Skip to contentSkip to Braille Studio

Library / Biology / Scientific American Supplement, No. 303, October 22, 1881 / Braille

Scientific American Supplement, No. 303, October 22, 1881 ⠃⠗⠋ braille edition

Grade 1 — uncontracted, letter-for-letter. Translated on this server by our own braille engine (BRF — Braille Ready Format, Library of Congress fdd000551). View Grade 2 instead.

Download .brf — Grade 2 Download .brf — Grade 1 Plain-text reader .txt

237,555 braille cells · 251 embossed pages at 40×25 · 516 unrepresentable characters omitted

⠀⠥⠎⠑⠀⠞⠓⠊⠎⠀⠍⠑⠞⠓⠕⠙⠂⠀⠎⠕⠇⠥⠞⠊⠕⠝⠀⠠⠝⠕⠎⠲⠀⠠⠊⠂⠀
⠠⠠⠊⠊⠲⠂⠀⠁⠝⠙⠀⠠⠠⠊⠧⠲⠀⠁⠗⠑⠀⠍⠁⠙⠑⠀⠥⠏⠀⠑⠭⠁⠉⠞⠇⠽⠀⠁⠎⠀
⠋⠕⠗⠀⠞⠓⠑⠀⠃⠕⠊⠇⠊⠝⠛⠀⠍⠑⠞⠓⠕⠙⠂⠀⠑⠭⠉⠑⠏⠞⠀⠞⠓⠁⠞⠀⠠⠝⠕⠲
⠀⠠⠠⠊⠊⠲⠀⠊⠎⠀⠝⠕⠞⠀⠁⠉⠊⠙⠊⠋⠊⠑⠙⠲⠀⠠⠇⠊⠟⠥⠊⠙⠀⠁⠍⠍⠕⠝⠊⠁
⠀⠊⠎⠀⠞⠓⠑⠝⠀⠏⠕⠥⠗⠑⠙⠀⠺⠊⠞⠓⠀⠎⠞⠊⠗⠗⠊⠝⠛⠀⠊⠝⠞⠕⠀⠞⠓⠑⠀
⠎⠊⠇⠧⠑⠗⠀⠎⠕⠇⠥⠞⠊⠕⠝⠂⠀⠥⠝⠞⠊⠇⠀⠊⠞⠀⠃⠇⠁⠉⠅⠑⠝⠎⠀⠁⠝⠙⠀
⠁⠛⠁⠊⠝⠀⠉⠇⠑⠁⠗⠎⠲⠀⠠⠑⠍⠥⠇⠎⠊⠋⠊⠉⠁⠞⠊⠕⠝⠀⠊⠎⠀
⠏⠑⠗⠋⠕⠗⠍⠑⠙⠀⠑⠭⠁⠉⠞⠇⠽⠀⠁⠎⠀⠙⠑⠎⠉⠗⠊⠃⠑⠙⠀⠁⠃⠕⠧⠑⠂⠀
⠃⠥⠞⠀⠊⠝⠎⠞⠑⠁⠙⠀⠕⠋⠀⠃⠕⠊⠇⠊⠝⠛⠂⠀⠞⠓⠑⠀⠑⠍⠥⠇⠎⠊⠕⠝⠀⠊⠎⠀
⠅⠑⠏⠞⠀⠁⠞⠀⠁⠀⠞⠑⠍⠏⠑⠗⠁⠞⠥⠗⠑⠀⠕⠋⠀⠁⠃⠕⠥⠞⠀⠼⠁⠚⠚⠀
⠠⠋⠁⠓⠗⠲⠀⠋⠕⠗⠀⠓⠁⠇⠋⠀⠁⠝⠀⠓⠕⠥⠗⠂⠀⠺⠓⠑⠝⠀⠊⠞⠀⠊⠎⠀
⠏⠕⠥⠗⠑⠙⠀⠊⠝⠞⠕⠀⠞⠓⠑⠀⠁⠇⠉⠕⠓⠕⠇⠂⠀⠝⠕⠀⠁⠙⠙⠊⠞⠊⠕⠝⠀⠕⠋⠀
⠛⠑⠇⠁⠞⠊⠝⠑⠀⠃⠑⠊⠝⠛⠀⠏⠗⠑⠧⠊⠕⠥⠎⠇⠽⠀⠍⠁⠙⠑⠲⠀⠀⠠⠊⠀
⠞⠓⠊⠝⠅⠀⠠⠊⠀⠍⠁⠽⠀⠉⠇⠁⠊⠍⠀⠋⠕⠗⠀⠞⠓⠑⠀⠍⠑⠞⠓⠕⠙⠀⠺⠓⠊⠉⠓⠀
⠠⠊⠀⠓⠁⠧⠑⠀⠚⠥⠎⠞⠀⠙⠑⠎⠉⠗⠊⠃⠑⠙⠀⠞⠓⠁⠞⠀⠊⠞⠀⠊⠎⠀⠇⠑⠎⠎⠀
⠞⠗⠕⠥⠃⠇⠑⠎⠕⠍⠑⠀⠁⠝⠙⠀⠍⠕⠗⠑⠀⠉⠑⠗⠞⠁⠊⠝⠀⠞⠓⠁⠝⠀⠑⠊⠞⠓⠑⠗
⠀⠞⠓⠑⠀⠕⠗⠙⠊⠝⠁⠗⠽⠀⠺⠁⠎⠓⠊⠝⠛⠀⠍⠑⠞⠓⠕⠙⠀⠕⠗⠀⠞⠓⠑⠀
⠥⠎⠥⠁⠇⠀⠕⠝⠑⠀⠕⠋⠀⠏⠗⠑⠉⠊⠏⠊⠞⠁⠞⠊⠝⠛⠀⠺⠊⠞⠓⠀⠁⠇⠉⠕⠓⠕⠇⠂
⠀⠺⠓⠊⠇⠑⠀⠊⠞⠀⠁⠋⠋⠕⠗⠙⠎⠀⠁⠝⠀⠑⠁⠎⠽⠀⠍⠑⠞⠓⠕⠙⠀⠕⠋⠀
⠍⠁⠅⠊⠝⠛⠀⠎⠑⠝⠎⠊⠞⠊⠧⠑⠀⠎⠊⠇⠧⠑⠗⠀⠃⠗⠕⠍⠊⠙⠑⠀⠊⠝⠀⠎⠥⠉⠓⠀
⠁⠀⠋⠕⠗⠍⠀⠞⠓⠁⠞⠀⠊⠞⠀⠉⠁⠝⠀⠃⠑⠀⠍⠕⠗⠑⠀⠑⠁⠎⠊⠇⠽⠀⠎⠞⠕⠗⠑⠙
⠀⠁⠝⠙⠀⠁⠋⠞⠑⠗⠺⠁⠗⠙⠎⠀⠍⠁⠝⠊⠏⠥⠇⠁⠞⠑⠙⠀⠞⠓⠁⠝⠀⠊⠋⠀⠊⠞⠀
⠺⠑⠗⠑⠀⠊⠝⠀⠞⠓⠑⠀⠋⠕⠗⠍⠀⠕⠋⠀⠏⠑⠇⠇⠊⠉⠇⠑⠲⠀⠠⠞⠓⠑⠀⠺⠓⠕⠇⠑
⠀⠕⠋⠀⠞⠓⠑⠀⠎⠕⠇⠥⠃⠇⠑⠀⠎⠁⠇⠞⠎⠀⠁⠗⠑⠀⠑⠇⠊⠍⠊⠝⠁⠞⠑⠙⠂⠀
⠁⠝⠙⠀⠁⠇⠎⠕⠀⠁⠝⠽⠀⠛⠑⠇⠁⠞⠊⠝⠑⠀⠺⠓⠊⠉⠓⠀⠍⠁⠽⠀⠓⠁⠧⠑⠀

These are the same pages the .brf download embosses — form-feed breaks and all. BRF opens in braille software (Duxbury, BrailleBlaster), on embossers, and on refreshable displays.