Skip to contentSkip to Braille Studio

Library / Ethics / The Nicomachean ethics of Aristotle / Braille

The Nicomachean ethics of Aristotle ⠃⠗⠋ braille edition

Grade 1 — uncontracted, letter-for-letter. Translated on this server by our own braille engine (BRF — Braille Ready Format, Library of Congress fdd000551). View Grade 2 instead.

Download .brf — Grade 2 Download .brf — Grade 1 Plain-text reader .txt

655,866 braille cells · 693 embossed pages at 40×25 · 2,188 unrepresentable characters omitted

⠁⠝⠽⠀⠀⠅⠊⠝⠙⠂⠀⠕⠗⠂⠀⠍⠕⠗⠑⠀⠛⠑⠝⠑⠗⠁⠇⠇⠽⠂⠀⠁⠇⠇⠀⠺⠓⠕⠀
⠓⠁⠧⠑⠀⠁⠝⠽⠀⠺⠕⠗⠅⠀⠕⠗⠀⠉⠕⠥⠗⠎⠑⠀⠕⠋⠀⠁⠉⠞⠊⠕⠝⠂⠀⠀
⠞⠓⠑⠊⠗⠀⠠⠉⠓⠊⠑⠋⠀⠠⠛⠕⠕⠙⠀⠁⠝⠙⠀⠠⠑⠭⠉⠑⠇⠇⠑⠝⠉⠑⠀⠊⠎⠀
⠞⠓⠕⠥⠛⠓⠞⠀⠞⠕⠀⠗⠑⠎⠊⠙⠑⠀⠊⠝⠀⠞⠓⠑⠊⠗⠀⠺⠕⠗⠅⠂⠀⠎⠕⠀⠀⠊⠞⠀
⠺⠕⠥⠇⠙⠀⠎⠑⠑⠍⠀⠞⠕⠀⠃⠑⠀⠺⠊⠞⠓⠀⠍⠁⠝⠂⠀⠊⠋⠀⠞⠓⠑⠗⠑⠀⠊⠎⠀
⠁⠝⠽⠀⠺⠕⠗⠅⠀⠃⠑⠇⠕⠝⠛⠊⠝⠛⠀⠞⠕⠀⠓⠊⠍⠲⠀⠀⠀⠀⠠⠁⠗⠑⠀⠺⠑⠀
⠞⠓⠑⠝⠀⠞⠕⠀⠎⠥⠏⠏⠕⠎⠑⠂⠀⠞⠓⠁⠞⠀⠺⠓⠊⠇⠑⠀⠉⠁⠗⠏⠑⠝⠞⠑⠗⠀
⠁⠝⠙⠀⠉⠕⠃⠃⠇⠑⠗⠀⠓⠁⠧⠑⠀⠉⠑⠗⠞⠁⠊⠝⠀⠀⠺⠕⠗⠅⠎⠀⠁⠝⠙⠀
⠉⠕⠥⠗⠎⠑⠎⠀⠕⠋⠀⠁⠉⠞⠊⠕⠝⠂⠀⠠⠍⠁⠝⠀⠁⠎⠀⠠⠍⠁⠝⠀⠓⠁⠎⠀
⠝⠕⠝⠑⠂⠀⠃⠥⠞⠀⠊⠎⠀⠇⠑⠋⠞⠀⠃⠽⠀⠠⠝⠁⠞⠥⠗⠑⠀⠀⠺⠊⠞⠓⠕⠥⠞⠀⠁⠀
⠺⠕⠗⠅⠦⠀⠕⠗⠀⠺⠕⠥⠇⠙⠀⠝⠕⠞⠀⠕⠝⠑⠀⠗⠁⠞⠓⠑⠗⠀⠓⠕⠇⠙⠂⠀⠞⠓⠁⠞
⠀⠁⠎⠀⠑⠽⠑⠂⠀⠓⠁⠝⠙⠂⠀⠁⠝⠙⠀⠀⠋⠕⠕⠞⠂⠀⠁⠝⠙⠀⠛⠑⠝⠑⠗⠁⠇⠇⠽⠀
⠑⠁⠉⠓⠀⠕⠋⠀⠓⠊⠎⠀⠍⠑⠍⠃⠑⠗⠎⠂⠀⠓⠁⠎⠀⠍⠁⠝⠊⠋⠑⠎⠞⠇⠽⠀⠎⠕⠍⠑
⠀⠎⠏⠑⠉⠊⠁⠇⠀⠀⠺⠕⠗⠅⠆⠀⠎⠕⠀⠞⠕⠕⠀⠞⠓⠑⠀⠺⠓⠕⠇⠑⠀⠠⠍⠁⠝⠂⠀
⠁⠎⠀⠙⠊⠎⠞⠊⠝⠉⠞⠀⠋⠗⠕⠍⠀⠁⠇⠇⠀⠞⠓⠑⠎⠑⠂⠀⠓⠁⠎⠀⠎⠕⠍⠑⠀
⠺⠕⠗⠅⠀⠀⠕⠋⠀⠓⠊⠎⠀⠕⠺⠝⠦⠼⠁⠓⠀⠀⠀⠀⠠⠺⠓⠁⠞⠀⠞⠓⠑⠝⠀⠉⠁⠝⠀
⠞⠓⠊⠎⠀⠃⠑⠦⠀⠝⠕⠞⠀⠍⠑⠗⠑⠀⠇⠊⠋⠑⠂⠀⠃⠑⠉⠁⠥⠎⠑⠀⠞⠓⠁⠞⠀
⠏⠇⠁⠊⠝⠇⠽⠀⠊⠎⠀⠎⠓⠁⠗⠑⠙⠀⠀⠺⠊⠞⠓⠀⠓⠊⠍⠀⠑⠧⠑⠝⠀⠃⠽⠀
⠧⠑⠛⠑⠞⠁⠃⠇⠑⠎⠂⠀⠁⠝⠙⠀⠺⠑⠀⠺⠁⠝⠞⠀⠺⠓⠁⠞⠀⠊⠎⠀⠏⠑⠉⠥⠇⠊⠁⠗
⠀⠞⠕⠀⠓⠊⠍⠲⠀⠠⠺⠑⠀⠀⠍⠥⠎⠞⠀⠎⠑⠏⠁⠗⠁⠞⠑⠀⠕⠋⠋⠀⠞⠓⠑⠝⠀⠞⠓⠑
⠀⠇⠊⠋⠑⠀⠕⠋⠀⠍⠑⠗⠑⠀⠝⠕⠥⠗⠊⠎⠓⠍⠑⠝⠞⠀⠁⠝⠙⠀⠛⠗⠕⠺⠞⠓⠂⠀
⠁⠝⠙⠀⠀⠝⠑⠭⠞⠀⠺⠊⠇⠇⠀⠉⠕⠍⠑⠀⠞⠓⠑⠀⠇⠊⠋⠑⠀⠕⠋⠀
⠎⠑⠝⠎⠁⠞⠊⠕⠝⠒⠀⠃⠥⠞⠀⠞⠓⠊⠎⠀⠁⠛⠁⠊⠝⠀⠍⠁⠝⠊⠋⠑⠎⠞⠇⠽⠀⠊⠎⠀
⠉⠕⠍⠍⠕⠝⠀⠞⠕⠀⠓⠕⠗⠎⠑⠎⠂⠀⠕⠭⠑⠝⠂⠀⠁⠝⠙⠀⠑⠧⠑⠗⠽⠀
⠁⠝⠊⠍⠁⠇⠲⠀⠠⠞⠓⠑⠗⠑⠀⠗⠑⠍⠁⠊⠝⠎⠀⠞⠓⠑⠝⠀⠁⠀⠅⠊⠝⠙⠀⠕⠋⠀⠀

These are the same pages the .brf download embosses — form-feed breaks and all. BRF opens in braille software (Duxbury, BrailleBlaster), on embossers, and on refreshable displays.