Skip to contentSkip to Braille Studio

Library / Biology / Scientific American Supplement, No. 401, September 8, 1883 / Braille

Scientific American Supplement, No. 401, September 8, 1883 ⠃⠗⠋ braille edition

Grade 1 — uncontracted, letter-for-letter. Translated on this server by our own braille engine (BRF — Braille Ready Format, Library of Congress fdd000551). View Grade 2 instead.

Download .brf — Grade 2 Download .brf — Grade 1 Plain-text reader .txt

227,117 braille cells · 240 embossed pages at 40×25 · 620 unrepresentable characters omitted

⠺⠁⠞⠑⠗⠀⠁⠝⠙⠀⠋⠕⠗⠍⠎⠀⠥⠏⠕⠝⠀⠊⠞⠎⠀⠎⠥⠗⠋⠁⠉⠑⠀⠁⠝⠀⠕⠊⠇⠽
⠀⠇⠁⠽⠑⠗⠀⠺⠓⠊⠉⠓⠀⠊⠎⠀⠁⠞⠀⠋⠊⠗⠎⠞⠀⠧⠑⠗⠽⠀⠎⠇⠊⠛⠓⠞⠂⠀
⠃⠥⠞⠀⠞⠓⠑⠀⠞⠓⠊⠉⠅⠝⠑⠎⠎⠀⠕⠋⠀⠺⠓⠊⠉⠓⠀⠍⠁⠽⠀⠊⠝⠉⠗⠑⠁⠎⠑⠀
⠊⠝⠀⠞⠊⠍⠑⠀⠥⠝⠞⠊⠇⠀⠊⠞⠀⠃⠑⠉⠕⠍⠑⠎⠀⠶⠑⠎⠏⠑⠉⠊⠁⠇⠇⠽⠀⠊⠋⠀
⠞⠓⠑⠀⠧⠑⠎⠎⠑⠇⠀⠊⠎⠀⠝⠁⠗⠗⠕⠺⠶⠀⠁⠀⠍⠑⠉⠓⠁⠝⠊⠉⠁⠇⠀
⠕⠃⠎⠞⠁⠉⠇⠑⠀⠞⠕⠀⠞⠓⠑⠀⠛⠽⠗⠁⠞⠊⠕⠝⠀⠕⠋⠀⠞⠓⠑⠀⠎⠍⠁⠇⠇⠀
⠋⠗⠁⠛⠍⠑⠝⠞⠎⠀⠕⠋⠀⠉⠁⠍⠏⠓⠕⠗⠀⠞⠓⠁⠞⠀⠊⠞⠀⠊⠍⠏⠗⠊⠎⠕⠝⠎⠂⠀
⠁⠝⠙⠀⠺⠓⠕⠎⠑⠀⠑⠧⠁⠏⠕⠗⠁⠞⠊⠕⠝⠀⠊⠞⠀⠏⠗⠑⠧⠑⠝⠞⠎⠲⠀⠠⠝⠕⠺⠂
⠀⠁⠎⠀⠞⠓⠊⠎⠀⠇⠁⠽⠑⠗⠀⠕⠋⠀⠧⠕⠇⠁⠞⠊⠇⠑⠀⠕⠊⠇⠀⠍⠁⠽⠀⠁⠝⠙⠀
⠙⠕⠑⠎⠀⠑⠧⠁⠏⠕⠗⠁⠞⠑⠂⠀⠊⠝⠀⠋⠁⠉⠞⠂⠀⠁⠋⠞⠑⠗⠀⠁⠀⠉⠑⠗⠞⠁⠊⠝
⠀⠇⠑⠝⠛⠞⠓⠀⠕⠋⠀⠞⠊⠍⠑⠂⠀⠞⠓⠑⠀⠉⠁⠍⠏⠓⠕⠗⠀⠞⠓⠑⠝⠀
⠗⠑⠎⠥⠍⠑⠎⠀⠊⠞⠎⠀⠛⠽⠗⠁⠞⠕⠗⠽⠀⠍⠕⠞⠊⠕⠝⠎⠆⠀⠃⠥⠞⠀⠞⠓⠑⠗⠑⠀
⠊⠎⠀⠝⠕⠞⠀⠞⠓⠑⠀⠇⠑⠁⠎⠞⠀⠗⠑⠁⠎⠕⠝⠀⠊⠝⠀⠞⠓⠑⠀⠺⠕⠗⠇⠙⠀⠋⠕⠗
⠀⠎⠁⠽⠊⠝⠛⠀⠕⠝⠀⠞⠓⠁⠞⠀⠁⠉⠉⠕⠥⠝⠞⠀⠞⠓⠁⠞⠀⠊⠞⠀⠓⠁⠎⠀
⠓⠁⠃⠊⠞⠥⠁⠞⠑⠙⠀⠊⠞⠎⠑⠇⠋⠀⠞⠕⠀⠞⠓⠑⠀⠉⠁⠥⠎⠑⠀⠺⠓⠊⠉⠓⠀⠓⠁⠙
⠀⠁⠞⠀⠋⠊⠗⠎⠞⠀⠊⠝⠋⠇⠥⠑⠝⠉⠑⠙⠀⠊⠞⠂⠀⠁⠝⠙⠀⠞⠓⠁⠞⠂⠀⠞⠕⠕⠂⠀
⠊⠝⠀⠍⠕⠙⠊⠋⠽⠊⠝⠛⠀⠊⠞⠎⠑⠇⠋⠀⠊⠝⠀⠎⠥⠉⠓⠀⠁⠀⠺⠁⠽⠀⠁⠎⠀⠞⠕⠀
⠗⠑⠝⠙⠑⠗⠀⠝⠥⠇⠇⠀⠞⠓⠑⠀⠊⠝⠋⠇⠥⠑⠝⠉⠑⠀⠕⠋⠀⠁⠀⠉⠁⠥⠎⠑⠀
⠞⠓⠁⠞⠀⠓⠁⠎⠀⠝⠕⠞⠀⠉⠑⠁⠎⠑⠙⠀⠞⠕⠀⠃⠑⠀⠏⠗⠑⠎⠑⠝⠞⠀
⠶⠠⠙⠥⠞⠗⠕⠉⠓⠑⠞⠂⠀⠇⠲⠉⠲⠲⠂⠀⠏⠲⠀⠼⠑⠚⠶⠲⠀⠀⠠⠺⠑⠀⠓⠁⠧⠑⠀
⠃⠑⠑⠝⠀⠑⠝⠁⠃⠇⠑⠙⠀⠞⠕⠀⠉⠕⠝⠧⠊⠝⠉⠑⠀⠕⠥⠗⠎⠑⠇⠋⠀⠕⠋⠀⠞⠓⠑⠀
⠑⠭⠊⠎⠞⠑⠝⠉⠑⠀⠕⠋⠀⠞⠓⠊⠎⠀⠕⠊⠇⠽⠀⠇⠁⠽⠑⠗⠀⠕⠋⠀⠉⠁⠍⠏⠓⠕⠗⠀
⠺⠓⠑⠝⠀⠊⠞⠀⠺⠁⠎⠀⠕⠋⠀⠁⠀⠉⠑⠗⠞⠁⠊⠝⠀⠞⠓⠊⠉⠅⠝⠑⠎⠎⠀⠃⠽⠀
⠊⠝⠞⠗⠕⠙⠥⠉⠊⠝⠛⠀⠥⠝⠙⠑⠗⠀⠞⠓⠑⠀⠺⠁⠞⠑⠗⠀⠕⠝⠀⠺⠓⠊⠉⠓⠀⠊⠞⠂
⠀⠓⠁⠙⠀⠋⠕⠗⠍⠑⠙⠂⠀⠁⠀⠋⠑⠺⠀⠙⠗⠕⠏⠎⠀⠕⠋⠀⠎⠥⠇⠏⠓⠥⠗⠊⠉⠀

These are the same pages the .brf download embosses — form-feed breaks and all. BRF opens in braille software (Duxbury, BrailleBlaster), on embossers, and on refreshable displays.