Skip to contentSkip to Braille Studio

Library / Biology / Scientific American Supplement, No. 303, October 22, 1881 / Braille

Scientific American Supplement, No. 303, October 22, 1881 ⠃⠗⠋ braille edition

Grade 1 — uncontracted, letter-for-letter. Translated on this server by our own braille engine (BRF — Braille Ready Format, Library of Congress fdd000551). View Grade 2 instead.

Download .brf — Grade 2 Download .brf — Grade 1 Plain-text reader .txt

237,555 braille cells · 251 embossed pages at 40×25 · 516 unrepresentable characters omitted

⠀⠞⠓⠑⠀⠎⠓⠁⠋⠞⠀⠕⠗⠀⠙⠗⠥⠍⠂⠀⠠⠁⠲⠀⠠⠑⠁⠉⠓⠀⠕⠋⠀⠞⠓⠑⠀
⠺⠓⠑⠑⠇⠎⠀⠉⠁⠗⠗⠊⠑⠎⠀⠞⠓⠗⠑⠑⠀⠉⠁⠍⠎⠀⠶⠠⠋⠊⠛⠎⠲⠀⠼⠁⠀⠁⠝⠙
⠀⠼⠉⠶⠂⠀⠞⠓⠑⠀⠋⠊⠗⠎⠞⠂⠀⠶⠁⠶⠂⠀⠉⠕⠗⠗⠑⠎⠏⠕⠝⠙⠊⠝⠛⠀⠞⠕⠀
⠞⠓⠑⠀⠏⠥⠝⠉⠓⠊⠝⠛⠆⠀⠞⠓⠑⠀⠎⠑⠉⠕⠝⠙⠂⠀⠶⠁⠄⠶⠂⠀⠞⠕⠀⠞⠓⠑⠀
⠍⠕⠊⠎⠞⠑⠝⠊⠝⠛⠂⠀⠁⠝⠙⠀⠞⠓⠑⠀⠞⠓⠊⠗⠙⠂⠀⠶⠁⠄⠄⠶⠂⠀⠞⠕⠀⠞⠓⠑
⠀⠛⠇⠥⠊⠝⠛⠀⠙⠕⠺⠝⠀⠕⠋⠀⠞⠓⠑⠀⠙⠕⠞⠎⠲⠀⠀⠠⠞⠓⠑⠀⠁⠝⠝⠑⠭⠑⠙⠀
⠋⠊⠛⠥⠗⠑⠂⠀⠕⠝⠑⠤⠟⠥⠁⠗⠞⠑⠗⠀⠁⠉⠞⠥⠁⠇⠀⠎⠊⠵⠑⠂⠀⠎⠓⠕⠺⠎⠀
⠊⠝⠀⠎⠑⠉⠞⠊⠕⠝⠀⠞⠓⠑⠀⠙⠑⠞⠁⠊⠇⠎⠀⠕⠋⠀⠞⠓⠑⠀⠉⠥⠞⠞⠊⠝⠛⠀
⠍⠑⠉⠓⠁⠝⠊⠎⠍⠲⠀⠠⠞⠕⠀⠑⠁⠉⠓⠀⠉⠁⠍⠤⠺⠓⠑⠑⠇⠀⠞⠓⠑⠗⠑⠀
⠉⠕⠗⠗⠑⠎⠏⠕⠝⠙⠎⠀⠕⠝⠑⠀⠏⠥⠝⠉⠓⠂⠀⠁⠝⠙⠀⠞⠓⠑⠀⠑⠊⠛⠓⠞⠽⠀
⠏⠥⠝⠉⠓⠑⠎⠀⠁⠗⠑⠀⠁⠗⠗⠁⠝⠛⠑⠙⠀⠎⠊⠙⠑⠀⠃⠽⠀⠎⠊⠙⠑⠀⠁⠝⠙⠀
⠏⠁⠗⠁⠇⠇⠑⠇⠀⠥⠏⠕⠝⠀⠁⠀⠎⠓⠁⠋⠞⠂⠀⠠⠃⠂⠀⠁⠀⠎⠏⠗⠊⠝⠛⠂⠀⠃⠂⠀
⠓⠕⠇⠙⠊⠝⠛⠀⠞⠓⠑⠍⠀⠉⠕⠝⠎⠞⠁⠝⠞⠇⠽⠀⠁⠛⠁⠊⠝⠎⠞⠀⠞⠓⠑⠀
⠉⠊⠗⠉⠥⠍⠋⠑⠗⠑⠝⠉⠑⠀⠕⠋⠀⠞⠓⠑⠀⠉⠁⠍⠤⠺⠓⠑⠑⠇⠎⠲⠀⠠⠊⠝⠀
⠠⠋⠊⠛⠲⠀⠼⠃⠀⠕⠝⠇⠽⠀⠕⠝⠑⠀⠕⠋⠀⠞⠓⠑⠎⠑⠀⠙⠑⠞⠁⠊⠇⠎⠀⠊⠎⠀
⠎⠓⠕⠺⠝⠲⠀⠠⠞⠓⠑⠀⠏⠥⠝⠉⠓⠊⠝⠛⠀⠁⠗⠗⠁⠝⠛⠑⠍⠑⠝⠞⠀
⠉⠕⠝⠎⠊⠎⠞⠎⠀⠕⠋⠀⠁⠝⠀⠕⠗⠙⠊⠝⠁⠗⠽⠀⠏⠥⠝⠉⠓⠂⠀⠉⠂⠀⠕⠋⠀
⠧⠁⠗⠊⠁⠃⠇⠑⠀⠙⠊⠁⠍⠑⠞⠑⠗⠂⠀⠎⠉⠗⠑⠺⠑⠙⠀⠞⠕⠀⠞⠓⠑⠀
⠑⠭⠞⠗⠑⠍⠊⠞⠽⠀⠕⠋⠀⠁⠀⠞⠥⠃⠑⠂⠀⠙⠂⠀⠺⠓⠊⠉⠓⠀⠊⠎⠀⠊⠞⠎⠑⠇⠋⠀
⠎⠥⠎⠏⠑⠝⠙⠑⠙⠀⠋⠗⠕⠍⠀⠞⠓⠑⠀⠑⠝⠙⠀⠕⠋⠀⠞⠓⠑⠀⠇⠑⠧⠑⠗⠂⠀⠏⠂⠀
⠃⠥⠞⠀⠺⠓⠊⠉⠓⠀⠉⠁⠝⠀⠗⠑⠉⠑⠊⠧⠑⠀⠋⠗⠕⠍⠀⠊⠞⠀⠁⠞⠀⠞⠓⠑⠀
⠙⠑⠎⠊⠗⠑⠙⠀⠍⠕⠍⠑⠝⠞⠀⠞⠓⠑⠀⠏⠗⠑⠎⠎⠥⠗⠑⠀⠝⠑⠉⠑⠎⠎⠁⠗⠽⠀⠞⠕
⠀⠑⠋⠋⠑⠉⠞⠀⠞⠓⠑⠀⠉⠥⠞⠞⠊⠝⠛⠲⠀⠠⠞⠓⠑⠀⠧⠑⠗⠞⠊⠉⠁⠇⠀
⠏⠕⠎⠊⠞⠊⠕⠝⠀⠕⠋⠀⠞⠓⠑⠎⠑⠀⠍⠥⠇⠞⠊⠏⠇⠑⠀⠞⠥⠃⠑⠎⠀⠊⠎⠀
⠊⠝⠎⠥⠗⠑⠙⠀⠃⠽⠀⠁⠀⠛⠥⠊⠙⠑⠂⠀⠑⠂⠀⠺⠓⠊⠉⠓⠀⠊⠎⠀

These are the same pages the .brf download embosses — form-feed breaks and all. BRF opens in braille software (Duxbury, BrailleBlaster), on embossers, and on refreshable displays.