Skip to contentSkip to Braille Studio

Library / Biology / Scientific American Supplement, No. 275, April 9, 1881 / Braille

Scientific American Supplement, No. 275, April 9, 1881 ⠃⠗⠋ braille edition

Grade 2 — contracted English braille (EBAE-compatible subset). Translated on this server by our own braille engine (BRF — Braille Ready Format, Library of Congress fdd000551). View Grade 1 instead.

Download .brf — Grade 2 Download .brf — Grade 1 Plain-text reader .txt

233,043 braille cells · 245 embossed pages at 40×25 · 792 unrepresentable characters omitted

⠷⠀⠠⠅⠁⠍⠞⠎⠡⠁⠞⠅⠁⠀⠵⠀⠺⠑⠇⠇⠀⠵⠀⠔⠀⠘⠹⠀⠷⠀⠠⠁⠇⠁⠎⠅⠁⠀⠯⠀
⠠⠕⠗⠑⠛⠕⠝⠲⠀⠀⠠⠵⠀⠧⠻⠝⠁⠉⠥⠇⠜⠀⠝⠁⠍⠑⠎⠀⠷⠀⠙⠑⠋⠔⠊⠞⠑⠀
⠁⠏⠏⠇⠊⠉⠁⠞⠊⠕⠝⠂⠀⠮⠀⠋⠕⠇⠇⠪⠬⠀⠁⠗⠑⠀⠕⠝⠀⠗⠑⠉⠕⠗⠙⠒⠀⠀⠁⠲
⠀⠠⠟⠥⠔⠝⠁⠞⠤⠤⠠⠡⠳⠊⠡⠁⠂⠀⠅⠬⠀⠎⠁⠇⠍⠕⠝⠂⠀⠑⠄⠟⠥⠔⠝⠁⠂⠀
⠎⠁⠺⠤⠅⠺⠑⠽⠂⠀⠠⠡⠔⠝⠕⠕⠅⠀⠎⠁⠇⠍⠕⠝⠂⠀⠠⠉⠕⠇⠥⠍⠃⠊⠁⠀
⠠⠗⠊⠧⠻⠀⠎⠁⠇⠍⠕⠝⠂⠀⠠⠎⠁⠉⠗⠁⠍⠢⠞⠕⠀⠎⠁⠇⠍⠕⠝⠂⠀⠞⠽⠑⠑⠀
⠎⠁⠇⠍⠕⠝⠂⠀⠠⠍⠕⠝⠞⠻⠑⠽⠀⠎⠁⠇⠍⠕⠝⠂⠀⠙⠑⠑⠏⠤⠺⠁⠞⠻⠀
⠎⠁⠇⠍⠕⠝⠂⠀⠎⠏⠗⠬⠀⠎⠁⠇⠍⠕⠝⠂⠀⠑⠅⠤⠥⠇⠤⠃⠁⠀⠶⠑⠅⠑⠺⠁⠝⠶⠀
⠶⠋⠁⠇⠇⠀⠗⠥⠝⠶⠲⠀⠀⠃⠲⠀⠠⠃⠇⠥⠑⠤⠃⠕⠉⠅⠤⠤⠅⠗⠁⠎⠝⠁⠽⠁⠀
⠗⠽⠃⠁⠂⠀⠠⠁⠇⠁⠎⠅⠁⠀⠗⠫⠤⠋⠊⠩⠂⠀⠠⠊⠙⠁⠓⠕⠀⠗⠫⠀⠋⠊⠩⠂⠀
⠎⠥⠅⠅⠑⠛⠓⠂⠀⠠⠋⠗⠁⠵⠻⠄⠎⠀⠠⠗⠊⠧⠻⠀⠎⠁⠇⠍⠕⠝⠂⠀⠗⠁⠎⠉⠁⠇⠂⠀
⠕⠕⠤⠡⠕⠕⠽⠤⠓⠁⠲⠀⠀⠉⠲⠀⠠⠎⠊⠇⠧⠻⠀⠎⠁⠇⠍⠕⠝⠤⠤⠅⠊⠎⠥⠞⠡⠂⠀
⠺⠔⠞⠻⠀⠎⠁⠇⠍⠕⠝⠂⠀⠓⠕⠕⠏⠊⠙⠂⠀⠎⠅⠪⠊⠞⠵⠂⠀⠉⠕⠓⠕⠂⠀
⠃⠊⠑⠇⠁⠽⠁⠀⠗⠽⠃⠁⠂⠀⠕⠤⠕⠤⠺⠥⠝⠲⠀⠀⠙⠲⠀⠠⠙⠕⠛⠀
⠎⠁⠇⠍⠕⠝⠤⠤⠅⠁⠽⠅⠕⠂⠀⠇⠑⠅⠁⠊⠂⠀⠅⠞⠇⠁⠱⠽⠂⠀⠟⠥⠁⠇⠕⠡⠂⠀
⠋⠁⠇⠇⠀⠎⠁⠇⠍⠕⠝⠂⠀⠕⠤⠇⠑⠤⠁⠤⠗⠁⠓⠲⠀⠠⠮⠀⠍⠁⠇⠑⠎⠀⠷⠀⠁⠇⠇⠀
⠮⠀⠎⠏⠑⠉⠊⠑⠎⠀⠔⠀⠮⠀⠋⠁⠇⠇⠀⠁⠗⠑⠀⠥⠎⠥⠁⠇⠇⠽⠀⠅⠝⠪⠝⠀⠵⠀
⠙⠕⠛⠀⠎⠁⠇⠍⠕⠝⠂⠀⠕⠗⠀⠋⠁⠇⠇⠀⠎⠁⠇⠍⠕⠝⠲⠀⠀⠑⠲⠀
⠠⠓⠥⠍⠏⠤⠃⠁⠉⠅⠤⠤⠛⠕⠗⠃⠥⠎⠡⠁⠂⠀⠓⠁⠙⠙⠕⠂⠀⠓⠕⠝⠑⠂⠀
⠓⠕⠇⠊⠁⠂⠀⠇⠕⠌⠀⠎⠁⠇⠍⠕⠝⠂⠀⠠⠏⠥⠛⠑⠞⠀⠠⠎⠳⠝⠙⠀⠎⠁⠇⠍⠕⠝⠂⠀
⠙⠕⠛⠀⠎⠁⠇⠍⠕⠝⠀⠶⠷⠀⠠⠁⠇⠁⠎⠅⠁⠶⠲⠀⠀⠠⠷⠀⠘⠮⠀⠎⠏⠑⠉⠊⠑⠎⠂⠀
⠮⠀⠃⠇⠥⠑⠤⠃⠁⠉⠅⠀⠏⠗⠫⠕⠍⠔⠁⠞⠑⠎⠀⠔⠀⠠⠋⠗⠁⠵⠻⠄⠎⠀⠠⠗⠊⠧⠻⠂
⠀⠮⠀⠎⠊⠇⠧⠻⠀⠎⠁⠇⠍⠕⠝⠀⠔⠀⠠⠏⠥⠛⠑⠞⠀⠠⠎⠳⠝⠙⠂⠀⠮⠀⠟⠥⠔⠝⠁⠞
⠀⠔⠀⠮⠀⠠⠉⠕⠇⠥⠍⠃⠊⠁⠀⠯⠀⠮⠀⠠⠎⠁⠉⠗⠁⠍⠢⠞⠕⠂⠀⠯⠀⠮⠀⠎⠊⠇⠧⠻
⠀⠎⠁⠇⠍⠕⠝⠀⠔⠀⠍⠕⠌⠀⠷⠀⠮⠀⠎⠍⠁⠇⠇⠀⠌⠗⠑⠁⠍⠎⠀⠁⠇⠕⠝⠛⠀⠮⠀

These are the same pages the .brf download embosses — form-feed breaks and all. BRF opens in braille software (Duxbury, BrailleBlaster), on embossers, and on refreshable displays.