Skip to contentSkip to Braille Studio

Library / Biology / Scientific American Supplement, No. 360, November 25, 1882 / Braille

Scientific American Supplement, No. 360, November 25, 1882 ⠃⠗⠋ braille edition

Grade 2 — contracted English braille (EBAE-compatible subset). Translated on this server by our own braille engine (BRF — Braille Ready Format, Library of Congress fdd000551). View Grade 1 instead.

Download .brf — Grade 2 Download .brf — Grade 1 Plain-text reader .txt

196,616 braille cells · 205 embossed pages at 40×25 · 1,622 unrepresentable characters omitted

⠎⠊⠙⠻⠑⠁⠇⠂⠀⠍⠑⠁⠝⠀⠎⠕⠇⠜⠂⠀⠇⠕⠉⠁⠇⠂⠀⠠⠛⠗⠑⠢⠺⠊⠡⠂⠀⠕⠗⠀
⠠⠺⠁⠩⠬⠞⠕⠝⠂⠀⠯⠀⠓⠑⠀⠊⠎⠀⠗⠑⠋⠻⠗⠫⠀⠞⠕⠀⠁⠝⠀⠑⠏⠓⠑⠍⠻⠊⠎⠀
⠯⠀⠞⠁⠃⠇⠑⠀⠷⠀⠇⠕⠛⠜⠊⠹⠍⠎⠀⠿⠀⠙⠁⠞⠁⠂⠀⠓⠑⠀⠃⠑⠉⠕⠍⠑⠎⠀
⠇⠕⠌⠀⠔⠀⠉⠕⠝⠋⠥⠎⠊⠕⠝⠀⠺⠕⠗⠎⠑⠀⠉⠕⠝⠋⠳⠝⠙⠫⠂⠀⠯⠀⠛⠊⠧⠑⠎⠀
⠥⠏⠀⠔⠀⠙⠑⠎⠏⠁⠊⠗⠂⠀⠎⠑⠞⠞⠇⠬⠀⠙⠪⠝⠀⠞⠕⠀⠮⠀⠉⠕⠝⠧⠊⠉⠞⠊⠕⠝
⠀⠞⠀⠮⠀⠎⠊⠍⠏⠇⠑⠀⠍⠑⠹⠕⠙⠀⠷⠀⠉⠕⠍⠏⠁⠎⠎⠀⠎⠥⠗⠧⠑⠽⠬⠀⠊⠎⠀⠮
⠀⠃⠑⠌⠀⠁⠋⠞⠻⠀⠁⠇⠇⠂⠀⠑⠧⠢⠀⠊⠋⠀⠝⠀⠮⠀⠍⠕⠌⠀⠁⠉⠉⠥⠗⠁⠞⠑⠲⠀
⠠⠓⠁⠧⠬⠀⠗⠑⠉⠑⠊⠧⠫⠀⠝⠥⠍⠻⠳⠎⠀⠗⠑⠟⠥⠑⠌⠎⠀⠿⠀⠊⠝⠿⠍⠁⠞⠊⠕⠝
⠀⠘⠥⠀⠮⠀⠎⠥⠃⠚⠑⠉⠞⠂⠀⠠⠊⠀⠓⠀⠹⠳⠛⠓⠞⠀⠭⠀⠑⠭⠏⠫⠊⠢⠞⠀⠞⠕⠀
⠑⠝⠙⠑⠁⠧⠕⠗⠀⠞⠕⠀⠏⠗⠑⠏⠜⠑⠀⠁⠀⠙⠑⠎⠉⠗⠊⠏⠞⠊⠕⠝⠀⠷⠀⠮⠀
⠍⠑⠹⠕⠙⠀⠷⠀⠙⠑⠞⠻⠍⠔⠬⠀⠮⠀⠞⠗⠥⠑⠀⠍⠻⠊⠙⠊⠁⠝⠀⠱⠊⠡⠀⠩⠳⠇⠙⠀
⠃⠑⠀⠎⠥⠋⠋⠊⠉⠊⠢⠞⠇⠽⠀⠉⠇⠑⠜⠀⠯⠀⠏⠗⠁⠉⠞⠊⠉⠁⠇⠀⠞⠕⠀⠃⠑⠀
⠛⠢⠻⠁⠇⠇⠽⠀⠥⠝⠙⠻⠌⠕⠕⠙⠀⠃⠽⠀⠘⠹⠀⠙⠑⠎⠊⠗⠬⠀⠞⠕⠀⠍⠁⠅⠑⠀
⠥⠎⠑⠀⠷⠀⠎⠥⠡⠀⠊⠝⠿⠍⠁⠞⠊⠕⠝⠲⠀⠀⠠⠹⠊⠎⠀⠺⠀⠊⠝⠧⠕⠇⠧⠑⠀⠁⠝⠀
⠑⠇⠑⠍⠢⠞⠜⠽⠀⠞⠗⠑⠁⠞⠍⠢⠞⠀⠷⠀⠮⠀⠎⠥⠃⠚⠑⠉⠞⠂⠀⠃⠑⠛⠔⠝⠬⠀⠾⠀
⠮⠀⠀⠀⠠⠠⠙⠑⠋⠔⠊⠞⠊⠕⠝⠎⠲⠀⠀⠠⠮⠀⠉⠑⠇⠑⠌⠊⠁⠇⠀⠎⠏⠓⠻⠑⠀⠊⠎⠀
⠞⠀⠊⠍⠁⠛⠔⠜⠽⠀⠎⠥⠗⠋⠁⠉⠑⠀⠘⠥⠀⠱⠊⠡⠀⠁⠇⠇⠀⠉⠑⠇⠑⠌⠊⠁⠇⠀
⠕⠃⠚⠑⠉⠞⠎⠀⠁⠗⠑⠀⠏⠗⠕⠚⠑⠉⠞⠫⠲⠀⠠⠊⠞⠎⠀⠗⠁⠙⠊⠥⠎⠀⠊⠎⠀
⠊⠝⠋⠔⠊⠞⠑⠲⠀⠀⠠⠮⠀⠑⠜⠹⠄⠎⠀⠁⠭⠊⠎⠀⠊⠎⠀⠮⠀⠊⠍⠁⠛⠔⠜⠽⠀⠇⠔⠑
⠀⠁⠃⠳⠞⠀⠱⠊⠡⠀⠭⠀⠗⠑⠧⠕⠇⠧⠑⠎⠲⠀⠀⠠⠮⠀⠏⠕⠇⠑⠎⠀⠁⠗⠑⠀⠮⠀
⠏⠕⠔⠞⠎⠀⠔⠀⠱⠊⠡⠀⠮⠀⠁⠭⠊⠎⠀⠏⠊⠻⠉⠑⠎⠀⠮⠀⠎⠥⠗⠋⠁⠉⠑⠀⠷⠀⠮⠀
⠑⠜⠹⠂⠀⠕⠗⠀⠷⠀⠮⠀⠉⠑⠇⠑⠌⠊⠁⠇⠀⠎⠏⠓⠻⠑⠲⠀⠀⠠⠁⠀⠍⠻⠊⠙⠊⠁⠝⠀
⠊⠎⠀⠁⠀⠛⠗⠑⠁⠞⠀⠉⠊⠗⠉⠇⠑⠀⠷⠀⠮⠀⠑⠜⠹⠀⠉⠥⠞⠀⠕⠥⠞⠀⠃⠽⠀⠁⠀
⠏⠇⠁⠝⠑⠀⠏⠁⠎⠎⠬⠀⠹⠗⠳⠛⠓⠀⠮⠀⠁⠭⠊⠎⠲⠀⠠⠁⠇⠇⠀⠍⠻⠊⠙⠊⠁⠝⠎⠀
⠁⠗⠑⠀⠮⠗⠑⠿⠑⠀⠝⠕⠗⠹⠀⠯⠀⠎⠳⠹⠀⠇⠔⠑⠎⠀⠏⠁⠎⠎⠬⠀⠹⠗⠳⠛⠓⠀⠮⠀

These are the same pages the .brf download embosses — form-feed breaks and all. BRF opens in braille software (Duxbury, BrailleBlaster), on embossers, and on refreshable displays.