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Library / Biology / Scientific American, Volume 22, No. 1, January 1, 1870 / Braille

Scientific American, Volume 22, No. 1, January 1, 1870 ⠃⠗⠋ braille edition

Grade 1 — uncontracted, letter-for-letter. Translated on this server by our own braille engine (BRF — Braille Ready Format, Library of Congress fdd000551). View Grade 2 instead.

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426,135 braille cells · 456 embossed pages at 40×25 · 851 unrepresentable characters omitted

⠞⠓⠁⠞⠀⠞⠓⠊⠎⠀⠎⠞⠁⠞⠑⠍⠑⠝⠞⠀⠉⠕⠥⠇⠙⠀⠝⠕⠞⠀⠃⠑⠀
⠛⠁⠊⠝⠎⠁⠊⠙⠲⠀⠠⠛⠕⠙⠄⠎⠀⠞⠗⠥⠞⠓⠀⠍⠥⠎⠞⠀⠁⠛⠗⠑⠑⠂⠀
⠺⠓⠑⠞⠓⠑⠗⠀⠙⠊⠎⠉⠕⠧⠑⠗⠑⠙⠀⠃⠽⠀⠇⠕⠕⠅⠊⠝⠛⠀⠺⠊⠞⠓⠊⠝⠀
⠥⠏⠕⠝⠀⠞⠓⠑⠀⠎⠕⠥⠇⠀⠕⠗⠀⠺⠊⠞⠓⠕⠥⠞⠀⠥⠏⠕⠝⠀⠞⠓⠑⠀⠺⠕⠗⠇⠙⠲
⠀⠠⠁⠀⠞⠗⠥⠞⠓⠀⠺⠗⠊⠞⠞⠑⠝⠀⠥⠏⠕⠝⠀⠞⠓⠑⠀⠓⠥⠍⠁⠝⠀⠓⠑⠁⠗⠞⠀
⠞⠕⠤⠙⠁⠽⠀⠊⠝⠀⠊⠞⠎⠀⠋⠥⠇⠇⠀⠏⠇⠁⠽⠀⠕⠋⠀⠑⠍⠕⠞⠊⠕⠝⠎⠀⠕⠗⠀
⠏⠁⠎⠎⠊⠕⠝⠎⠂⠀⠉⠁⠝⠝⠕⠞⠀⠃⠑⠀⠁⠞⠀⠁⠝⠽⠀⠗⠑⠁⠇⠀⠧⠁⠗⠊⠁⠝⠉⠑
⠀⠑⠧⠑⠝⠀⠺⠊⠞⠓⠀⠁⠀⠞⠗⠥⠞⠓⠀⠺⠗⠊⠞⠞⠑⠝⠀⠥⠏⠕⠝⠀⠁⠀⠋⠕⠎⠎⠊⠇
⠀⠺⠓⠕⠎⠑⠀⠏⠕⠕⠗⠀⠇⠊⠋⠑⠀⠺⠁⠎⠀⠛⠕⠝⠑⠀⠍⠊⠇⠇⠊⠕⠝⠎⠀⠕⠋⠀
⠽⠑⠁⠗⠎⠀⠁⠛⠕⠲⠀⠠⠁⠝⠙⠀⠞⠓⠊⠎⠀⠃⠑⠊⠝⠛⠀⠎⠕⠂⠀⠊⠞⠀⠺⠕⠥⠇⠙⠀
⠁⠇⠎⠕⠀⠎⠑⠑⠍⠀⠁⠀⠞⠗⠥⠞⠓⠀⠊⠗⠗⠑⠋⠗⠁⠛⠁⠃⠇⠑⠆⠀⠞⠓⠁⠞⠀⠞⠓⠑
⠀⠎⠑⠁⠗⠉⠓⠀⠋⠕⠗⠀⠑⠁⠉⠓⠀⠕⠋⠀⠞⠓⠑⠎⠑⠀⠅⠊⠝⠙⠀⠕⠋⠀⠞⠗⠥⠞⠓⠎
⠀⠍⠥⠎⠞⠀⠃⠑⠀⠋⠕⠇⠇⠕⠺⠑⠙⠀⠕⠥⠞⠀⠊⠝⠀⠊⠞⠎⠀⠕⠺⠝⠀⠇⠊⠝⠑⠎⠂⠀
⠃⠽⠀⠊⠞⠎⠀⠕⠺⠝⠀⠍⠑⠞⠓⠕⠙⠎⠂⠀⠞⠕⠀⠊⠞⠎⠀⠕⠺⠝⠀⠗⠑⠎⠥⠇⠞⠎⠂⠀
⠺⠊⠞⠓⠕⠥⠞⠀⠁⠝⠽⠀⠊⠝⠞⠑⠗⠋⠑⠗⠑⠝⠉⠑⠀⠋⠗⠕⠍⠀
⠊⠝⠧⠑⠎⠞⠊⠛⠁⠞⠕⠗⠎⠀⠁⠇⠕⠝⠛⠀⠕⠞⠓⠑⠗⠀⠇⠊⠝⠑⠎⠀⠃⠽⠀⠕⠞⠓⠑⠗
⠀⠍⠑⠞⠓⠕⠙⠎⠲⠀⠠⠁⠝⠙⠀⠊⠞⠀⠺⠕⠥⠇⠙⠀⠁⠇⠎⠕⠀⠎⠑⠑⠍⠀
⠇⠕⠛⠊⠉⠁⠇⠇⠽⠀⠞⠓⠁⠞⠀⠺⠑⠀⠍⠊⠛⠓⠞⠀⠺⠕⠗⠅⠀⠕⠝⠀⠊⠝⠀
⠁⠃⠎⠕⠇⠥⠞⠑⠀⠉⠕⠝⠋⠊⠙⠑⠝⠉⠑⠀⠞⠓⠁⠞⠀⠺⠓⠁⠞⠑⠧⠑⠗⠂⠀⠁⠞⠀
⠁⠝⠽⠀⠍⠕⠍⠑⠝⠞⠂⠀⠍⠊⠛⠓⠞⠀⠎⠑⠑⠍⠀⠞⠕⠀⠃⠑⠀⠞⠓⠑⠀
⠗⠑⠇⠁⠞⠊⠧⠑⠀⠏⠕⠎⠊⠞⠊⠕⠝⠎⠀⠕⠋⠀⠞⠓⠑⠀⠞⠺⠕⠀⠙⠊⠋⠋⠑⠗⠑⠝⠞⠀
⠃⠁⠝⠙⠎⠀⠕⠋⠀⠺⠕⠗⠅⠑⠗⠎⠂⠀⠞⠓⠑⠽⠀⠍⠥⠎⠞⠀⠁⠞⠀⠇⠁⠎⠞⠀⠉⠕⠍⠑
⠀⠞⠕⠛⠑⠞⠓⠑⠗⠂⠀⠋⠕⠗⠀⠞⠗⠥⠞⠓⠀⠊⠎⠀⠕⠝⠑⠲⠀⠠⠃⠥⠞⠀⠇⠕⠛⠊⠉⠀
⠊⠎⠀⠝⠕⠞⠀⠓⠊⠎⠞⠕⠗⠽⠲⠀⠠⠓⠊⠎⠞⠕⠗⠽⠀⠊⠎⠀⠋⠥⠇⠇⠀⠕⠋⠀
⠊⠝⠞⠑⠗⠋⠑⠗⠑⠝⠉⠑⠎⠀⠺⠓⠊⠉⠓⠀⠓⠁⠧⠑⠀⠉⠕⠎⠞⠀⠞⠓⠑⠀⠑⠁⠗⠞⠓⠀

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