Skip to contentSkip to Braille Studio

Library / Biology / Scientific American Supplement, No. 303, October 22, 1881 / Braille

Scientific American Supplement, No. 303, October 22, 1881 ⠃⠗⠋ braille edition

Grade 1 — uncontracted, letter-for-letter. Translated on this server by our own braille engine (BRF — Braille Ready Format, Library of Congress fdd000551). View Grade 2 instead.

Download .brf — Grade 2 Download .brf — Grade 1 Plain-text reader .txt

237,555 braille cells · 251 embossed pages at 40×25 · 516 unrepresentable characters omitted

⠀⠁⠝⠙⠀⠝⠊⠞⠗⠁⠞⠑⠀⠁⠋⠞⠑⠗⠀⠺⠁⠎⠓⠊⠝⠛⠲⠀⠠⠃⠑⠎⠊⠙⠑⠎⠀
⠞⠓⠊⠎⠂⠀⠞⠓⠑⠀⠉⠕⠝⠎⠥⠍⠏⠞⠊⠕⠝⠀⠕⠋⠀⠁⠇⠉⠕⠓⠕⠇⠀⠊⠎⠀⠧⠑⠗⠽
⠀⠇⠁⠗⠛⠑⠲⠀⠠⠁⠇⠍⠕⠎⠞⠀⠞⠓⠗⠑⠑⠀⠞⠊⠍⠑⠎⠀⠞⠓⠑⠀⠁⠍⠕⠥⠝⠞⠀
⠕⠋⠀⠞⠓⠑⠀⠑⠍⠥⠇⠎⠊⠕⠝⠀⠏⠗⠑⠉⠊⠏⠊⠞⠁⠞⠑⠙⠀⠊⠎⠀
⠗⠑⠟⠥⠊⠗⠑⠙⠂⠀⠁⠝⠙⠀⠞⠓⠊⠎⠂⠀⠑⠧⠑⠝⠀⠺⠓⠑⠝⠀⠍⠑⠞⠓⠽⠇⠁⠞⠑⠙
⠀⠎⠏⠊⠗⠊⠞⠀⠊⠎⠀⠥⠎⠑⠙⠂⠀⠁⠙⠙⠎⠀⠉⠕⠝⠎⠊⠙⠑⠗⠁⠃⠇⠽⠀⠞⠕⠀
⠞⠓⠑⠀⠑⠭⠏⠑⠝⠎⠑⠲⠀⠠⠺⠊⠞⠓⠀⠁⠀⠧⠊⠑⠺⠀⠕⠋⠀⠙⠕⠊⠝⠛⠀⠁⠺⠁⠽⠀
⠺⠊⠞⠓⠀⠞⠓⠑⠀⠺⠁⠎⠓⠊⠝⠛⠀⠁⠇⠞⠕⠛⠑⠞⠓⠑⠗⠂⠀⠕⠗⠂⠀⠗⠁⠞⠓⠑⠗⠂
⠀⠕⠋⠀⠺⠁⠎⠓⠊⠝⠛⠀⠕⠋⠀⠞⠓⠑⠀⠎⠊⠇⠧⠑⠗⠀⠃⠗⠕⠍⠊⠙⠑⠀⠺⠓⠑⠝⠀
⠝⠕⠞⠀⠊⠝⠉⠕⠗⠏⠕⠗⠁⠞⠑⠙⠀⠺⠊⠞⠓⠀⠞⠓⠑⠀⠛⠑⠇⠁⠞⠊⠝⠑⠂⠀
⠎⠑⠧⠑⠗⠁⠇⠀⠏⠗⠕⠉⠑⠎⠎⠑⠎⠀⠓⠁⠧⠑⠀⠃⠑⠑⠝⠀⠊⠝⠧⠑⠝⠞⠑⠙⠲⠀
⠠⠃⠽⠀⠞⠓⠑⠎⠑⠀⠎⠊⠇⠧⠑⠗⠀⠃⠗⠕⠍⠊⠙⠑⠀⠊⠎⠀⠕⠃⠞⠁⠊⠝⠑⠙⠀⠊⠝⠀
⠁⠀⠧⠑⠗⠽⠀⠋⠊⠝⠑⠀⠎⠞⠁⠞⠑⠀⠕⠋⠀⠙⠊⠧⠊⠎⠊⠕⠝⠂⠀⠗⠑⠁⠙⠽⠀⠞⠕⠀
⠍⠊⠭⠀⠺⠊⠞⠓⠀⠛⠑⠇⠁⠞⠊⠝⠑⠀⠁⠝⠙⠀⠺⠁⠞⠑⠗⠀⠊⠝⠀⠁⠝⠽⠀
⠏⠗⠕⠏⠕⠗⠞⠊⠕⠝⠲⠀⠀⠠⠞⠓⠑⠀⠃⠑⠎⠞⠀⠅⠝⠕⠺⠝⠀⠕⠋⠀⠞⠓⠑⠍⠀⠊⠎⠀
⠠⠉⠁⠏⠞⠁⠊⠝⠀⠠⠁⠃⠝⠑⠽⠄⠎⠀⠧⠑⠗⠽⠀⠊⠝⠛⠑⠝⠊⠕⠥⠎⠀
⠛⠇⠽⠉⠑⠗⠊⠝⠑⠀⠍⠑⠞⠓⠕⠙⠂⠀⠺⠓⠊⠉⠓⠀⠎⠑⠑⠍⠎⠀⠞⠕⠀⠓⠁⠧⠑⠀
⠃⠑⠑⠝⠀⠞⠓⠕⠗⠕⠥⠛⠓⠇⠽⠀⠎⠥⠉⠉⠑⠎⠎⠋⠥⠇⠀⠊⠝⠀⠓⠊⠎⠀⠓⠁⠝⠙⠎⠂
⠀⠁⠇⠞⠓⠕⠥⠛⠓⠀⠊⠞⠀⠓⠁⠎⠀⠝⠕⠞⠀⠃⠑⠑⠝⠀⠊⠝⠀⠑⠧⠑⠗⠽⠀
⠕⠝⠑⠄⠎⠲⠀⠠⠞⠓⠑⠀⠎⠊⠇⠧⠑⠗⠀⠃⠗⠕⠍⠊⠙⠑⠀⠕⠃⠞⠁⠊⠝⠑⠙⠀⠃⠽⠀
⠓⠊⠎⠀⠏⠗⠕⠉⠑⠎⠎⠀⠊⠎⠀⠝⠕⠞⠀⠓⠊⠛⠓⠇⠽⠀⠎⠑⠝⠎⠊⠞⠊⠧⠑⠂⠀⠁⠝⠙
⠀⠗⠑⠟⠥⠊⠗⠑⠎⠀⠃⠕⠊⠇⠊⠝⠛⠀⠺⠊⠞⠓⠀⠛⠑⠇⠁⠞⠊⠝⠑⠀⠃⠑⠋⠕⠗⠑⠀
⠊⠞⠀⠊⠎⠀⠊⠝⠀⠁⠀⠋⠊⠞⠀⠎⠞⠁⠞⠑⠀⠞⠕⠀⠍⠁⠅⠑⠀⠁⠀⠗⠁⠏⠊⠙⠀
⠏⠇⠁⠞⠑⠲⠀⠀⠠⠺⠑⠀⠓⠁⠧⠑⠀⠇⠁⠞⠑⠇⠽⠀⠓⠁⠙⠀⠙⠑⠎⠉⠗⠊⠃⠑⠙⠀⠊⠝
⠀⠞⠓⠑⠎⠑⠀⠉⠕⠇⠥⠍⠝⠎⠀⠁⠀⠍⠑⠞⠓⠕⠙⠀⠕⠋⠀⠕⠃⠞⠁⠊⠝⠊⠝⠛⠀

These are the same pages the .brf download embosses — form-feed breaks and all. BRF opens in braille software (Duxbury, BrailleBlaster), on embossers, and on refreshable displays.