Skip to contentSkip to Braille Studio

Library / Biology / Scientific American Supplement, No. 303, October 22, 1881 / Braille

Scientific American Supplement, No. 303, October 22, 1881 ⠃⠗⠋ braille edition

Grade 2 — contracted English braille (EBAE-compatible subset). Translated on this server by our own braille engine (BRF — Braille Ready Format, Library of Congress fdd000551). View Grade 1 instead.

Download .brf — Grade 2 Download .brf — Grade 1 Plain-text reader .txt

198,782 braille cells · 208 embossed pages at 40×25 · 516 unrepresentable characters omitted

⠏⠻⠿⠍⠫⠀⠃⠑⠬⠀⠝⠪⠀⠺⠑⠇⠇⠀⠑⠝⠳⠛⠓⠀⠥⠝⠙⠻⠌⠕⠕⠙⠂⠀⠇⠑⠞⠀⠥⠀
⠿⠀⠁⠀⠍⠕⠍⠢⠞⠀⠑⠭⠁⠍⠔⠑⠀⠮⠀⠍⠕⠞⠊⠕⠝⠎⠀⠷⠀⠮⠀⠋⠁⠃⠗⠊⠉⠎⠀
⠞⠕⠀⠃⠑⠀⠉⠥⠞⠀⠯⠀⠙⠕⠞⠞⠫⠤⠤⠮⠀⠋⠊⠗⠌⠀⠃⠑⠬⠀⠧⠑⠇⠧⠑⠞⠀⠕⠗⠀
⠁⠝⠽⠀⠕⠮⠗⠀⠍⠁⠞⠻⠊⠁⠇⠂⠀⠑⠧⠢⠀⠍⠑⠞⠁⠇⠀⠶⠛⠕⠇⠙⠇⠑⠁⠋⠂⠀⠿⠀
⠑⠭⠁⠍⠏⠇⠑⠶⠂⠀⠯⠀⠮⠀⠎⠑⠉⠕⠝⠙⠂⠀⠮⠀⠞⠥⠇⠇⠑⠲⠀⠀⠠⠮⠀⠇⠁⠞⠞⠻
⠀⠓⠁⠎⠀⠃⠀⠐⠕⠀⠍⠕⠞⠊⠕⠝⠂⠀⠯⠀⠞⠀⠊⠎⠀⠔⠀⠮⠀⠙⠊⠗⠑⠉⠞⠊⠕⠝⠀⠷
⠀⠊⠞⠎⠀⠇⠢⠛⠹⠂⠀⠱⠊⠇⠑⠀⠮⠀⠧⠑⠇⠧⠑⠞⠀⠓⠁⠎⠂⠀⠔⠀⠁⠙⠙⠊⠞⠊⠕⠝
⠀⠞⠕⠀⠹⠊⠎⠀⠎⠁⠍⠑⠀⠍⠕⠞⠊⠕⠝⠂⠀⠁⠝⠕⠮⠗⠀⠎⠇⠊⠛⠓⠞⠀⠐⠕⠀⠋⠀
⠐⠗⠀⠞⠕⠀⠇⠑⠋⠞⠀⠔⠀⠮⠀⠙⠊⠗⠑⠉⠞⠊⠕⠝⠀⠷⠀⠊⠞⠎⠀⠺⠊⠙⠹⠀⠔⠀
⠕⠗⠙⠻⠀⠞⠕⠀⠙⠊⠍⠔⠊⠩⠀⠺⠁⠌⠑⠀⠵⠀⠍⠥⠡⠀⠵⠀⠏⠕⠎⠎⠊⠃⠇⠑⠲⠀⠀
⠠⠮⠀⠞⠥⠇⠇⠑⠀⠞⠕⠀⠃⠑⠀⠙⠕⠞⠞⠫⠀⠊⠎⠀⠋⠊⠗⠌⠀⠺⠳⠝⠙⠀⠁⠗⠳⠝⠙⠀
⠁⠀⠗⠕⠇⠇⠻⠂⠀⠠⠗⠂⠀⠋⠀⠱⠢⠉⠑⠀⠭⠀⠏⠁⠎⠎⠑⠎⠀⠕⠧⠻⠀⠮⠀⠛⠇⠁⠎⠎
⠀⠛⠥⠊⠙⠑⠤⠗⠕⠇⠇⠻⠂⠀⠠⠗⠄⠂⠀⠯⠀⠃⠑⠞⠺⠑⠢⠀⠮⠀⠡⠁⠝⠝⠑⠇⠂⠀
⠠⠙⠂⠀⠯⠀⠮⠀⠞⠁⠃⠇⠑⠂⠀⠠⠞⠂⠀⠞⠕⠀⠮⠀⠗⠕⠇⠇⠻⠂⠀⠠⠗⠂⠀⠱⠊⠡⠀
⠊⠎⠀⠓⠑⠁⠞⠫⠀⠃⠽⠀⠌⠑⠁⠍⠲⠀⠀⠠⠮⠀⠓⠕⠞⠀⠁⠊⠗⠀⠱⠊⠡⠀⠊⠎⠀
⠗⠁⠙⠊⠁⠞⠫⠀⠙⠗⠊⠑⠎⠀⠮⠀⠙⠕⠞⠎⠂⠀⠯⠀⠋⠀⠮⠝⠉⠑⠀⠮⠀⠋⠁⠃⠗⠊⠉⠀
⠊⠎⠀⠞⠁⠅⠢⠀⠥⠏⠀⠃⠽⠀⠕⠮⠗⠀⠗⠕⠇⠇⠻⠎⠀⠕⠗⠀⠃⠽⠀⠁⠝⠽⠀⠕⠮⠗⠀
⠍⠑⠹⠕⠙⠲⠀⠠⠮⠀⠌⠑⠁⠍⠀⠗⠕⠇⠇⠻⠂⠀⠠⠗⠂⠀⠉⠜⠗⠊⠑⠎⠀⠁⠞⠀⠐⠕⠀⠷
⠀⠊⠞⠎⠀⠑⠭⠞⠗⠑⠍⠊⠞⠊⠑⠎⠀⠁⠀⠗⠁⠞⠡⠑⠞⠀⠱⠑⠑⠇⠀⠘⠱⠀⠞⠑⠑⠹⠀
⠧⠜⠽⠀⠔⠀⠝⠥⠍⠃⠻⠀⠁⠉⠉⠕⠗⠙⠬⠀⠞⠕⠀⠮⠀⠛⠗⠑⠁⠞⠻⠀⠕⠗⠀⠇⠑⠎⠎⠀
⠗⠁⠏⠊⠙⠊⠞⠽⠀⠾⠀⠱⠊⠡⠀⠮⠀⠞⠥⠇⠇⠑⠀⠊⠎⠀⠥⠝⠗⠕⠇⠇⠫⠲⠀⠠⠭⠀⠊⠎
⠀⠁⠉⠞⠥⠁⠞⠫⠀⠃⠽⠀⠁⠀⠇⠑⠧⠻⠀⠱⠊⠡⠀⠗⠑⠉⠑⠊⠧⠑⠎⠀⠊⠞⠎⠀
⠍⠕⠞⠊⠕⠝⠀⠋⠀⠮⠀⠑⠉⠉⠢⠞⠗⠊⠉⠂⠀⠠⠅⠲⠀⠀⠠⠊⠇⠇⠥⠌⠗⠁⠞⠊⠕⠝⠒⠀
⠠⠠⠊⠍⠏⠗⠕⠧⠫⠀⠠⠠⠍⠁⠡⠔⠑⠀⠠⠠⠿⠀⠠⠠⠙⠕⠞⠞⠬⠀⠠⠠⠞⠥⠇⠇⠯⠀
⠠⠠⠕⠮⠗⠀⠠⠠⠇⠊⠛⠓⠞⠀⠠⠠⠋⠁⠃⠗⠊⠉⠎⠲⠀⠀⠠⠔⠀⠮⠀⠞⠁⠃⠇⠑⠂⠀

These are the same pages the .brf download embosses — form-feed breaks and all. BRF opens in braille software (Duxbury, BrailleBlaster), on embossers, and on refreshable displays.