Skip to contentSkip to Braille Studio

Library / Biology / Scientific American Supplement, No. 401, September 8, 1883 / Braille

Scientific American Supplement, No. 401, September 8, 1883 ⠃⠗⠋ braille edition

Grade 1 — uncontracted, letter-for-letter. Translated on this server by our own braille engine (BRF — Braille Ready Format, Library of Congress fdd000551). View Grade 2 instead.

Download .brf — Grade 2 Download .brf — Grade 1 Plain-text reader .txt

227,117 braille cells · 240 embossed pages at 40×25 · 620 unrepresentable characters omitted

⠋⠕⠥⠝⠙⠀⠊⠝⠀⠏⠗⠁⠉⠞⠊⠉⠑⠀⠞⠓⠁⠞⠀⠞⠓⠑⠀⠉⠕⠅⠑⠀⠙⠗⠁⠺⠝⠀
⠋⠗⠕⠍⠀⠋⠊⠧⠑⠀⠕⠋⠀⠞⠓⠑⠀⠗⠑⠞⠕⠗⠞⠎⠀⠊⠎⠀⠟⠥⠊⠞⠑⠀
⠎⠥⠋⠋⠊⠉⠊⠑⠝⠞⠀⠞⠕⠀⠋⠊⠇⠇⠀⠥⠏⠀⠞⠓⠑⠀⠏⠗⠕⠙⠥⠉⠑⠗⠀⠞⠕⠀
⠞⠓⠑⠀⠞⠕⠏⠲⠀⠠⠋⠕⠗⠍⠑⠗⠇⠽⠀⠁⠀⠎⠑⠞⠀⠕⠋⠀⠎⠑⠧⠑⠝⠀
⠗⠑⠞⠕⠗⠞⠎⠀⠋⠊⠗⠑⠙⠀⠊⠝⠀⠞⠓⠑⠀⠕⠗⠙⠊⠝⠁⠗⠽⠀⠺⠁⠽⠀⠋⠗⠕⠍⠀⠁
⠀⠋⠥⠗⠝⠁⠉⠑⠀⠥⠝⠙⠑⠗⠝⠑⠁⠞⠓⠂⠀⠗⠑⠟⠥⠊⠗⠑⠙⠀⠋⠗⠕⠍⠀⠼⠋⠚⠀
⠞⠕⠀⠼⠛⠑⠀⠏⠑⠗⠀⠉⠑⠝⠞⠲⠀⠕⠋⠀⠞⠓⠑⠀⠉⠕⠅⠑⠀⠍⠁⠙⠑⠂⠀⠃⠥⠞⠀
⠝⠕⠺⠂⠀⠺⠊⠞⠓⠀⠑⠊⠛⠓⠞⠀⠗⠑⠞⠕⠗⠞⠎⠀⠊⠝⠀⠑⠁⠉⠓⠀⠕⠧⠑⠝⠂⠀
⠞⠓⠑⠀⠟⠥⠁⠝⠞⠊⠞⠽⠀⠓⠁⠎⠀⠃⠑⠑⠝⠀⠗⠑⠙⠥⠉⠑⠙⠀⠞⠕⠀⠁⠃⠕⠥⠞⠀
⠼⠉⠚⠀⠏⠑⠗⠀⠉⠑⠝⠞⠲⠂⠀⠕⠗⠀⠇⠑⠎⠎⠀⠞⠓⠁⠝⠀⠕⠝⠑⠤⠓⠁⠇⠋⠀⠕⠋⠀
⠺⠓⠁⠞⠀⠊⠞⠀⠋⠕⠗⠍⠑⠗⠇⠽⠀⠺⠁⠎⠲⠀⠠⠃⠑⠋⠕⠗⠑⠀⠞⠓⠑⠀
⠗⠑⠞⠕⠗⠞⠎⠀⠁⠗⠑⠀⠙⠗⠁⠺⠝⠀⠞⠓⠑⠀⠇⠊⠙⠀⠊⠎⠀⠗⠑⠍⠕⠧⠑⠙⠀
⠋⠗⠕⠍⠀⠞⠓⠑⠀⠞⠕⠏⠀⠕⠋⠀⠞⠓⠑⠀⠏⠗⠕⠙⠥⠉⠑⠗⠂⠀⠁⠝⠙⠀⠁⠝⠽⠀
⠋⠥⠑⠇⠀⠎⠞⠊⠇⠇⠀⠗⠑⠍⠁⠊⠝⠊⠝⠛⠀⠥⠝⠉⠕⠝⠎⠥⠍⠑⠙⠀⠊⠎⠀
⠞⠕⠥⠉⠓⠑⠙⠀⠥⠏⠀⠁⠀⠃⠊⠞⠀⠃⠽⠀⠺⠁⠽⠀⠕⠋⠀⠇⠑⠧⠑⠇⠊⠝⠛⠀⠊⠞⠀
⠕⠝⠀⠞⠓⠑⠀⠎⠥⠗⠋⠁⠉⠑⠂⠀⠁⠝⠙⠀⠁⠎⠀⠎⠕⠕⠝⠀⠁⠎⠀⠊⠞⠀⠓⠁⠎⠀
⠃⠑⠑⠝⠀⠋⠊⠇⠇⠑⠙⠀⠥⠏⠀⠞⠕⠀⠞⠓⠑⠀⠉⠕⠝⠎⠞⠗⠊⠉⠞⠑⠙⠀
⠏⠕⠗⠞⠊⠕⠝⠀⠁⠀⠎⠓⠕⠧⠑⠇⠋⠥⠇⠀⠕⠋⠀⠎⠕⠋⠞⠀⠇⠥⠞⠊⠝⠛⠀⠊⠎⠀
⠎⠏⠗⠑⠁⠙⠀⠕⠧⠑⠗⠀⠞⠓⠑⠀⠞⠕⠏⠀⠕⠋⠀⠞⠓⠑⠀⠉⠕⠅⠑⠂⠀⠁⠝⠙⠀⠞⠓⠑
⠀⠇⠊⠙⠀⠊⠎⠀⠇⠁⠊⠙⠀⠥⠏⠕⠝⠀⠊⠞⠀⠁⠝⠙⠀⠙⠗⠊⠧⠑⠝⠀⠓⠕⠍⠑⠂⠀
⠞⠓⠑⠗⠑⠃⠽⠀⠍⠁⠅⠊⠝⠛⠀⠁⠀⠏⠑⠗⠋⠑⠉⠞⠇⠽⠀⠁⠊⠗⠤⠞⠊⠛⠓⠞⠀
⠚⠕⠊⠝⠞⠲⠀⠠⠞⠓⠑⠀⠉⠕⠝⠞⠑⠝⠞⠎⠀⠕⠋⠀⠞⠓⠑⠀⠕⠞⠓⠑⠗⠀⠞⠓⠗⠑⠑⠀
⠗⠑⠞⠕⠗⠞⠎⠂⠀⠁⠎⠀⠁⠇⠎⠕⠀⠞⠓⠑⠀⠉⠕⠝⠞⠑⠝⠞⠎⠀⠕⠋⠀⠞⠓⠑⠀
⠺⠓⠕⠇⠑⠀⠕⠋⠀⠞⠓⠑⠀⠗⠑⠞⠕⠗⠞⠎⠀⠁⠞⠀⠑⠁⠉⠓⠀⠁⠇⠞⠑⠗⠝⠁⠞⠑⠀
⠙⠗⠁⠺⠊⠝⠛⠂⠀⠁⠗⠑⠀⠞⠁⠅⠑⠝⠀⠞⠕⠀⠞⠓⠑⠀⠉⠕⠅⠑⠀⠓⠑⠁⠏⠀⠊⠝⠀

These are the same pages the .brf download embosses — form-feed breaks and all. BRF opens in braille software (Duxbury, BrailleBlaster), on embossers, and on refreshable displays.