Library / Biology / Scientific American, Volume 22, No. 1, January 1, 1870 / Braille
Scientific American, Volume 22, No. 1, January 1, 1870 ⠃⠗⠋ braille edition
Grade 1 — uncontracted, letter-for-letter. Translated on this server by our own braille engine (BRF — Braille Ready Format, Library of Congress fdd000551). View Grade 2 instead.
Download .brf — Grade 2 Download .brf — Grade 1 Plain-text reader .txt
426,135 braille cells · 456 embossed pages at 40×25 · 851 unrepresentable characters omitted
⠃⠕⠞⠞⠕⠍⠀⠕⠋⠀⠠⠃⠀⠊⠎⠀⠎⠇⠕⠞⠞⠑⠙⠂⠀⠁⠝⠙⠀⠞⠓⠗⠕⠥⠛⠓⠀⠞⠓⠑ ⠀⠎⠇⠕⠞⠀⠏⠁⠎⠎⠑⠎⠀⠁⠀⠎⠞⠁⠞⠊⠕⠝⠁⠗⠽⠀⠗⠕⠙⠂⠀⠠⠙⠂⠀⠺⠓⠊⠉⠓ ⠀⠓⠕⠇⠙⠎⠀⠞⠓⠑⠀⠃⠕⠞⠞⠕⠍⠀⠕⠋⠀⠞⠓⠑⠀⠙⠊⠎⠅⠀⠋⠗⠕⠍⠀ ⠧⠊⠃⠗⠁⠞⠊⠝⠛⠀⠺⠓⠊⠇⠑⠀⠊⠞⠀⠉⠁⠥⠎⠑⠎⠀⠞⠓⠑⠀⠥⠏⠏⠑⠗⠀⠏⠁⠗⠞ ⠀⠞⠕⠀⠗⠑⠉⠊⠏⠗⠕⠉⠁⠞⠑⠀⠺⠊⠞⠓⠀⠞⠓⠑⠀⠎⠺⠊⠝⠛⠊⠝⠛⠀⠕⠋⠀⠠⠁⠲ ⠀⠀⠠⠞⠕⠀⠞⠓⠑⠀⠥⠏⠏⠑⠗⠀⠏⠁⠗⠞⠀⠕⠋⠀⠠⠃⠀⠊⠎⠀⠏⠊⠧⠕⠞⠑⠙⠀⠁⠀ ⠏⠊⠞⠍⠁⠝⠀⠺⠓⠊⠉⠓⠀⠁⠉⠞⠥⠁⠞⠑⠎⠀⠞⠓⠑⠀⠉⠗⠁⠝⠅⠀⠁⠎⠀ ⠎⠓⠕⠺⠝⠲⠀⠀⠠⠊⠝⠀⠕⠏⠑⠗⠁⠞⠊⠕⠝⠀⠞⠓⠑⠀⠋⠕⠕⠞⠀⠊⠎⠀⠏⠇⠁⠉⠑⠙ ⠀⠥⠏⠕⠝⠀⠞⠓⠑⠀⠋⠕⠕⠞⠀⠏⠊⠑⠉⠑⠂⠀⠁⠝⠙⠀⠁⠀⠎⠺⠊⠝⠛⠊⠝⠛⠀ ⠍⠕⠞⠊⠕⠝⠀⠊⠎⠀⠊⠍⠏⠁⠗⠞⠑⠙⠀⠃⠽⠀⠊⠞⠀⠞⠕⠀⠞⠓⠑⠀ ⠏⠑⠝⠙⠥⠇⠥⠍⠂⠀⠺⠓⠊⠉⠓⠀⠊⠎⠀⠥⠇⠞⠊⠍⠁⠞⠑⠇⠽⠀⠉⠕⠝⠧⠑⠗⠞⠑⠙⠀ ⠊⠝⠞⠕⠀⠗⠕⠞⠁⠗⠽⠀⠍⠕⠞⠊⠕⠝⠀⠃⠽⠀⠞⠓⠑⠀⠉⠗⠁⠝⠅⠀⠁⠎⠀ ⠙⠑⠎⠉⠗⠊⠃⠑⠙⠲⠀⠠⠞⠓⠑⠀⠓⠑⠁⠧⠽⠀⠙⠊⠎⠅⠂⠀⠠⠃⠂⠀⠛⠊⠧⠑⠎⠀ ⠎⠞⠑⠁⠙⠊⠝⠑⠎⠎⠀⠞⠕⠀⠞⠓⠑⠀⠍⠕⠞⠊⠕⠝⠂⠀⠁⠝⠙⠀⠁⠉⠞⠎⠀⠊⠝⠀ ⠉⠕⠝⠉⠑⠗⠞⠀⠺⠊⠞⠓⠀⠞⠓⠑⠀⠋⠇⠽⠀⠺⠓⠑⠑⠇⠀⠕⠝⠀⠞⠓⠑⠀⠉⠗⠁⠝⠅⠀ ⠎⠓⠁⠋⠞⠀⠋⠕⠗⠀⠞⠓⠊⠎⠀⠏⠥⠗⠏⠕⠎⠑⠆⠀⠃⠥⠞⠀⠊⠞⠀⠊⠎⠀⠝⠕⠞⠀ ⠑⠎⠎⠑⠝⠞⠊⠁⠇⠀⠞⠓⠁⠞⠀⠞⠓⠊⠎⠀⠏⠁⠗⠞⠀⠕⠋⠀⠞⠓⠑⠀⠙⠑⠧⠊⠉⠑⠀ ⠎⠓⠕⠥⠇⠙⠀⠃⠑⠀⠁⠀⠙⠊⠎⠅⠆⠀⠁⠝⠽⠀⠑⠟⠥⠊⠧⠁⠇⠑⠝⠞⠀⠍⠁⠽⠀⠃⠑⠀ ⠎⠥⠃⠎⠞⠊⠞⠥⠞⠑⠙⠀⠋⠕⠗⠀⠞⠓⠑⠀⠎⠁⠍⠑⠀⠏⠥⠗⠏⠕⠎⠑⠲⠀⠀ ⠠⠏⠁⠞⠑⠝⠞⠑⠙⠂⠀⠞⠓⠗⠕⠥⠛⠓⠀⠞⠓⠑⠀⠠⠎⠉⠊⠑⠝⠞⠊⠋⠊⠉⠀ ⠠⠁⠍⠑⠗⠊⠉⠁⠝⠀⠠⠏⠁⠞⠑⠝⠞⠀⠠⠁⠛⠑⠝⠉⠽⠂⠀⠠⠕⠉⠞⠂⠀⠼⠃⠋⠂⠀ ⠼⠁⠓⠋⠊⠂⠀⠃⠽⠀⠠⠑⠲⠀⠠⠁⠲⠀⠠⠛⠕⠕⠙⠑⠎⠀⠠⠋⠕⠗⠀⠋⠥⠗⠞⠓⠑⠗⠀ ⠊⠝⠋⠕⠗⠍⠁⠞⠊⠕⠝⠀⠁⠙⠙⠗⠑⠎⠎⠀⠠⠏⠓⠊⠇⠁⠙⠑⠇⠏⠓⠊⠁⠀ ⠠⠏⠁⠞⠑⠝⠞⠀⠁⠝⠙⠀⠠⠝⠕⠧⠑⠇⠞⠽⠀⠠⠉⠕⠲⠂⠀⠼⠛⠁⠛⠀⠠⠎⠏⠗⠊⠝⠛⠀ ⠠⠛⠁⠗⠙⠑⠝⠀⠎⠞⠗⠑⠑⠞⠂⠀⠠⠏⠓⠊⠇⠁⠙⠑⠇⠏⠓⠊⠁⠂⠀⠠⠏⠁⠲⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀
These are the same pages the .brf download embosses — form-feed breaks and all. BRF opens in braille software (Duxbury, BrailleBlaster), on embossers, and on refreshable displays.