Skip to contentSkip to Braille Studio

Library / Mathematics / Niels Henrik Abel / Braille

Niels Henrik Abel ⠃⠗⠋ braille edition

Grade 2 — contracted English braille (EBAE-compatible subset). Translated on this server by our own braille engine (BRF — Braille Ready Format, Library of Congress fdd000551). View Grade 1 instead.

Download .brf — Grade 2 Download .brf — Grade 1 Plain-text reader .txt

103,608 braille cells · 110 embossed pages at 40×25 · 186 unrepresentable characters omitted

⠠⠓⠁⠝⠌⠑⠢⠂⠀⠟⠥⠊⠀⠑⠞⠁⠊⠞⠀⠁⠇⠕⠗⠎⠀⠁⠀⠠⠉⠕⠏⠢⠓⠁⠛⠥⠑⠒⠀⠀
⠠⠉⠕⠍⠍⠑⠀⠉⠄⠑⠌⠀⠑⠞⠗⠁⠝⠛⠑⠂⠀⠚⠑⠀⠝⠑⠀⠏⠑⠥⠭⠀⠏⠁⠎⠀⠍⠑⠀
⠍⠑⠞⠞⠗⠑⠀⠙⠁⠝⠎⠀⠇⠁⠀⠞⠑⠞⠑⠀⠟⠥⠑⠀⠧⠳⠎⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠑⠞⠑⠎⠀
⠏⠜⠞⠊⠑⠂⠀⠑⠞⠀⠚⠑⠀⠎⠥⠊⠎⠀⠎⠳⠧⠢⠞⠀⠎⠥⠗⠀⠇⠑⠀⠏⠕⠔⠞⠀
⠙⠄⠁⠇⠇⠻⠀⠡⠑⠵⠀⠧⠳⠎⠲⠀⠠⠍⠑⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠧⠕⠊⠉⠊⠀⠙⠕⠝⠉⠀
⠏⠗⠑⠎⠟⠥⠑⠀⠁⠃⠎⠕⠇⠥⠍⠢⠞⠀⠎⠑⠥⠇⠲⠀⠠⠚⠑⠀⠧⠳⠎⠀⠁⠎⠎⠥⠗⠑⠀
⠟⠥⠑⠀⠚⠑⠀⠝⠑⠀⠋⠗⠑⠟⠥⠢⠞⠑⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠇⠊⠞⠞⠻⠁⠇⠑⠍⠢⠞⠀⠏⠁⠎⠀
⠥⠝⠑⠀⠎⠑⠥⠇⠑⠀⠏⠻⠎⠕⠝⠝⠑⠲⠀⠠⠉⠑⠏⠢⠙⠁⠝⠞⠀⠉⠑⠇⠁⠀⠝⠑⠀⠍⠑⠀
⠍⠁⠝⠟⠥⠻⠁⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠏⠁⠎⠀⠞⠳⠞⠀⠙⠄⠁⠃⠕⠗⠙⠂⠀⠉⠜⠀⠚⠄⠁⠊⠀
⠓⠕⠗⠗⠊⠃⠇⠑⠍⠢⠞⠀⠁⠀⠞⠗⠁⠧⠁⠊⠇⠇⠻⠀⠏⠳⠗⠀⠇⠑⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀
⠠⠚⠳⠗⠝⠁⠇⠲⠀⠠⠚⠄⠁⠥⠗⠁⠊⠀⠙⠕⠗⠢⠁⠧⠁⠝⠞⠀⠼⠁⠀⠙⠥⠉⠁⠞⠀⠏⠜⠀
⠋⠑⠥⠊⠇⠇⠑⠀⠙⠄⠊⠍⠏⠗⠑⠎⠎⠊⠕⠝⠂⠀⠠⠉⠗⠑⠇⠇⠑⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠍⠑⠀⠇⠄⠁
⠀⠷⠋⠻⠞⠀⠙⠑⠀⠇⠥⠊⠤⠍⠑⠍⠑⠲⠀⠠⠍⠁⠊⠎⠀⠊⠇⠀⠝⠄⠑⠝⠀⠎⠕⠗⠞⠊⠗⠁
⠀⠝⠁⠞⠥⠗⠑⠇⠇⠑⠍⠢⠞⠀⠏⠁⠎⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠛⠗⠯⠄⠡⠕⠎⠑⠂⠀⠑⠞⠀⠍⠁⠀
⠎⠊⠞⠥⠁⠞⠊⠕⠝⠀⠛⠢⠑⠑⠀⠍⠄⠁⠀⠋⠁⠊⠞⠀⠁⠉⠉⠑⠏⠞⠻⠲⠀⠠⠚⠑⠀
⠧⠊⠢⠎⠀⠙⠑⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠗⠑⠉⠑⠧⠕⠊⠗⠀⠓⠊⠻⠀⠥⠝⠑⠀⠇⠑⠞⠞⠗⠑⠀⠙⠑⠀
⠠⠉⠗⠑⠇⠇⠑⠀⠕⠥⠀⠊⠇⠀⠙⠊⠞⠀⠟⠥⠄⠊⠇⠀⠽⠀⠁⠀⠞⠳⠚⠳⠗⠎⠀
⠑⠎⠏⠕⠊⠗⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠟⠥⠑⠀⠚⠑⠀⠏⠥⠊⠎⠎⠑⠀⠧⠢⠊⠗⠀⠁⠀⠠⠃⠻⠇⠔⠂⠀
⠑⠞⠀⠟⠥⠑⠀⠃⠊⠢⠞⠕⠞⠀⠕⠝⠀⠏⠳⠗⠗⠁⠀⠑⠞⠗⠑⠀⠋⠊⠭⠑⠀⠎⠊⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀
⠉⠑⠇⠁⠀⠁⠃⠳⠞⠊⠞⠀⠕⠥⠀⠝⠕⠝⠲⠀⠀⠠⠊⠇⠀⠇⠥⠊⠀⠑⠉⠗⠊⠞⠀
⠑⠝⠉⠕⠗⠑⠀⠑⠝⠀⠝⠕⠧⠑⠍⠃⠗⠑⠀⠼⠁⠓⠃⠓⠒⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠠⠚⠑⠀⠝⠄⠁⠊⠀
⠏⠑⠥⠞⠤⠑⠞⠗⠑⠀⠏⠁⠎⠀⠑⠞⠑⠀⠞⠳⠞⠀⠁⠀⠋⠁⠊⠞⠀⠑⠝⠧⠻⠎⠀⠑⠇⠇⠑⠀
⠶⠑⠧⠊⠙⠑⠍⠍⠢⠞⠀⠎⠁⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠋⠊⠁⠝⠉⠑⠑⠶⠀⠉⠕⠍⠍⠑⠀
⠚⠄⠁⠥⠗⠁⠊⠎⠀⠙⠥⠂⠀⠍⠁⠊⠎⠀⠍⠁⠔⠞⠢⠁⠝⠞⠀⠝⠳⠎⠀⠎⠕⠍⠍⠑⠎⠀
⠙⠄⠁⠉⠉⠕⠗⠙⠀⠑⠞⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠝⠳⠎⠀⠝⠳⠎⠀⠑⠝⠞⠢⠙⠕⠝⠎⠀⠃⠊⠢⠀

These are the same pages the .brf download embosses — form-feed breaks and all. BRF opens in braille software (Duxbury, BrailleBlaster), on embossers, and on refreshable displays.