Skip to contentSkip to Braille Studio

Library / Biology / Scientific American Supplement, No. 324, March 18, 1882 / Braille

Scientific American Supplement, No. 324, March 18, 1882 ⠃⠗⠋ braille edition

Grade 1 — uncontracted, letter-for-letter. Translated on this server by our own braille engine (BRF — Braille Ready Format, Library of Congress fdd000551). View Grade 2 instead.

Download .brf — Grade 2 Download .brf — Grade 1 Plain-text reader .txt

244,717 braille cells · 259 embossed pages at 40×25 · 803 unrepresentable characters omitted

⠕⠧⠑⠗⠀⠉⠕⠝⠎⠞⠗⠥⠉⠞⠊⠕⠝⠂⠀⠃⠥⠞⠀⠊⠞⠀⠊⠎⠀⠃⠕⠞⠓⠀
⠊⠝⠎⠞⠗⠥⠉⠞⠊⠧⠑⠀⠁⠝⠙⠀⠊⠝⠞⠑⠗⠑⠎⠞⠊⠝⠛⠀⠞⠕⠀⠝⠕⠞⠑⠀⠞⠓⠁⠞
⠀⠉⠑⠗⠞⠁⠊⠝⠀⠺⠑⠇⠇⠀⠙⠑⠋⠊⠝⠑⠙⠀⠏⠕⠊⠝⠞⠎⠀⠕⠋⠀⠉⠕⠝⠞⠁⠉⠞⠀
⠝⠕⠺⠀⠑⠭⠊⠎⠞⠀⠃⠑⠞⠺⠑⠑⠝⠀⠁⠇⠇⠀⠞⠓⠑⠀⠛⠗⠑⠁⠞⠀⠎⠽⠎⠞⠑⠍⠎⠲
⠀⠠⠞⠓⠥⠎⠂⠀⠁⠀⠎⠥⠗⠋⠁⠉⠑⠀⠕⠋⠀⠎⠞⠑⠑⠇⠀⠊⠝⠎⠊⠙⠑⠀⠞⠓⠑⠀
⠃⠕⠗⠑⠀⠊⠎⠀⠉⠕⠍⠍⠕⠝⠀⠞⠕⠀⠁⠇⠇⠂⠀⠁⠝⠙⠀⠞⠓⠑⠀⠛⠑⠝⠑⠗⠁⠇⠀
⠥⠎⠑⠀⠕⠋⠀⠎⠞⠑⠑⠇⠀⠊⠎⠀⠎⠏⠗⠑⠁⠙⠊⠝⠛⠀⠋⠁⠎⠞⠲⠀
⠠⠎⠓⠗⠊⠝⠅⠁⠛⠑⠂⠀⠁⠛⠁⠊⠝⠂⠀⠊⠎⠀⠝⠕⠺⠀⠑⠧⠑⠗⠽⠺⠓⠑⠗⠑⠀
⠑⠍⠏⠇⠕⠽⠑⠙⠂⠀⠁⠝⠙⠀⠎⠥⠉⠓⠀⠙⠊⠋⠋⠑⠗⠑⠝⠉⠑⠎⠀⠁⠎⠀⠎⠞⠊⠇⠇⠀
⠑⠭⠊⠎⠞⠀⠁⠗⠑⠀⠍⠁⠞⠞⠑⠗⠎⠀⠗⠁⠞⠓⠑⠗⠀⠕⠋⠀⠙⠑⠞⠁⠊⠇⠀⠞⠓⠁⠝⠀
⠕⠋⠀⠏⠗⠊⠝⠉⠊⠏⠇⠑⠂⠀⠁⠎⠀⠋⠁⠗⠀⠁⠎⠀⠎⠽⠎⠞⠑⠍⠎⠀⠕⠋⠀
⠉⠕⠝⠎⠞⠗⠥⠉⠞⠊⠕⠝⠀⠁⠗⠑⠀⠉⠕⠝⠉⠑⠗⠝⠑⠙⠲⠀⠀⠠⠺⠑⠀⠝⠕⠺⠀
⠉⠕⠍⠑⠀⠞⠕⠀⠁⠀⠏⠁⠗⠞⠀⠕⠋⠀⠞⠓⠑⠀⠟⠥⠑⠎⠞⠊⠕⠝⠀⠺⠓⠊⠉⠓⠀⠓⠁⠎
⠀⠇⠕⠝⠛⠀⠃⠑⠑⠝⠀⠓⠕⠞⠇⠽⠀⠙⠑⠃⠁⠞⠑⠙⠀⠊⠝⠀⠞⠓⠊⠎⠀
⠉⠕⠥⠝⠞⠗⠽⠂⠀⠁⠝⠙⠀⠁⠃⠕⠥⠞⠀⠺⠓⠊⠉⠓⠀⠁⠝⠀⠊⠍⠍⠑⠝⠎⠑⠀
⠟⠥⠁⠝⠞⠊⠞⠽⠀⠕⠋⠀⠍⠁⠞⠞⠑⠗⠀⠓⠁⠎⠀⠃⠑⠑⠝⠀⠃⠕⠞⠓⠀⠎⠏⠕⠅⠑⠝⠀
⠁⠝⠙⠀⠺⠗⠊⠞⠞⠑⠝⠀⠕⠝⠀⠕⠏⠏⠕⠎⠊⠞⠑⠀⠎⠊⠙⠑⠎⠤⠤⠠⠊⠀⠍⠑⠁⠝⠀
⠍⠥⠵⠵⠇⠑⠀⠇⠕⠁⠙⠊⠝⠛⠀⠁⠝⠙⠀⠃⠗⠑⠑⠉⠓⠤⠇⠕⠁⠙⠊⠝⠛⠲⠀⠠⠞⠓⠑⠀
⠉⠕⠝⠞⠗⠕⠧⠑⠗⠎⠽⠀⠓⠁⠎⠀⠃⠑⠑⠝⠀⠁⠀⠗⠑⠍⠁⠗⠅⠁⠃⠇⠑⠀⠕⠝⠑⠂⠀
⠁⠝⠙⠂⠀⠏⠑⠗⠓⠁⠏⠎⠂⠀⠞⠓⠑⠀⠍⠕⠎⠞⠀⠗⠑⠍⠁⠗⠅⠁⠃⠇⠑⠀⠏⠁⠗⠞⠀
⠕⠋⠀⠊⠞⠀⠓⠁⠎⠀⠃⠑⠑⠝⠀⠞⠓⠑⠀⠉⠊⠗⠉⠥⠍⠎⠞⠁⠝⠉⠑⠀⠞⠓⠁⠞⠀
⠺⠓⠊⠇⠑⠀⠞⠓⠑⠗⠑⠀⠊⠎⠀⠝⠕⠺⠀⠇⠊⠞⠞⠇⠑⠀⠙⠕⠥⠃⠞⠀⠞⠓⠁⠞⠀⠞⠓⠑
⠀⠁⠙⠧⠕⠉⠁⠞⠑⠎⠀⠕⠋⠀⠃⠗⠑⠑⠉⠓⠤⠇⠕⠁⠙⠊⠝⠛⠀⠺⠑⠗⠑⠀⠕⠝⠀⠞⠓⠑
⠀⠗⠊⠛⠓⠞⠀⠎⠊⠙⠑⠂⠀⠞⠓⠑⠊⠗⠀⠗⠑⠁⠎⠕⠝⠎⠀⠺⠑⠗⠑⠀⠋⠕⠗⠀⠞⠓⠑⠀
⠍⠕⠎⠞⠀⠏⠁⠗⠞⠀⠋⠁⠇⠇⠁⠉⠊⠕⠥⠎⠲⠀⠠⠞⠓⠥⠎⠂⠀⠞⠓⠑⠽⠀

These are the same pages the .brf download embosses — form-feed breaks and all. BRF opens in braille software (Duxbury, BrailleBlaster), on embossers, and on refreshable displays.