleased to furnish cuts and prices of this and any other ,wood-working ,machinery4 ,address ,,steptoe1 ,mc,f,a,b,l,a,n ,,co41 ,cincinnati1 ,ohio4 99 99 99 99 99 ,,for ,,cuts ,,and ,,prices of ,machinists' ,tools1 address ,,steptoe1 ,mc,f,a,r,l,a,n ,,co41 ,cincinnati1 ,ohio1 99 99 99 99 99 ,,steam ,,and ,,water ,,gages1 ,,steam ,whistles1 ,gage ,cocks1 and ,engineers' ,supplies4 #af tf ,,john ,,ashcroft1 #ej ,john ,st41 ,new ,york4 99 99 99 99 99 ,h4 ,,boardman1 ,lancaster1 ,pa4--,superior ,patent ,cork-cutting ,machinery1 ,hard-laid ,twine ,cord1 and ,rope ,machinery1 with ,pat4 ,stop ,condenser 99 99 99 99 99 ,,woodworth ,,planers a ,,specialty--,from new patterns of the most approved style and workmanship4 ,wood-working ,machinery generally4 ,nos4 #bd and #bf ,central1 corner ,union street1 ,worcester1 ,mass4 ,warerooms4 #db ,cortlandt street1 ,new ,york4 ,,witherby1 ,,rugg ,,richardson4 99 99 99 99 99 ,,silicate ,,of ,,soda1 ,,in ,,its ,,various forms1 manufactured as a specialty1 by ,philadelphia ,quartz ,co41 #ghc ,south #b;d ,st41 ,philadelpnia1 ,pa4 99 99 99 99 99 #aa-b by #b ,,feet ,,is ,,the superb new plate ,evangeline1 given free to all who send #ge cents for the ,,star ,,spangled ,,banner1 for #ahgj4 99 99 99 99 99 ,pevey's ,cupola1 ,,warranted to ,melt1 with1 one tun of ,coal1 #bjjj lbs4 of ,iron ,,more than any other ,cupola now in use4 ,,abiel ,,pevey1 ,patentee and ,proprietor1 ,lowell1 ,mass4 ,van ,tuyl ,co4 ,no4 #bgc ,cherry st14 ,new ,york1 ,agents4 99 99 99 99 99 ,,merrick ,,sons ,southwark ,foundery1 #dcj ,washington ,ave41 ,philadelphia1 ,pa41 ,,manufacture ,,nasmyth ,,davy ,,steam ,,hammers1 ,,cornish ,,pumping1 ,,blast1 ,,horizontal1 ,,vertical1 ,,and ,,oscillating ,,engines4 ,gas ,machinery of all descriptions4 ,sugar ,refineries fitted up complete1 with all modern apparatus4 ,new ,york office #fb ,broadway4 99 99 99 99 99 ,,lecount',s ,,patent ,,hollow ,,lathe ,,dogs ,,and ,,clamps4--,a set of #h ,dogs from #c_/h to #b-;in41 inclusive1 #h4 ,a set of #ab from #c_/h to #d-;in41 #ag4cj4 ,five sizes ,machinists' ,clamps1 from #b to #f-;in41 inclusive1 #aa4 ,send for ,circular4 ,c4,w4 ,,lecount4 ,south ,norwalk1 ,conn4 ,illustration ,illustration 99 99 99 99 99 ,,mason',s ,,pat',t ,,friction ,,clutches are ,manufactured by ,volney ,w4 ,mason ,co41 ,providence1 ,r4,i4 ,agents1 ,r4 ,,brooks ,,co41 #abc ,ave4 ,d1 ,new ,york4 ,,taplin ,,rice ,,co4 ,akron1 ,ohio #af tfeow 99 99 99 99 99 ,molding ,machinery4 ,,the ,,most ,,valuable ,,machine ,,for ,planing ,irregular and ,straight ,work in all branches of ,wood-,working1 is the ,combination ,molding and ,planing ,machine ,co4's ,variety ,molding and ,planing ,machine4 ,our improved guards make it safe to operate2 our combination collars save one hundred per cent2 and for planing1 molding1 and cutting irregular forms1 our ,machine is unsurpassed4 ,the right to make and vend these ,machines is owned solely by us1 and we will defend ,purchasers in case litigation is forced upon them by any parties pretending to own ,patent on any part of our ,variety ,machine4 ,,combination ,,molding ,,and ,,planing ,,machine ,,co41 #dbd ,east #bc;d st41 or ,postoffice ,box #cbcj ,new ,york ,city4 ,silas ,m4 ,hamilton1 ,baltimore ,samuel ,leggert1 ,new ,york4 #ai tfeow 99 99 99 99 99 ,gear's ,variety ,moulding ,machine1 ,,warranted ,,the ,,best in ,,the ,,world ,,for ,moulding and ,cutting ,irregular ,forms1 with ,patent ,improvements for ,combination ,cutters1 and ,patent ,guard to protect operator and material4 ,secured by six ,patents4 ,deeds of ,right to use furnished with every ,machine sold1 to protect parties in using them4 ,before purchasing ,combination ,moulding and ,planing ,machine ,co4's or ,grosvenor's ,mongrel ,infringing ,machines1 7which they and their agents1 in behalf of the ,singer ,sewing ,machine ,co41 and the ,central ,pacific ,r4,r4 ,co41 and others to whom they had sold ,machines to be used out of the ,state of ,new ,york1 have been made to pay us for using7 or ,ball's or ,fay's infringing ,machines1 which users have had to pay us for right to use4 ,address for particulars and ,machines1 ,sole ,owners and ,lawful ,manufacturers for all the ,united ,states1 except ,new ,york ,a4,s4 ,j4 ,,gear ,,co41 ,,new ,,haven1 ,,conn41 or #ia ,liberty ,street1 ,new ,york4 99 99 99 99 99 ,,machinery4--,s4,c4 ,,hills1 ,no4#ab ,platt st41 ,new ,york1 dealer in all kinds of ,machinery and ,machinists' supplies4 #b tf a 99 99 99 99 99 ,,platinum4 ,h4,m4 ,,raynor #eg ,bond st41 ,n4,y4 99 99 99 99 99 ,,agents wanted everywhere4 ,brown's ,pat4 ,double ,cone ,ventilating ,damper gives the most heat with the least fuel4 ,send tor ,circulars4 ,o4,r4 ,,briggs ,,co41 #ahd ,washington st41 ,n4,y 99 99 99 99 99 ,,american ,,tinned ,,sheet ,,iron4 ,coating uniformly over the entire sheet1 by an entirely new and patented process4 ,all sizes and gages on hand and made to order4 ,h4 ,w4 ,,butterworth ,,son1 #bi and #ca ,haydock st41 ,philadelphia1 ,pa4 #be eow tt 99 99 99 99 99 ,independent ,steam ,,boiler ,,supply1 ,,or ,feed ,pump4 ,,reliable ,,for ,,hot ,,or ,,cold ,,water4 ,illustration ,circulars sent free4 ,,cope ,,co41 ,no4 #aah ,east #b;d st41 ,cincinnati1 ,ohio 99 99 99 99 99 ,,breech-,,loading ,,gun4-- ,probably superior to any in the market4 ,patent for sale4 ,address ,t4,l41 ,box #gbh ,postoffice1 ,derby1 ,conn1 99 99 99 99 99 ,,circular ,,saw ,,mills1 ,,planers ,matchers1 etc4 ,prices ,low4 ,s4 ,,heald ,,sons ,barre1 ,mass41 make the ,largest and ,best ,planer to be found for the money4 ,send for circulars4 99 99 99 99 99 ,,shingle ,,and ,,heading ,,machine--,trevor ,co4's ,improved4 ,the ,simplest and ,best in use4 ,also1 ,shingle1 ,heading1 and ,stave ,jointers1 ,stave ,cutters1 ,equalizers4 ,heading ,turners1 ,planers1 etc4 ,address ,,trevor ,,co1 ,lockport1 ,n4 ,y4 99 99 99 99 99 ,,the ,,inventor',s ,,and ,,mechanic',s ,,guide4--,a valuable book upon ,mechanics1 ,patents1 and ,new ,inventions4 ,containing the ,u4 ,s4 ,patent ,laws1 ,rules and ,directions for doing business at the ,patent ,office2 #aab diagrams of the best mechanical movements1 with descriptions2 the ,condensing ,steam ,engine1 with engraving and description2 ,how to ,invent2 ,how to ,obtain ,patents2 ,hints upon the ,value of ,patents2 ,how to sell ,patents2 ,forms for ,assignments2 ,information upon the ,rights of ,inventors1 ,assignees and ,joint ,owners2 ,instructions as to ,interferences1 ,reissues1 ,extensions ,caveats1 together with a great variety of useful information in regard to patents1 new inventions1 and scientific subjects1 with scientific tables1 and many illustrations #ajh pages4 ,this is a most valuable work4 ,price only #be cents4 ,address ,,munn ,,co41 #cg ,park ,row1 ,n4,y4 99 99 99 99 99 ,,ball1 ,,black ,,co4 ,nos4 #efe and #efg ,,broadway1 ,offer an ,unequaled ,assortment of ,,jurgensen1 ,,nardine1 ,,jacot1 ,,saltzmah1 ,,nicoud1 ,,gerard1 ,,frodsham1 ,,peardon1 ,,gording1 ,,rugenstein1 ,,harrison1 ,,taylor4 ,,also1 ,a ,,full ,,line ,,of ,,american ,,watches1 ,at the ,lowest ,price4 99 99 99 99 99 ,,roper ,carloric ,engine ,co41 #di ,cortlandt st4 ,new ,style ,upright ,engines4 ,send for ,circular4 99 99 99 99 99 ,perpetual ,brick ,kiln4 ,,saves #b-c ,,in ,,fuel4 ,address ,,wedekind ,,dueberg1 #ee ,n4 ,calvert st41 ,baltimore1 ,md4 99 99 99 99 99 ,,wanted-,to correspond with an extensive manufacturing firm of #ast-class reliability1 to make and sell1 on royalty1 ,dodge's #b-way cock or pump attachment4 ,exclusive control of territory given4 #ajj1jjj doz wanted in ,u4,s4 ,address ,hedden ,dodge1 ,lowville1 ,n4,y4 99 99 99 99 99 ,,wanted4-- ,in an ,extensive ,agricultural ,implement ,works in ,ohio1 an ,experienced and ,capable ,superintendent4 ,none but a ,through ,machinist1 who can give high reference as to ,character1 etc41 need apply4 ,address ,thrashing ,machine ,works1 ,drawer #eidg1 ,chicago1 ,ill4 99 99 99 99 99 ,,riggs' ,,belmontyle ,,oil ,,prevents ,rust1 ,tarnish1 etc4 ,send for circular to ,h4,b4 ,riggs1 #aej ,front ,street1 ,hew ,york4 99 99 99 99 99 ,the ,mother's ,journal4 ,,the ,,best ,,home ,,magazine ,,in ,,the ,,world4 ,beautifully illustrated2 #fjj double-column pages2 #b per year4 ,specimens sent free4 ,now is the time4 ,address ,,mothers' ,,journal1 ,chicago1 #aaa4 99 99 99 99 99 ,,decision ,,on ,,steam ,,engines4--,wm4 ,a4 ,,harris1 builder of the ,corliss ,steam ,engine1 was awarded the #ast ,premium at the ,national ,fair of the ,american ,institute1 ,new ,york1#ahfi1 for its superiority in economy in fuel1 regularity in speed1 perfect construction1 accessibility of all its parts4 ,send for a circular4 ,one #hj-;,h4,p4 ,engine1 ready for delivery2 one #dj-;,h4,p4 ,engine1 ready for delivery2 three #cj-;,h4,p4 ,engines1 ready for delivery4 ,,wm4 ,a4 ,,harris ,providence ,r4,i4 ,new ,york ,office #di ,murray st4 ,send for a circular4 99 99 99 99 99 ,manufacturers' ,depot4 ,,spokes1 ,,hubs1 ,,wheels1 ,and a general assortment of ,carriage and ,wagon ,wood work4 ,the above goods are of our own manufacture1 which enables us to offer better inducements than any other ,house in the city4 ,n4,g4 ,,olds ,,son1 #ea ,murray st41 ,new ,york4 99 99 99 99 99 ,,root',s ,,wrought ,,iron ,,sectional ,safety ,boiler4 ,composed of best ,wrought ,iron ,tubes1 tested to #ejj pounds2 no large sheet iron1 shell or thin cast iron to explode4 ,absolutely safe1 economical1 durable1 and efficient4 ,send for pamphlet4 ,also1 ,steam ,engines1 ,steam ,pumps1 etc4 ,,root ,,steam ,,engine ,,co41 #ie and #ig ,liberty ,st41 ,new ,york4 99 99 99 99 99 ,,for ,,sale--,a #fj-;,h4,p4 ,root's ,sectional ,safety ,boiler1 at ,atlantic ,sugar ,refinery4 ,brooklyn4 ,apply to ,,labatt ,,co41 #aaa ,front st41 ,new ,york4 99 99 99 99 99 ,,power ,,pledged ,equal to any overshot1 with ,n4,f4 ,,burnham',s ,new ,turbine ,water ,wheel4 ,illustrated ,pamphlet1 for #ahgj1 with ,reduced ,price ,list1 sent free by ,n4,f4 ,,burnham1 ,patentee1 ,york1 ,pa41 or ,s4,n4 ,hartwell1 ,ag't1 #ih ,liberty st41 ,n4,y4 ,illustration 99 99 99 99 99 ,the ,woven ,wire ,mattress ,co4 ,,of ,,hartford1 ,,conn41 ,call attention to the fact1 that they have established ,,an ,,agency in the ,city of ,,new ,,york1 at #hb ,e4 ,ninth ,st41 opposite the store of ,a4 ,t4 ,stewart ,co41 for the sale of the ,woven ,wire ,mattress4 ,all who are interested in the article in this ,no4 of the ,scientific ,american1 all who admired its qualities at the ,american ,institute ,fair1 and all who desire ,a ,,perfect ,,bed1 are requested to call at the ,agency and examine it4 ,the ,mattresses are for sale by many of the ,furniture ,dealers in the city1 and also throughout ,new ,england4 ,if your furniture dealer does ,,not keep them1 order one through him1 at the ,agency in ,new ,york1 or directly from the ,co4 ,send for circulars1 rights1 or any information desired1 to ,,geo4 ,c4 ,,perkins1 ,sup't1 ,hartford1 ,ct4 99 99 99 99 99 ,,stereoscopes ,,with ,,endless ,,chain--,to hold from #c to #ej doz4 pictures1 in great variety1 at the ,patentee's manufactory4 ,,alx ,,becker1 #efj ,broadway1 ,n4,y4 99 99 99 99 99 ,,to ,,inventors ,,and ,,manufacturers ,,in ,,the ,,united ,,states-- ,mr4 ,george ,wood1 ,wood's ,museum and ,menagerie1 respectfully and earnestly invites the attention of ,inventors and ,manufacturers to the fact that1 at a large expense1 he has arranged a hall in the ,museum ,building1 for the purpose of exhibiting to the public ,models1 ,machines1 and all the products of inventive genius in active working operation4 ,the space allotted for this purpose embraces #f1jjj square feet1 supplied with ,steam-power1 ,gas1 and all the requirements of the ,workshop1 the ,factory1 and the ,laboratory1 which will be kept open every day and evening1 and form a perpetual ,,mechanics' ,,fair1 affording an opportunity to ,inventors and ,mechanics to place their products before thousands of daily visitors at a nominal tariff4 ,inventors and ,mechanics are earnestly invited to co-operate in this laudable and advantageous enterprise1 and are requested to call on or address ,,mr4 ,,walter ,p4 ,,newhall1 ,superintendent of ,machinery and ,models4 ,,geo4 ,,wood1 ,proprietor4 ,office at ,wood's ,museum1 corner ,broadway and #cjth st4 99 99 99 99 99 ,,french ,,band ,,saw ,,machines1 ,,saws1 ,taper ,files1 etc41 ,machines for ,scroll1 ,re-sawing1 and ,log2 ,mongin ,co4's ,band ,saw ,blades1 all ,sizes1 on hand and made to order4 ,all ,styles of ,band ,saw ,machines in operation at ,mahogany ,mill1 #ajth st41 ,e4,r4 ,,george ,,gueutal1 ,sole ,agent for the ,u4,s41 #ci ,west #dth st41 ,n4,y4 99 99 99 99 99 ,horsford's ,bread ,preparation4 ,the only baking powder recommended by ,scientific ,men4 ,made under personal supervision of ,prof4 ,horsford1 of ,harvard ,university4 ,restores to fine flour the ,phosphates4 ,refer to ,s4,h4 ,wales1 ,scientific ,american2 ,dr4 ,fordyce ,barker2 ,dr4 ,john ,h4 ,griscom2 ,dr4 ,wm4,a4 ,hammorid 7late ,surgeon ,gen4 ,u4,s4 ,army71 ,prof4 ,r4,o4 ,doremus1 all of ,new ,york2 ,prof4 ,j4,c4 ,booth1 ,prof4 ,s4,h4 ,dickson1 ,philadelphia1 etc4 ,liebig ,horsiord's ,essay on ,bread ,making sent free4 ,,wilson1 ,,lockwood1 ,,everett ,,co41 #bja ,fulton st41 ,new ,york1 ,general ,agents4 99 99 99 99 99 ,,sturdevant',s ,,fan ,,blowers1 ,pressure ,blowers1 ,,the ,,best ,,for ,,all ,,purposes4 ,judson's ,governors4 ,,the ,,only ,,reliable4 ,,jas4,l4 ,,haven ,,co41 ,cincinnati1 ,ohio1 ,agents for the above standard1 articles4 99 99 99 99 99 ,oak ,leather ,belting4 ,manufactured ,dy ,,chas4 ,a4 ,,schieren1 #ib ,gold st41 ,n4,y4 99 99 99 99 99 ,,schlenker',s ,,patent ,,bolt ,,cutter ,,new ,,invention4 ,,address4 ,,howard ,,iron ,,works4 ,,buffalo4 ,n4,y4 99 99 99 99 99 ,illustration ,reynolds' ,turbine ,water ,wheels4 ,no ,complex1 ,duplex1 or ,triplex complications4 ,all such are costly1 perishable1 easily clogged1 inaccessible4 ,mill ,gearing1 ,shafting1 and ,pulleys4 ,send for ,illustrated ,pamphlet4 ,,george ,,tallcot1 #if ,liberty st41 ,new ,york4 99 99 99 99 99 ,,steam ,,engines ,,boilers ,from #d to #ejj-;,h4,p41 including celebrated ,corliss ,patent ,variable ,cut-off ,engines1 ,slide ,valve ,stationary ,engines1 ,portable ,engines1 etc4 ,also1 ,circular ,mulay1 ,gang ,saw ,mills ,sugar ,cane ,mills1 ,shafting1 ,pulleys1 etc4 ,wheat and ,corn ,mills1 ,circular ,saws1 ,belting1 etc4 ,send for ,circular and ,price ,list4 ,,wood ,,mann ,,steam ,,engine ,,co41 ,utica1 ,n4,y4 99 99 99 99 99 ,,iron ,,planers1 ,,engine ,,lathes1 ,drills1 and other ,machinists' ,tools1 of ,superior ,quality1 on hand and finishing4 ,for sale ,low4 ,for ,description and ,price1 address ,,new ,,haven ,,manufacturing ,,co41 ,new ,haven1 ,conn4 #e tf os 99 99 99 99 99 ,free4--,our ,new ,catalogue of ,improved ,,stencil ,,dies4 ,more than #bjj ,a ,,month is being made with them ,s4,m4 ,,spencer ,,co41 ,brattleboro ,vt4 99 99 99 99 99 ,illustration3 ,,emerson',s ,,patent ,,perforated ,,circular ,,longsaws ,,require ,,no ,,gumming ,,for ,,descriptive ,,pamphlet ,,address ,,american ,,saw ,,co4 ,n4,y4 ,factory1 ,trenton1 ,n4,j4444 ,office4 ,no4 #b ,jacob st41 ,n4,y4 ,branch ,office for ,pacific ,coast1 ,no4 #fjf ,front st4 ,san ,francisco1 ,cal4 99 99 99 99 99 ,,howland',s ,,pat4 ,,knife ,,sharpener4 ,illustration ,the best and most durable thing of the kind ever invented4 ,agents wanted from all parts of the country4 ,sure sale4 ,every family wants one4 ,sample of ,porcelain sent on receipt of #ge;c4 ,f4 ,,traver ,,co41 ,agents1 #ad ,park ,place1 ,new ,york4 99 99 99 99 99 ,pratt's ,astral ,oil4 ,,unlike ,,many ,,other ,,illuminating ,,oils1 the ,astral ,oil is perfectly pure and free from all adulterations of any kind4 ,it emits no offensive smell while burning1 gives a soft and brillant light1 and can be used with as little danger as gas4 ,chemists pronounce it the best and safest ,illuminating ,oil ever offered to the public2 and insurance companies indorse and urge upon consumers the use of the ,astral ,oil in preference to any other4 ,thousands are now burning it1 and in no instance has any accident occurred from its use4 ,a lamp filled with it upset and broken will not explode or take fire4 ,to prevent adulteration1 the ,astral ,oil is packed only in the ,guaranty ,patent ,cans1 of #a gallon and #e gallons each1 and each can is sealed in a manner that cannot be counterfeited ,every package1 with uncut seal1 we warrant4 ,the universal testimony of consumers is that the ,astral ,oil is perfect2 a single trial serves to establish it in the family4 ,for sale by all dealers1 and by wholesale and retail by the proprietors ,oil ,house of ,,charles ,,pratt4 ,p4,o4 ,box1 #c1jej4 #ajh ,fulton ,street1 ,new ,york4 ,send for ,circulars with testimonials and price list4 99 99 99 99 99 ,building ,paper4 ,this is a hard1 compact paper1 like an ordinary book cover1 and is saturated with tar and used on the outside of frame buildings1 under the clapboards1 also under shingles and floors1 to keep out damp and cold4 ,it is also used on the inside1 not saturated1 instead of ,plastering1 and makes a warm and cheap wall4 ,it costs only from #h to #cj 7according to size7 to cover houses on the outside4 ,samples and descriptive circulars sent free4 ,address1 ,,rock ,,river ,,paper ,,co41 ,chicago1 ,or ,b4,e4 ,,hale1 #bb #bd ,frankfort ,street1 ,n4,y41 ,agent for the ,eastern ,states4 99 99 99 99 99 ,,caution ,,to ,,brass ,,cook ,,makers4 ,,plumbers1 ,,steam ,,and ,,gas ,,fitters1 ,,architects1 ,,builders1 ,,dealers ,,in ,,brass ,,goods1 ,and ,,all ,,others against ,,making1 ,,buying1 ,,selling1 or ,,using any ,,infringement of our ,,patent ,,right for ,,compression ,,bibbs1 ,,faucet1 ,,cocks1 or on any thing to which our ,patent is applied4 ,we have already commenced ,,legal proceedings with the firm determination to prosecute all and every violation of our rights to the fullest extent of the law4 ,,messrs4 ,,hayden1 ,,gere1 ,,co41 #hd ,beekman st4 ,,new ,,york1 --,,and-- ,,dalton ,,ingersoll1 #ai ,union st4 ,,boston1 ,are our ,,only ,authorized ,selling ,agents4 ,e4 ,,stebbins ,manufacturing ,co41 ,,springfield1 ,,mass4 99 99 99 99 99 ,ahearn's ,patents4 ,,purchasers wanted for every ,state and ,county not yet sold4 #ajjj ,,and ,,expenses can be made monthly on every #bjj invested4 ,for particulars1 address ,j4 ,,ahearn1 #e ,p4,o4 ,avenue1 ,baltimore1 ,md4 99 99 99 99 99 ,,pattern ,,letters ,,to ,,put ,,on ,,patterns ,,for ,,castings--44,c4 ,,knight ,,bros4 ,,seneca ,,falls ,n4,y4 99 99 99 99 99 #bj ,a ,,day ,,to ,,male ,,and ,,female ,agents to introduce the ,,buckeye #bj ,,shuttle ,,sewing ,,machines4 ,stitch alike on both sides1 and is the only ,,licensed ,,shuttle ,,machine sold in the ,united states for less than #dj4 ,all others are infringements1 and the seller and user are liable to prosecution and imprisonment4 ,outfit free4 ,address ,w4,a4 ,,henderson ,,co41 ,cleveland1 ,ohio4 99 99 99 99 99 #b;d-,hand ,machinery ,,for ,,sale--viz3-- #ej ,milling ,machines1 ,index and ,universal ,milling ,machines1 ,horizontal ,milling and ,drilling ,machines1 ,drill ,presses4 ,hand and ,power ,lathes1 ,edging ,machines1 ,drops and ,punch ,presses1 ,screw ,machines1 etc41 etc41 #ajjj feet of #a-c_/af ,shafting1 with ,hangers and ,pulleys1 etc41 etc41 by ,o4,f4 ,,winchester1 ,new ,haven1 ,conn4 99 99 99 99 99 ,,sent ,,free6 ,m4 ,o',,keefe1 ,,son ,,co4',s ,,seed ,,catalogue ,,and ,,guide ,,to ,,the ,,flower ,,and ,,vegetable ,,garden1 ,,for #ahgj4 ,published in ,january4 ,every lover of flowers wishing this new and valuable work1 free of charge1 should address immediately ,m4 ,o',,keefe1 ,,son ,,co41 ,ellwanger ,barry's ,block1 ,rochester1 ,n4,y4 99 99 99 99 99 ,london #dh ,cannon street4 ,h4 ,,kohnstamm1 ,manufacturer of ,,ultramarine1 ,and ,importer of ,english1 ,french1 and ,german ,colors1 ,paints1 and ,artists' ,materials1 ,bronzes1 and ,metals4 ,no4 #c ,tryon ,row1 ,new ,york1 opposite ,city ,hall 99 99 99 99 99 ,,wire ,,hope4 ,manufactured by ,,john ,a4 ,,roebling',s ,,sons1 ,trenton ,n4,j4 ,,for ,inclined ,planes1 ,standing ,ship ,rigging ,bridges1 ,ferries1 ,stays or ,guys on ,derricks ,cranes ,tiller ,ropes1 ,sash ,cords of ,copper and ,iron1 ,lightning ,conductors of ,copper4 ,special attention given to hoisting rope of all kinds for ,mines and ,elevators4 ,apply for circular1 giving price and other information4 ,send for pamphlet on ,transmission of ,power by ,wire ,ropes4 99 99 99 99 99 ,,the ,tanite ,emery ,wheel4 ,does not ,glaze1 ,gum1 ,heat1 or ,smell4 ,address ,,the ,,tanite ,,co41 ,stroudsburg1 ,monroe ,co41 ,pa4 99 99 99 99 99 ,,getty',s ,,patent ,,pipe ,,cutter4 ,no4 #a cuts from #a inch to #a_/h444444444444444444444444,price #h ,no4 #b cuts from #b inches to 444444444444444444444444,price #aj ,,getty',s ,,patent ,,proving ,,pump ,,and ,,gage4 ,pump and ,gage44444444444444444444444444444444444 4444,price #be ,gage alone44444444444444444444444444444444444 4444444,price #ac ,address ,mc,n,a,b ,,harlin1 ,,manufacturers ,,of ,,brass ,,goods ,,and ,,iron ,,fittings1 #hf ,john st41 ,new ,york4 99 99 99 99 99 ,,repeating ,,fire-,,arms ,,for ,,sale1 viz3-- #e1jjj ,winchester ,repeating ,muskets4 #e1jjj ,carbines4 #e1jjj ,sporting ,rifles4 #b1jjj ,spencer ,muskets4 #cj1jjj ,carbines4 #ejj ,sporting ,rifles4 #b1jjj ,joslyn ,single ,breech-loading ,carbines4 ,metallic ,cartridges of all sizes1 by ,,winchester ,,repeating ,,arms ,,co41 ,new ,haven1 ,conn4 99 99 99 99 99 ,,pat4 ,,solid ,,emery ,,wheels ,,and ,,oil ,,stones1 for ,brass and ,iron ,work1 ,saw ,mills1 and ,edge ,tools4 ,northampton ,emery ,wheel ,co41 ,leeds4 ,mass4 99 99 99 99 99 ,,kidder',s ,,pastiles--,a ,sure ,relief for ,asthma4 ,,stowell ,,co41 ,charlestown1 ,mass4 99 99 99 99 99 ,,welby ,mc,c,a,u,l,e,y1 ,,practical ,,mechanics4--,mechanical ,commission ,depot ,no4 #e1 ,harrison st41 ,baltimore1 ,md41 ,buy and ,sell1 on ,commission1 ,improved ,machinery1 etc41 etc4 ,negotiate ,patent ,rights1 introduce ,new ,inventions1 practically4 ,agents for manufacturers generally4 99 99 99 99 99 ,the ,american ,builder ,,and ,,journal ,,of ,,art4--,terms #c4jj a year4 ,sent four months to trial ,subscribers on receipt of one dollar4 ,address ,,charles ,d4 ,,lakey ,chicago1 ,ill4 99 99 99 99 99 ,cotton ,seed ,oil ,mills4 ,built by ,contractor otherwise4 ,for ,estimates and ,machinery apply to ,oil ,machinery ,manufacturing ,co4 of ,n4,y4 city1 #if ,liberty st4 ,p4,o4 ,box #aahc 99 99 99 99 99 ,,harrison ,,safety ,,boiler ,first-,class ,medal ,world's ,fair1 ,london1 #ahfb4 ,first-,class ,medal1 ,american ,institute ,fair1 ,new ,york1 ,october1 #ahfi1 for safety1 economy of space1 and economy of fuel4 #djj-;,h4,p4 ,,at ,a4,t4 ,,stewart',s4 #dcg-;,h4,p4 ,,at ,,jersey ,,city ,,sugar ,,refinery1 and over #a1jjj boilers in other places4 ,harrison ,boiler ,works1 ,philadelphia4 ,john ,a4 ,coleman1 ,ag't1 #di ,murray ,st41 ,n4 ,y41 and #cf ,kilby ,st41 ,boston4 99 99 99 99 99 #cj-;,h4 ,corliss ,engine4 ,also1 ,six ,engines1 from #ae to #cj-;,horse4 ,have been in use1 but are in good order4 ,cheap for cash4 ,address ,,chas4 ,h4 ,,smith1 #ace ,north #c;d st41 ,philadelphia1 ,pa4 99 99 99 99 99 ,drawing ,materials4 ,,whatman',s ,,papers4--,white and ,yellow ,roll ,drawing ,paper1 #dj and #ed inches wide ,tracing ,muslin1 ,tracing ,paper4 ,muslin-backed ,drawing ,paper1 #dj and #ec inches wide4 ,winsor ,newton's ,colors ,india ,ink4 ,faber's ,drawing ,pencils1 etc41 etc4 ,priced catalogues #aj cents each4 ,,jas4 ,w4 ,,queen ,,co41 #ibd ,chestnut st4 ,philadelphia4 99 99 99 99 99 ,,saws4 ,,every ,,desciption ,guaranteed under a forfeiture of #ajjj1 to cut the most lumber with the least expense4 ,henry ,disston ,son1 ,,philadelphia4 ,special attention paid to our new style ,circular1 ,belt1 ,cross-cut1 ,mill and ,hack ,saws4 ,orders received from ,england1 ,ireland1 and the ,continent4 99 99 99 99 99 ,,the ,scientific ,american ,,for #ahgj ,cash ,prize and ,premium ,list ,this ,illustrated ,weekly ,journal of ,practical ,information1 ,art1 ,science1 ,mechanics1 ,invention1 ,chemistry1 and ,manufactures--,entered its ,twenty-fifth ,year on the #ast of ,january4 ,the ,,scientific ,,american stands at the head of ,industrial ,journals of the world in point of ,circulation and ,influence4 ,every number has ,sixteen ,imperial pages1 embellished with ,engravings of ,new ,inventions1 ,machinery1 ,tools for the ,workshop1 ,house1 and ,farm1 also ,public ,buildings1 ,dwelling ,houses1 and ,engineering ,works4 ,the ,illustrated ,department of the ,,scientific ,,american is a very striking feature1 and has elicited the praise of the ,press and all articles appearing in its columns are written in a popular and instructive style4 ,to ,inventors and ,mechanics the ,,scientific ,,american has special value and interest1 from the fact that it furnishes an ,official ,list of ,patents issued1 with copious notes of the principal ,american and ,european ,patents4 ,the ,publishers offer the following ,,schedule ,,of ,,cash ,,prizes4 ,for the fifteen largest lists of names sent in before ,february #aj1 #ahgj1 the following ,cash ,prizes will be given3 #cjj ,,for ,,the ,,first ,,list4 #bej ,,second ,,list4 #bjj ,,third ,,list4 #aej ,,fourth ,,list4 #ajj ,,fifth ,,list4 #ij ,,sixth ,,list4 #hj ,,seventh ,,list #gj ,,eighth ,,list4 #fj ,,ninth ,,list4 #ej ,,tenth ,,list4 #dj ,,eleventh ,,list4 #ce ,,twelfth ,,list4 #cj ,,thirteenth ,,list4 #be ,,fourteenth ,,list4 #bj ,,fifteenth ,,list4 ,competitors sending names should be particular to mark ,prize ,list on their orders1 and remit the amount of subscription1 as per terms4 ,all ,clubs of #aj names and upward1 will be taken at the rate of #b4ej per annum4 ,to those who do not compete for the ,cash ,prizes the publishers offer the ,splendid ,steel ,engraving1 in size #bbx#cf1 entitled ,,men ,,of ,,progress-,,american ,,inventors4 ,it contains the following group of illustrious inventors1 namely3 ,prof4 ,morse1 ,prof4 ,henry ,thomas ,blanchard1 ,dr4 ,nott1 ,isaiah ,jennings1 ,charles ,goodyear1 ,jos4 ,saxton1 ,dr4 ,w4 ,t4 ,morton1 ,erastus ,bigelow1 ,henry ,burden1 ,capt4 ,john ,ericsson1 ,elias ,howe1 ,jr41 ,col4 ,samuel ,colt1 ,col4 ,r4 ,m4 ,hoe1 ,peter ,cooper1 ,jordan ,l4 ,mott1 ,c4 ,h4 ,mc,cormick1 ,james ,bogardus1 and ,frederick ,e4 ,sickles4 ,the likenesses are all excellent1 and ,mr4 ,sartain1 who stands at the head of our ,american ,engravers on ,steel1 in a letter addressed to us1 says that it would cost #d1jjj to engrave the plate now1 which is a sufficient guarantee of the very high character of the ,engraving as a work of art4 ,price of the ,engraving1 #aj for single copy4 ,to enable all to possess this beautiful work of art1 at1 a very reduced rate1 the ,,scientific ,,american will be sent one year1 together with a copy of the picture1 on receipt of #aj ,any one sending #aj ,names for #a year1 and #cj1 will receive one picture #bj #ej1 #cj #ge1 two pictures #dj #ajj1 three #ej #abe1 four ,competitors for the above prizes can send in names at any time on or before ,february #ajth1 and from any postoffice4 ,for full particulars and sample copies of the ,,scientific ,,american1 address the ,publishers4 ,terms of the ,,scientific ,,american3 ,single copy one year1 #c4jj2 six months1 #a4ej2 and one dollar four months4 ,to ,clubs of ten and upward1 #b4ej each per annum4 ,,munn ,,co41 #cg ,park ,row1 ,new ,york