Skip to contentSkip to Braille Studio

Library / Biology / Scientific American Supplement, No. 392, July 7, 1883 / Braille

Scientific American Supplement, No. 392, July 7, 1883 ⠃⠗⠋ braille edition

Grade 1 — uncontracted, letter-for-letter. Translated on this server by our own braille engine (BRF — Braille Ready Format, Library of Congress fdd000551). View Grade 2 instead.

Download .brf — Grade 2 Download .brf — Grade 1 Plain-text reader .txt

242,233 braille cells · 257 embossed pages at 40×25 · 434 unrepresentable characters omitted

⠁⠝⠙⠀⠺⠑⠀⠍⠁⠽⠀⠝⠕⠺⠀⠎⠥⠏⠑⠗⠏⠕⠎⠑⠀⠎⠑⠧⠑⠗⠁⠇⠀
⠉⠕⠝⠞⠗⠁⠗⠽⠀⠏⠕⠇⠁⠗⠊⠞⠊⠑⠎⠀⠥⠝⠙⠑⠗⠀⠉⠕⠝⠞⠗⠁⠗⠽⠀
⠞⠕⠗⠎⠊⠕⠝⠎⠂⠀⠁⠎⠀⠁⠇⠗⠑⠁⠙⠽⠀⠙⠑⠎⠉⠗⠊⠃⠑⠙⠲⠀⠀⠠⠞⠓⠑⠀
⠏⠕⠺⠑⠗⠀⠕⠋⠀⠞⠓⠑⠎⠑⠀⠺⠊⠗⠑⠎⠂⠀⠊⠋⠀⠏⠗⠕⠏⠑⠗⠇⠽⠀
⠏⠗⠑⠏⠁⠗⠑⠙⠂⠀⠊⠎⠀⠍⠕⠎⠞⠀⠗⠑⠍⠁⠗⠅⠁⠃⠇⠑⠂⠀⠃⠑⠊⠝⠛⠀⠁⠃⠇⠑
⠀⠞⠕⠀⠗⠑⠧⠑⠗⠎⠑⠀⠞⠓⠑⠊⠗⠀⠏⠕⠇⠁⠗⠊⠞⠽⠀⠥⠝⠙⠑⠗⠀
⠞⠕⠗⠎⠊⠕⠝⠂⠀⠁⠎⠀⠊⠋⠀⠞⠓⠑⠽⠀⠺⠑⠗⠑⠀⠉⠕⠍⠏⠇⠑⠞⠑⠇⠽⠀
⠎⠁⠞⠥⠗⠁⠞⠑⠙⠆⠀⠁⠝⠙⠀⠞⠓⠑⠽⠀⠏⠗⠑⠎⠑⠗⠧⠑⠀⠞⠓⠊⠎⠀⠏⠕⠺⠑⠗⠀
⠊⠝⠙⠑⠋⠊⠝⠊⠞⠑⠇⠽⠀⠊⠋⠀⠝⠕⠞⠀⠞⠕⠥⠉⠓⠑⠙⠀⠃⠽⠀⠁⠀⠍⠁⠛⠝⠑⠞⠲
⠀⠠⠊⠞⠀⠺⠕⠥⠇⠙⠀⠃⠑⠀⠑⠭⠞⠗⠑⠍⠑⠇⠽⠀⠙⠊⠋⠋⠊⠉⠥⠇⠞⠀⠞⠕⠀
⠑⠭⠏⠇⠁⠊⠝⠀⠞⠓⠑⠀⠁⠉⠞⠊⠕⠝⠀⠕⠋⠀⠞⠓⠑⠀⠗⠕⠞⠁⠞⠊⠧⠑⠀
⠑⠋⠋⠑⠉⠞⠎⠀⠕⠃⠞⠁⠊⠝⠑⠙⠀⠊⠝⠀⠞⠓⠑⠎⠑⠀⠺⠊⠗⠑⠎⠀⠥⠝⠙⠑⠗⠀
⠁⠝⠽⠀⠕⠞⠓⠑⠗⠀⠞⠓⠑⠕⠗⠽⠀⠞⠓⠁⠝⠀⠞⠓⠁⠞⠀⠺⠓⠊⠉⠓⠀⠠⠊⠀⠓⠁⠧⠑
⠀⠁⠙⠧⠁⠝⠉⠑⠙⠆⠀⠁⠝⠙⠀⠞⠓⠑⠀⠁⠃⠎⠕⠇⠥⠞⠑⠀⠑⠭⠞⠑⠗⠝⠁⠇⠀
⠝⠑⠥⠞⠗⠁⠇⠊⠞⠽⠀⠞⠓⠁⠞⠀⠺⠑⠀⠕⠃⠞⠁⠊⠝⠀⠊⠝⠀⠞⠓⠑⠍⠀⠺⠓⠑⠝⠀
⠞⠓⠑⠀⠏⠕⠇⠁⠗⠊⠞⠊⠑⠎⠀⠁⠗⠑⠀⠉⠓⠁⠝⠛⠊⠝⠛⠂⠀⠺⠑⠀⠅⠝⠕⠺⠂⠀
⠋⠗⠕⠍⠀⠞⠓⠑⠊⠗⠀⠎⠞⠗⠥⠉⠞⠥⠗⠑⠂⠀⠞⠕⠀⠃⠑⠀⠏⠑⠗⠋⠑⠉⠞⠇⠽⠀
⠎⠽⠍⠍⠑⠞⠗⠊⠉⠁⠇⠲⠀⠀⠠⠊⠀⠺⠁⠎⠀⠁⠝⠭⠊⠕⠥⠎⠀⠞⠕⠀⠎⠓⠕⠺⠂⠀
⠥⠏⠕⠝⠀⠞⠓⠑⠀⠗⠑⠁⠙⠊⠝⠛⠀⠕⠋⠀⠞⠓⠊⠎⠀⠏⠁⠏⠑⠗⠂⠀⠎⠕⠍⠑⠀
⠍⠑⠉⠓⠁⠝⠊⠉⠁⠇⠀⠍⠕⠧⠑⠍⠑⠝⠞⠀⠏⠗⠕⠙⠥⠉⠑⠙⠀⠃⠽⠀
⠍⠕⠇⠑⠉⠥⠇⠁⠗⠀⠗⠕⠞⠁⠞⠊⠕⠝⠂⠀⠉⠕⠝⠎⠑⠟⠥⠑⠝⠞⠇⠽⠀⠠⠊⠀⠓⠁⠧⠑
⠀⠁⠗⠗⠁⠝⠛⠑⠙⠀⠞⠺⠕⠀⠃⠑⠇⠇⠎⠀⠞⠓⠁⠞⠀⠁⠗⠑⠀⠎⠞⠗⠥⠉⠅⠀
⠁⠇⠞⠑⠗⠝⠁⠞⠑⠇⠽⠀⠃⠽⠀⠁⠀⠏⠕⠇⠁⠗⠊⠵⠑⠙⠀⠁⠗⠍⠁⠞⠥⠗⠑⠀⠏⠥⠞⠀
⠊⠝⠀⠍⠕⠞⠊⠕⠝⠀⠃⠽⠀⠞⠓⠑⠀⠙⠕⠥⠃⠇⠑⠀⠏⠕⠇⠁⠗⠊⠵⠑⠙⠀⠗⠕⠙⠀⠠⠊
⠀⠓⠁⠧⠑⠀⠁⠇⠗⠑⠁⠙⠽⠀⠙⠑⠎⠉⠗⠊⠃⠑⠙⠂⠀⠃⠥⠞⠀⠺⠓⠕⠎⠑⠀

These are the same pages the .brf download embosses — form-feed breaks and all. BRF opens in braille software (Duxbury, BrailleBlaster), on embossers, and on refreshable displays.