Skip to contentSkip to Braille Studio

Library / Biology / Scientific American Supplement, No. 362, December 9, 1882 / Braille

Scientific American Supplement, No. 362, December 9, 1882 ⠃⠗⠋ braille edition

Grade 1 — uncontracted, letter-for-letter. Translated on this server by our own braille engine (BRF — Braille Ready Format, Library of Congress fdd000551). View Grade 2 instead.

Download .brf — Grade 2 Download .brf — Grade 1 Plain-text reader .txt

236,380 braille cells · 251 embossed pages at 40×25 · 364 unrepresentable characters omitted

⠀⠁⠝⠙⠀⠇⠑⠝⠙⠎⠀⠊⠞⠎⠑⠇⠋⠀⠞⠕⠀⠧⠑⠝⠞⠊⠇⠁⠞⠊⠝⠛⠀
⠁⠗⠗⠁⠝⠛⠑⠍⠑⠝⠞⠎⠆⠀⠁⠝⠙⠀⠊⠞⠀⠊⠎⠀⠝⠕⠞⠀⠃⠽⠀⠁⠝⠽⠀⠍⠑⠁⠝⠎
⠀⠉⠥⠍⠃⠑⠗⠎⠕⠍⠑⠂⠀⠙⠑⠇⠊⠉⠁⠞⠑⠀⠊⠝⠀⠉⠕⠝⠎⠞⠗⠥⠉⠞⠊⠕⠝⠂⠀
⠕⠗⠀⠉⠕⠎⠞⠇⠽⠀⠊⠝⠀⠍⠁⠝⠥⠋⠁⠉⠞⠥⠗⠑⠲⠀⠠⠕⠝⠑⠀⠕⠋⠀⠞⠓⠑⠀
⠛⠗⠑⠁⠞⠑⠎⠞⠀⠁⠙⠧⠁⠝⠞⠁⠛⠑⠎⠀⠞⠕⠀⠺⠓⠊⠉⠓⠀⠊⠞⠀⠇⠁⠽⠎⠀
⠉⠇⠁⠊⠍⠀⠊⠎⠂⠀⠓⠕⠺⠑⠧⠑⠗⠂⠀⠞⠓⠑⠀⠏⠕⠺⠑⠗⠀⠕⠋⠀⠽⠊⠑⠇⠙⠊⠝⠛
⠀⠁⠇⠍⠕⠎⠞⠀⠁⠎⠀⠛⠕⠕⠙⠀⠗⠑⠎⠥⠇⠞⠎⠀⠊⠝⠀⠁⠀⠎⠍⠁⠇⠇⠀
⠃⠥⠗⠝⠑⠗⠀⠁⠎⠀⠊⠝⠀⠁⠀⠇⠁⠗⠛⠑⠀⠕⠝⠑⠲⠀⠠⠞⠓⠊⠎⠀⠊⠎⠀⠁⠀
⠉⠕⠝⠎⠊⠙⠑⠗⠁⠞⠊⠕⠝⠀⠕⠋⠀⠛⠗⠑⠁⠞⠀⠍⠕⠍⠑⠝⠞⠂⠀⠺⠓⠑⠝⠀⠊⠞⠀
⠊⠎⠀⠗⠑⠍⠑⠍⠃⠑⠗⠑⠙⠀⠞⠓⠁⠞⠀⠞⠓⠑⠀⠞⠑⠝⠙⠑⠝⠉⠽⠀⠕⠋⠀⠍⠕⠎⠞⠀
⠕⠋⠀⠞⠓⠑⠀⠓⠊⠛⠓⠀⠏⠕⠺⠑⠗⠀⠃⠥⠗⠝⠑⠗⠎⠀⠓⠊⠞⠓⠑⠗⠞⠕⠀
⠊⠝⠞⠗⠕⠙⠥⠉⠑⠙⠀⠊⠎⠀⠞⠕⠀⠃⠑⠝⠑⠋⠊⠞⠀⠞⠓⠑⠀⠇⠊⠛⠓⠞⠊⠝⠛⠀⠕⠋
⠀⠎⠞⠗⠑⠑⠞⠎⠂⠀⠇⠁⠗⠛⠑⠀⠊⠝⠞⠑⠗⠊⠕⠗⠎⠂⠀⠁⠝⠙⠂⠀
⠛⠑⠝⠑⠗⠁⠇⠇⠽⠀⠎⠏⠑⠁⠅⠊⠝⠛⠂⠀⠏⠕⠊⠝⠞⠎⠀⠕⠋⠀⠛⠗⠑⠁⠞⠀
⠉⠕⠝⠎⠥⠍⠏⠞⠊⠕⠝⠲⠀⠠⠍⠑⠁⠝⠺⠓⠊⠇⠑⠂⠀⠞⠓⠑⠀⠏⠗⠊⠧⠁⠞⠑⠀
⠥⠎⠑⠗⠀⠕⠋⠀⠃⠥⠗⠝⠑⠗⠎⠂⠀⠉⠕⠝⠎⠥⠍⠊⠝⠛⠀⠋⠗⠕⠍⠀⠼⠉⠀⠞⠕⠀⠼⠑
⠀⠉⠥⠃⠊⠉⠀⠋⠑⠑⠞⠀⠕⠋⠀⠛⠁⠎⠀⠏⠑⠗⠀⠓⠕⠥⠗⠂⠀⠓⠁⠎⠀⠃⠑⠑⠝⠀
⠇⠑⠋⠞⠀⠞⠕⠀⠁⠞⠞⠁⠊⠝⠀⠁⠎⠀⠃⠑⠎⠞⠀⠓⠑⠀⠍⠊⠛⠓⠞⠂⠀⠃⠽⠀⠞⠓⠑⠀
⠥⠎⠑⠀⠕⠋⠀⠃⠥⠗⠝⠑⠗⠎⠀⠑⠭⠉⠑⠇⠇⠑⠝⠞⠀⠕⠋⠀⠞⠓⠑⠊⠗⠀⠅⠊⠝⠙⠂⠀
⠞⠕⠀⠞⠓⠑⠀⠍⠁⠭⠊⠍⠥⠍⠀⠑⠋⠋⠑⠉⠞⠀⠕⠋⠀⠞⠓⠑⠀⠎⠞⠁⠝⠙⠁⠗⠙⠀
⠠⠁⠗⠛⠁⠝⠙⠲⠀⠠⠝⠕⠺⠂⠀⠓⠕⠺⠑⠧⠑⠗⠂⠀⠠⠍⠗⠲⠀⠠⠛⠗⠊⠍⠎⠞⠕⠝⠀
⠎⠑⠑⠅⠎⠀⠞⠕⠀⠍⠁⠅⠑⠀⠞⠓⠑⠀⠎⠍⠁⠇⠇⠀⠉⠕⠝⠎⠥⠍⠑⠗⠀⠏⠁⠗⠞⠁⠅⠑
⠀⠕⠋⠀⠞⠓⠑⠀⠁⠙⠧⠁⠝⠞⠁⠛⠑⠎⠀⠑⠗⠎⠞⠺⠓⠊⠇⠑⠀⠗⠑⠎⠑⠗⠧⠑⠙⠀
⠋⠕⠗⠀⠞⠓⠑⠀⠺⠓⠕⠇⠑⠎⠁⠇⠑⠀⠥⠎⠑⠗⠀⠕⠋⠀⠇⠁⠗⠛⠑⠀⠁⠝⠙⠀
⠉⠕⠎⠞⠇⠽⠀⠠⠎⠊⠑⠍⠑⠝⠎⠀⠁⠝⠙⠀⠕⠞⠓⠑⠗⠀⠇⠁⠍⠏⠎⠂⠀⠁⠝⠙⠀⠓⠑⠀

These are the same pages the .brf download embosses — form-feed breaks and all. BRF opens in braille software (Duxbury, BrailleBlaster), on embossers, and on refreshable displays.