Skip to contentSkip to Braille Studio

Library / Biology / Scientific American Supplement, No. 303, October 22, 1881 / Braille

Scientific American Supplement, No. 303, October 22, 1881 ⠃⠗⠋ braille edition

Grade 1 — uncontracted, letter-for-letter. Translated on this server by our own braille engine (BRF — Braille Ready Format, Library of Congress fdd000551). View Grade 2 instead.

Download .brf — Grade 2 Download .brf — Grade 1 Plain-text reader .txt

237,555 braille cells · 251 embossed pages at 40×25 · 516 unrepresentable characters omitted

⠑⠟⠥⠁⠇⠇⠽⠀⠛⠕⠕⠙⠀⠉⠕⠇⠕⠗⠂⠀⠁⠝⠙⠀⠍⠕⠗⠑⠀⠗⠕⠥⠝⠙⠀⠁⠝⠙⠀
⠛⠗⠁⠝⠥⠇⠁⠗⠲⠀⠠⠊⠀⠅⠝⠕⠺⠀⠞⠓⠁⠞⠀⠊⠝⠀⠞⠓⠊⠎⠀⠞⠓⠑⠀
⠁⠙⠧⠕⠉⠁⠞⠑⠎⠀⠕⠋⠀⠎⠍⠕⠕⠞⠓⠀⠗⠕⠇⠇⠎⠀⠺⠊⠇⠇⠀⠙⠊⠋⠋⠑⠗⠀
⠋⠗⠕⠍⠀⠍⠽⠀⠉⠕⠝⠉⠇⠥⠎⠊⠕⠝⠎⠂⠀⠃⠥⠞⠀⠠⠊⠀⠃⠑⠇⠊⠑⠧⠑⠀⠞⠓⠁⠞
⠀⠞⠓⠑⠀⠋⠊⠝⠁⠇⠀⠕⠥⠞⠉⠕⠍⠑⠀⠺⠊⠇⠇⠀⠃⠑⠀⠞⠓⠑⠀⠥⠎⠑⠀⠕⠋⠀
⠍⠊⠇⠇⠎⠞⠕⠝⠑⠎⠀⠕⠝⠀⠞⠓⠑⠀⠋⠊⠝⠑⠗⠀⠍⠊⠙⠙⠇⠊⠝⠛⠎⠂⠀⠁⠝⠙⠀
⠊⠝⠀⠋⠁⠉⠞⠀⠕⠝⠀⠁⠇⠇⠀⠞⠓⠑⠀⠍⠊⠙⠙⠇⠊⠝⠛⠎⠀⠞⠓⠁⠞⠀⠁⠗⠑⠀
⠞⠓⠕⠗⠕⠥⠛⠓⠇⠽⠀⠋⠗⠑⠑⠙⠀⠋⠗⠕⠍⠀⠞⠓⠑⠀⠛⠑⠗⠍⠲⠀⠀⠠⠊⠞⠀⠓⠁⠎
⠀⠃⠑⠑⠝⠀⠎⠁⠊⠙⠀⠞⠓⠁⠞⠀⠞⠓⠁⠞⠀⠺⠓⠊⠉⠓⠀⠁⠀⠍⠁⠝⠀⠛⠊⠧⠑⠎⠀
⠞⠓⠑⠀⠍⠕⠎⠞⠀⠋⠗⠑⠑⠇⠽⠀⠁⠝⠙⠀⠗⠑⠉⠑⠊⠧⠑⠎⠀⠺⠊⠞⠓⠀⠞⠓⠑⠀
⠺⠕⠗⠎⠞⠀⠛⠗⠁⠉⠑⠀⠊⠎⠀⠁⠙⠧⠊⠉⠑⠲⠀⠠⠊⠀⠺⠊⠇⠇⠂⠀⠓⠕⠺⠑⠧⠑⠗⠂
⠀⠉⠇⠕⠎⠑⠀⠺⠊⠞⠓⠀⠁⠀⠇⠊⠞⠞⠇⠑⠀⠕⠋⠀⠞⠓⠑⠀⠁⠗⠞⠊⠉⠇⠑⠀
⠺⠓⠊⠉⠓⠀⠍⠁⠽⠀⠝⠕⠞⠀⠃⠑⠀⠺⠓⠕⠇⠇⠽⠀⠏⠥⠞⠀⠕⠋⠀⠏⠇⠁⠉⠑⠲⠀
⠠⠊⠋⠀⠽⠕⠥⠀⠓⠁⠧⠑⠀⠁⠀⠍⠊⠇⠇⠀⠙⠕⠀⠝⠕⠞⠀⠊⠍⠁⠛⠊⠝⠑⠀⠞⠓⠁⠞⠀
⠞⠓⠑⠀⠁⠙⠙⠊⠞⠊⠕⠝⠀⠕⠋⠀⠁⠀⠋⠑⠺⠀⠏⠁⠊⠗⠎⠀⠕⠋⠀⠗⠕⠇⠇⠎⠂⠀⠁⠀
⠏⠥⠗⠊⠋⠊⠑⠗⠀⠕⠗⠀⠞⠺⠕⠂⠀⠁⠝⠙⠀⠁⠀⠇⠊⠞⠞⠇⠑⠀
⠕⠧⠑⠗⠓⠁⠥⠇⠊⠝⠛⠀⠕⠋⠀⠃⠕⠇⠞⠊⠝⠛⠤⠉⠓⠑⠎⠞⠎⠂⠀⠊⠎⠀⠛⠕⠊⠝⠛⠀
⠞⠕⠀⠍⠁⠅⠑⠀⠊⠞⠀⠁⠀⠋⠥⠇⠇⠤⠋⠇⠑⠙⠛⠑⠙⠀⠠⠓⠥⠝⠛⠁⠗⠊⠁⠝⠀
⠗⠕⠇⠇⠑⠗⠀⠍⠊⠇⠇⠲⠀⠠⠊⠋⠀⠽⠕⠥⠀⠁⠗⠑⠀⠛⠕⠊⠝⠛⠀⠞⠕⠀⠉⠓⠁⠝⠛⠑
⠀⠁⠝⠀⠕⠇⠙⠀⠍⠊⠇⠇⠀⠕⠗⠀⠃⠥⠊⠇⠙⠀⠁⠀⠝⠑⠺⠀⠕⠝⠑⠂⠀⠙⠕⠀⠝⠕⠞⠀
⠞⠁⠅⠑⠀⠞⠓⠑⠀⠉⠕⠥⠝⠎⠑⠇⠀⠕⠗⠀⠋⠕⠇⠇⠕⠺⠀⠞⠓⠑⠀⠏⠇⠁⠝⠎⠀⠕⠋⠀
⠑⠧⠑⠗⠽⠀⠊⠞⠊⠝⠑⠗⠁⠝⠞⠀⠍⠊⠇⠇⠑⠗⠀⠕⠗⠀⠍⠊⠇⠇⠺⠗⠊⠛⠓⠞⠀⠺⠓⠕
⠀⠉⠇⠁⠊⠍⠎⠀⠞⠕⠀⠅⠝⠕⠺⠀⠁⠇⠇⠀⠁⠃⠕⠥⠞⠀⠛⠗⠁⠙⠥⠁⠇⠀
⠗⠑⠙⠥⠉⠞⠊⠕⠝⠲⠀⠠⠝⠕⠀⠍⠁⠞⠞⠑⠗⠀⠺⠓⠁⠞⠀⠅⠊⠝⠙⠀⠕⠋⠀⠁⠀
⠍⠊⠇⠇⠀⠽⠕⠥⠀⠺⠁⠝⠞⠀⠞⠕⠀⠃⠥⠊⠇⠙⠂⠀⠛⠕⠀⠞⠕⠀⠎⠕⠍⠑⠀

These are the same pages the .brf download embosses — form-feed breaks and all. BRF opens in braille software (Duxbury, BrailleBlaster), on embossers, and on refreshable displays.