Skip to contentSkip to Braille Studio

Library / Biology / Scientific American Supplement, No. 275, April 9, 1881 / Braille

Scientific American Supplement, No. 275, April 9, 1881 ⠃⠗⠋ braille edition

Grade 2 — contracted English braille (EBAE-compatible subset). Translated on this server by our own braille engine (BRF — Braille Ready Format, Library of Congress fdd000551). View Grade 1 instead.

Download .brf — Grade 2 Download .brf — Grade 1 Plain-text reader .txt

233,043 braille cells · 245 embossed pages at 40×25 · 792 unrepresentable characters omitted

⠠⠏⠥⠛⠑⠞⠄⠎⠀⠠⠎⠳⠝⠙⠂⠀⠠⠋⠗⠁⠵⠻⠄⠎⠀⠠⠗⠊⠧⠻⠂⠀⠯⠀⠮⠀
⠎⠍⠁⠇⠇⠻⠀⠌⠗⠑⠁⠍⠎⠂⠀⠮⠗⠑⠀⠁⠏⠏⠑⠜⠎⠀⠞⠕⠀⠃⠑⠀⠇⠊⠞⠞⠇⠑⠀
⠕⠗⠀⠝⠕⠀⠑⠧⠊⠙⠢⠉⠑⠀⠷⠀⠹⠊⠎⠲⠀⠠⠔⠀⠮⠀⠠⠉⠕⠇⠥⠍⠃⠊⠁⠀
⠠⠗⠊⠧⠻⠀⠮⠀⠑⠧⠊⠙⠢⠉⠑⠀⠁⠏⠏⠑⠜⠎⠀⠎⠕⠍⠑⠱⠁⠞⠀
⠉⠕⠝⠋⠇⠊⠉⠞⠬⠆⠀⠮⠀⠉⠁⠞⠡⠀⠙⠥⠗⠬⠀⠮⠀⠏⠗⠑⠎⠢⠞⠀⠽⠑⠜⠀
⠶⠼⠁⠓⠓⠚⠶⠀⠓⠁⠎⠀⠃⠑⠢⠀⠉⠕⠝⠎⠊⠙⠻⠁⠃⠇⠽⠀⠛⠗⠑⠁⠞⠻⠀⠹⠁⠝⠀
⠑⠧⠻⠀⠃⠑⠿⠑⠀⠶⠝⠑⠜⠇⠽⠀⠼⠑⠙⠚⠂⠚⠚⠚⠀⠉⠁⠎⠑⠎⠀⠷⠀⠼⠙⠓⠀⠇⠃⠲
⠀⠑⠁⠡⠀⠓⠁⠧⠬⠀⠃⠑⠢⠀⠏⠁⠉⠅⠫⠶⠂⠀⠁⠇⠹⠳⠛⠓⠀⠮⠀⠋⠊⠩⠬⠀⠿⠀
⠹⠗⠑⠑⠀⠕⠗⠀⠋⠳⠗⠀⠽⠑⠜⠎⠀⠓⠁⠎⠀⠃⠑⠢⠀⠧⠀⠑⠭⠞⠢⠎⠊⠧⠑⠲⠀⠠⠕⠝
⠀⠮⠀⠕⠮⠗⠀⠓⠯⠂⠀⠮⠀⠓⠊⠛⠓⠀⠺⠁⠞⠻⠀⠷⠀⠮⠀⠏⠗⠑⠎⠢⠞⠀⠎⠏⠗⠬⠀
⠓⠁⠎⠀⠥⠝⠙⠳⠃⠞⠫⠇⠽⠀⠉⠁⠥⠎⠫⠀⠸⠍⠀⠋⠊⠩⠀⠞⠕⠀⠃⠑⠉⠕⠍⠑⠀
⠎⠏⠗⠬⠀⠎⠁⠇⠍⠕⠝⠀⠱⠊⠡⠀⠺⠳⠇⠙⠀⠕⠮⠗⠺⠊⠎⠑⠀⠓⠀⠗⠥⠝⠀⠔⠀⠮⠀
⠋⠁⠇⠇⠲⠀⠠⠍⠕⠗⠑⠕⠧⠻⠂⠀⠭⠀⠊⠎⠀⠥⠗⠛⠫⠀⠞⠀⠁⠀⠋⠑⠺⠀⠽⠑⠜⠎⠀
⠁⠛⠕⠂⠀⠱⠢⠀⠮⠀⠝⠥⠍⠃⠻⠀⠉⠁⠥⠛⠓⠞⠀⠴⠀⠁⠃⠳⠞⠀⠓⠁⠇⠋⠀⠵⠀
⠛⠗⠑⠁⠞⠀⠵⠀⠝⠪⠂⠀⠮⠀⠁⠍⠳⠝⠞⠀⠷⠀⠝⠑⠞⠞⠬⠀⠥⠎⠫⠀⠴⠀⠏⠻⠓⠁⠏⠎
⠀⠐⠕⠤⠑⠊⠛⠓⠹⠀⠵⠀⠍⠥⠡⠲⠀⠠⠾⠀⠁⠀⠉⠕⠍⠏⠜⠁⠞⠊⠧⠑⠇⠽⠀⠎⠍⠁⠇⠇
⠀⠕⠥⠞⠋⠊⠞⠀⠮⠀⠉⠁⠝⠝⠻⠎⠀⠉⠁⠥⠛⠓⠞⠀⠓⠁⠇⠋⠀⠮⠀⠋⠊⠩⠂⠀⠝⠪⠀⠾
⠀⠝⠑⠞⠎⠀⠍⠥⠡⠀⠇⠜⠛⠻⠀⠯⠀⠍⠀⠝⠥⠍⠻⠳⠎⠂⠀⠮⠽⠀⠉⠁⠞⠡⠀⠮⠍⠀
⠁⠇⠇⠂⠀⠎⠉⠜⠉⠑⠇⠽⠀⠁⠝⠽⠀⠑⠎⠉⠁⠏⠬⠀⠙⠥⠗⠬⠀⠮⠀⠋⠊⠩⠬⠀
⠎⠑⠁⠎⠕⠝⠀⠶⠠⠁⠏⠗⠊⠇⠀⠼⠁⠀⠞⠕⠀⠠⠁⠥⠛⠥⠌⠀⠼⠁⠶⠲⠀⠠⠱⠑⠮⠗⠀
⠁⠝⠀⠁⠉⠞⠥⠁⠇⠀⠗⠫⠥⠉⠞⠊⠕⠝⠀⠔⠀⠮⠀⠝⠥⠍⠃⠻⠀⠷⠀⠋⠊⠩⠀⠗⠥⠝⠝⠬
⠀⠉⠀⠃⠑⠀⠏⠗⠕⠧⠢⠀⠕⠗⠀⠝⠂⠀⠮⠗⠑⠀⠉⠀⠃⠑⠀⠝⠕⠀⠐⠟⠀⠞⠀⠮⠀
⠏⠗⠑⠎⠢⠞⠀⠗⠁⠞⠑⠀⠷⠀⠙⠑⠌⠗⠥⠉⠞⠊⠕⠝⠀⠷⠀⠮⠀⠎⠁⠇⠍⠕⠝⠀⠺⠀
⠙⠑⠏⠇⠑⠞⠑⠀⠮⠀⠗⠊⠧⠻⠀⠃⠑⠿⠑⠀⠸⠍⠀⠽⠑⠜⠎⠲⠀⠠⠁⠀
⠉⠕⠝⠎⠊⠙⠻⠁⠃⠇⠑⠀⠝⠥⠍⠃⠻⠀⠷⠀⠟⠥⠔⠝⠁⠞⠀⠎⠁⠇⠍⠕⠝⠀⠗⠥⠝⠀⠔⠀

These are the same pages the .brf download embosses — form-feed breaks and all. BRF opens in braille software (Duxbury, BrailleBlaster), on embossers, and on refreshable displays.