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Library / Biology / Scientific American, Volume 22, No. 1, January 1, 1870 / Braille

Scientific American, Volume 22, No. 1, January 1, 1870 ⠃⠗⠋ braille edition

Grade 1 — uncontracted, letter-for-letter. Translated on this server by our own braille engine (BRF — Braille Ready Format, Library of Congress fdd000551). View Grade 2 instead.

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426,135 braille cells · 456 embossed pages at 40×25 · 851 unrepresentable characters omitted

⠉⠕⠝⠞⠁⠊⠝⠊⠝⠛⠀⠁⠀⠙⠑⠎⠉⠗⠊⠏⠞⠊⠕⠝⠀⠕⠋⠀⠞⠓⠑⠀
⠑⠭⠏⠑⠙⠊⠞⠊⠕⠝⠲⠀⠠⠊⠝⠀⠼⠁⠛⠓⠓⠀⠓⠑⠀⠺⠁⠎⠀⠠⠉⠕⠝⠎⠥⠇⠀⠁⠞⠀
⠠⠅⠗⠕⠝⠎⠞⠁⠙⠞⠀⠁⠝⠙⠀⠠⠎⠞⠲⠀⠠⠏⠑⠞⠑⠗⠎⠃⠥⠗⠛⠲⠀⠠⠋⠗⠕⠍⠀
⠠⠎⠞⠲⠀⠠⠏⠑⠞⠑⠗⠎⠃⠥⠗⠛⠀⠓⠑⠀⠺⠁⠎⠀⠉⠁⠇⠇⠑⠙⠂⠀⠊⠝⠀
⠼⠁⠓⠁⠃⠂⠀⠃⠽⠀⠞⠓⠑⠀⠠⠑⠍⠏⠑⠗⠕⠗⠀⠠⠝⠁⠏⠕⠇⠑⠕⠝⠂⠀⠞⠕⠀
⠠⠍⠕⠎⠉⠕⠺⠂⠀⠁⠎⠀⠊⠝⠞⠑⠝⠙⠁⠝⠞⠲⠀⠠⠋⠗⠕⠍⠀⠞⠓⠑⠀⠇⠁⠞⠞⠑⠗⠀
⠉⠊⠞⠽⠂⠀⠊⠝⠀⠼⠁⠓⠁⠙⠂⠀⠓⠑⠀⠏⠗⠕⠉⠑⠑⠙⠑⠙⠀⠞⠕⠀⠠⠇⠊⠎⠃⠕⠝⠂
⠀⠁⠝⠙⠀⠺⠁⠎⠀⠎⠞⠁⠞⠊⠕⠝⠑⠙⠀⠞⠓⠑⠗⠑⠀⠁⠎⠀⠠⠉⠕⠝⠎⠥⠇⠀
⠥⠝⠞⠊⠇⠀⠼⠁⠓⠃⠉⠲⠀⠠⠓⠑⠀⠙⠊⠑⠙⠀⠁⠞⠀⠠⠏⠁⠗⠊⠎⠂⠀⠠⠍⠁⠽⠀
⠼⠋⠂⠀⠼⠁⠓⠉⠙⠲⠀⠀⠠⠋⠑⠗⠙⠊⠝⠁⠝⠙⠂⠀⠞⠓⠑⠀⠎⠥⠃⠚⠑⠉⠞⠀⠕⠋⠀
⠞⠓⠊⠎⠀⠎⠅⠑⠞⠉⠓⠂⠀⠺⠁⠎⠀⠃⠕⠗⠝⠀⠁⠞⠀⠠⠧⠑⠗⠎⠁⠊⠇⠇⠑⠎⠀⠊⠝⠀
⠼⠁⠓⠚⠑⠂⠀⠁⠝⠙⠀⠊⠎⠀⠉⠕⠝⠎⠑⠟⠥⠑⠝⠞⠇⠽⠀⠊⠝⠀⠓⠊⠎⠀
⠎⠊⠭⠞⠽⠤⠋⠕⠥⠗⠞⠓⠀⠽⠑⠁⠗⠂⠀⠞⠓⠕⠥⠛⠓⠀⠓⠊⠎⠀⠁⠏⠏⠑⠁⠗⠁⠝⠉⠑
⠀⠊⠎⠀⠞⠓⠁⠞⠀⠕⠋⠀⠁⠀⠍⠁⠝⠀⠇⠊⠞⠞⠇⠑⠀⠏⠁⠎⠞⠀⠞⠓⠑⠀
⠍⠑⠗⠊⠙⠊⠁⠝⠀⠕⠋⠀⠇⠊⠋⠑⠲⠀⠠⠑⠁⠗⠇⠽⠀⠊⠝⠀⠇⠊⠋⠑⠀⠓⠑⠀
⠑⠧⠊⠝⠉⠑⠙⠀⠏⠑⠉⠥⠇⠊⠁⠗⠀⠁⠏⠞⠊⠞⠥⠙⠑⠀⠋⠕⠗⠀⠞⠓⠑⠀
⠙⠊⠏⠇⠕⠍⠁⠞⠊⠉⠀⠉⠁⠗⠑⠑⠗⠀⠊⠝⠀⠺⠓⠊⠉⠓⠀⠓⠑⠀⠓⠁⠎⠀⠎⠊⠝⠉⠑⠀
⠙⠊⠎⠞⠊⠝⠛⠥⠊⠎⠓⠑⠙⠀⠓⠊⠍⠎⠑⠇⠋⠤⠤⠁⠀⠉⠁⠗⠑⠑⠗⠀⠁⠎⠀
⠧⠁⠗⠊⠑⠙⠀⠁⠝⠙⠀⠗⠕⠍⠁⠝⠞⠊⠉⠀⠁⠎⠀⠊⠞⠀⠊⠎⠀⠃⠗⠊⠇⠇⠊⠁⠝⠞⠲⠀
⠠⠊⠝⠀⠼⠁⠓⠃⠑⠀⠓⠑⠀⠺⠁⠎⠀⠁⠏⠏⠕⠊⠝⠞⠑⠙⠀⠁⠞⠞⠁⠉⠓⠀⠞⠕⠀⠞⠓⠑
⠀⠠⠋⠗⠑⠝⠉⠓⠀⠠⠉⠕⠝⠎⠥⠇⠁⠞⠑⠀⠁⠞⠀⠠⠇⠊⠎⠃⠕⠝⠲⠀⠠⠞⠺⠕⠀
⠽⠑⠁⠗⠎⠀⠇⠁⠞⠑⠗⠀⠋⠕⠥⠝⠙⠀⠓⠊⠍⠀⠑⠝⠛⠁⠛⠑⠙⠀⠊⠝⠀⠞⠓⠑⠀
⠠⠉⠕⠍⠍⠑⠗⠉⠊⠁⠇⠀⠠⠙⠑⠏⠁⠗⠞⠍⠑⠝⠞⠀⠕⠋⠀⠞⠓⠑⠀⠠⠍⠊⠝⠊⠎⠞⠑⠗
⠀⠕⠋⠀⠠⠋⠕⠗⠑⠊⠛⠝⠀⠠⠁⠋⠋⠁⠊⠗⠎⠲⠀⠠⠙⠥⠗⠊⠝⠛⠀⠞⠓⠑⠀
⠇⠁⠞⠞⠑⠗⠀⠏⠁⠗⠞⠀⠕⠋⠀⠼⠁⠓⠃⠓⠀⠓⠑⠀⠺⠁⠎⠀⠁⠞⠞⠁⠉⠓⠀⠞⠕⠀

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