Skip to contentSkip to Braille Studio

Library / Biology / Scientific American Supplement, No. 358, November 11, 1882 / Braille

Scientific American Supplement, No. 358, November 11, 1882 ⠃⠗⠋ braille edition

Grade 1 — uncontracted, letter-for-letter. Translated on this server by our own braille engine (BRF — Braille Ready Format, Library of Congress fdd000551). View Grade 2 instead.

Download .brf — Grade 2 Download .brf — Grade 1 Plain-text reader .txt

234,229 braille cells · 249 embossed pages at 40×25 · 804 unrepresentable characters omitted

⠺⠕⠥⠇⠙⠀⠕⠋⠞⠑⠝⠀⠃⠑⠀⠑⠍⠏⠇⠕⠽⠑⠙⠀⠞⠕⠀⠑⠭⠏⠗⠑⠎⠎⠀
⠎⠑⠧⠑⠗⠁⠇⠀⠕⠗⠀⠍⠁⠝⠽⠀⠁⠎⠎⠕⠉⠊⠁⠞⠑⠙⠀⠍⠑⠁⠝⠊⠝⠛⠎⠂⠀⠁⠝⠙
⠀⠝⠕⠀⠺⠕⠗⠙⠎⠀⠁⠏⠏⠑⠁⠗⠑⠙⠀⠞⠕⠀⠓⠁⠧⠑⠀⠃⠑⠑⠝⠀⠑⠝⠞⠊⠗⠑⠇⠽
⠀⠊⠝⠧⠑⠝⠞⠑⠙⠲⠀⠠⠞⠓⠑⠀⠏⠕⠺⠑⠗⠎⠀⠕⠋⠀⠁⠎⠎⠕⠉⠊⠁⠞⠊⠕⠝⠀
⠁⠝⠙⠀⠊⠝⠋⠑⠗⠑⠝⠉⠑⠀⠺⠑⠗⠑⠀⠺⠑⠇⠇⠀⠙⠑⠧⠑⠇⠕⠏⠑⠙⠲⠀⠠⠋⠕⠗⠀
⠊⠝⠎⠞⠁⠝⠉⠑⠂⠀⠞⠓⠑⠀⠉⠓⠊⠇⠙⠀⠗⠑⠉⠑⠊⠧⠑⠙⠀⠍⠁⠝⠽⠀
⠏⠗⠑⠎⠑⠝⠞⠎⠀⠕⠝⠀⠊⠞⠎⠀⠃⠊⠗⠞⠓⠙⠁⠽⠂⠀⠁⠝⠙⠀⠃⠑⠊⠝⠛⠀
⠏⠇⠑⠁⠎⠑⠙⠀⠎⠁⠊⠙⠀⠃⠥⠗⠎⠞⠁⠀⠶⠠⠛⠑⠃⠥⠗⠞⠎⠞⠁⠛⠑⠶⠆⠀
⠁⠋⠞⠑⠗⠺⠁⠗⠙⠀⠺⠓⠑⠝⠀⠎⠊⠍⠊⠇⠁⠗⠇⠽⠀⠏⠇⠑⠁⠎⠑⠙⠀⠊⠞⠀
⠺⠕⠥⠇⠙⠀⠎⠁⠽⠀⠞⠓⠑⠀⠎⠁⠍⠑⠀⠺⠕⠗⠙⠲⠀⠠⠁⠛⠁⠊⠝⠂⠀⠺⠓⠑⠝⠀⠊⠞
⠀⠊⠝⠚⠥⠗⠑⠙⠀⠊⠞⠎⠀⠓⠁⠝⠙⠀⠊⠞⠀⠺⠁⠎⠀⠞⠕⠇⠙⠀⠞⠕⠀⠃⠇⠕⠺⠀
⠥⠏⠕⠝⠀⠊⠞⠂⠀⠁⠝⠙⠀⠕⠝⠀⠁⠋⠞⠑⠗⠺⠁⠗⠙⠀⠅⠝⠕⠉⠅⠊⠝⠛⠀⠊⠞⠎⠀
⠓⠑⠁⠙⠀⠊⠞⠀⠃⠇⠑⠺⠀⠊⠝⠞⠕⠀⠞⠓⠑⠀⠁⠊⠗⠲⠀⠠⠁⠞⠀⠞⠓⠊⠎⠀⠁⠛⠑⠀
⠁⠇⠎⠕⠀⠞⠓⠑⠀⠏⠕⠺⠑⠗⠀⠕⠋⠀⠍⠁⠅⠊⠝⠛⠀⠏⠗⠕⠏⠕⠎⠊⠞⠊⠕⠝⠎⠀
⠁⠙⠧⠁⠝⠉⠑⠙⠀⠉⠕⠝⠎⠊⠙⠑⠗⠁⠃⠇⠽⠂⠀⠁⠎⠀⠺⠁⠎⠀⠎⠓⠕⠺⠝⠂⠀⠋⠕⠗
⠀⠊⠝⠎⠞⠁⠝⠉⠑⠂⠀⠃⠽⠀⠞⠓⠑⠀⠋⠕⠇⠇⠕⠺⠊⠝⠛⠀⠎⠑⠝⠞⠑⠝⠉⠑⠀⠕⠝⠀
⠎⠑⠑⠊⠝⠛⠀⠍⠊⠇⠅⠀⠎⠏⠊⠇⠞⠀⠥⠏⠕⠝⠀⠞⠓⠑⠀⠋⠇⠕⠕⠗⠒⠀⠠⠍⠊⠍⠑⠀
⠁⠞⠞⠁⠀⠞⠑⠏⠏⠁⠀⠏⠁⠏⠁⠀⠕⠂⠀⠺⠓⠊⠉⠓⠀⠺⠁⠎⠀⠑⠟⠥⠊⠧⠁⠇⠑⠝⠞⠀
⠞⠕⠀⠠⠍⠊⠇⠉⠓⠀⠋⠕⠗⠞⠀⠶⠁⠥⠋⠀⠙⠑⠝⠶⠀⠠⠞⠑⠏⠏⠊⠉⠓⠂⠀⠠⠏⠁⠏⠁
⠀⠶⠎⠁⠛⠞⠑⠶⠀⠏⠋⠥⠊⠖⠀⠠⠃⠥⠞⠀⠊⠞⠀⠊⠎⠀⠊⠝⠞⠑⠗⠑⠎⠞⠊⠝⠛⠀
⠞⠓⠁⠞⠀⠁⠞⠀⠞⠓⠊⠎⠀⠁⠛⠑⠀⠺⠕⠗⠙⠎⠀⠺⠑⠗⠑⠀⠇⠑⠁⠗⠝⠞⠀⠺⠊⠞⠓⠀
⠁⠝⠀⠑⠗⠗⠕⠝⠑⠕⠥⠎⠀⠁⠏⠏⠗⠑⠓⠑⠝⠎⠊⠕⠝⠀⠕⠋⠀⠞⠓⠑⠊⠗⠀
⠍⠑⠁⠝⠊⠝⠛⠆⠀⠞⠓⠊⠎⠀⠺⠁⠎⠀⠏⠁⠗⠞⠊⠉⠥⠇⠁⠗⠇⠽⠀⠞⠓⠑⠀⠉⠁⠎⠑⠀
⠺⠊⠞⠓⠀⠏⠗⠕⠝⠕⠥⠝⠎⠤⠤⠙⠑⠊⠝⠀⠠⠃⠑⠞⠞⠂⠀⠋⠕⠗⠀⠑⠭⠁⠍⠏⠇⠑⠂⠀
⠃⠑⠊⠝⠛⠀⠎⠥⠏⠏⠕⠎⠑⠙⠀⠞⠕⠀⠍⠑⠁⠝⠀⠙⠁⠎⠀⠛⠗⠕⠎⠎⠑⠀⠠⠃⠑⠞⠞⠲

These are the same pages the .brf download embosses — form-feed breaks and all. BRF opens in braille software (Duxbury, BrailleBlaster), on embossers, and on refreshable displays.