Skip to contentSkip to Braille Studio

Library / Mathematics / Niels Henrik Abel / Braille

Niels Henrik Abel ⠃⠗⠋ braille edition

Grade 2 — contracted English braille (EBAE-compatible subset). Translated on this server by our own braille engine (BRF — Braille Ready Format, Library of Congress fdd000551). View Grade 1 instead.

Download .brf — Grade 2 Download .brf — Grade 1 Plain-text reader .txt

103,608 braille cells · 110 embossed pages at 40×25 · 186 unrepresentable characters omitted

⠇⠄⠁⠝⠁⠇⠽⠎⠑⠲⠀⠠⠑⠇⠇⠑⠀⠍⠁⠝⠟⠥⠑⠀⠁⠀⠞⠑⠇⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠏⠕⠔⠞⠀
⠙⠑⠀⠏⠇⠁⠝⠀⠙⠄⠑⠝⠎⠑⠍⠃⠇⠑⠂⠀⠟⠥⠄⠊⠇⠀⠑⠌⠀⠧⠗⠁⠊⠍⠢⠞⠀⠞⠳⠞
⠀⠁⠀⠋⠁⠊⠞⠀⠍⠻⠧⠑⠊⠇⠇⠑⠥⠭⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠟⠥⠄⠑⠇⠇⠑⠀⠏⠥⠊⠎⠎⠑⠀
⠑⠞⠗⠑⠀⠑⠞⠥⠙⠊⠑⠑⠀⠏⠜⠀⠞⠁⠝⠞⠀⠙⠑⠀⠛⠢⠎⠂⠀⠑⠞⠀⠇⠑⠀⠏⠊⠎⠀
⠑⠌⠀⠟⠥⠄⠑⠇⠇⠑⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠝⠄⠑⠌⠀⠏⠁⠎⠀⠙⠥⠀⠞⠳⠞⠀⠞⠗⠁⠊⠞⠑⠑⠀
⠁⠧⠑⠉⠀⠗⠊⠛⠥⠑⠥⠗⠲⠀⠠⠊⠇⠀⠝⠄⠽⠀⠁⠀⠟⠥⠑⠀⠞⠗⠑⠎⠀⠏⠑⠥⠀⠙⠑⠀
⠏⠗⠕⠏⠕⠎⠊⠞⠊⠕⠝⠎⠂⠀⠙⠁⠝⠎⠀⠇⠄⠁⠝⠁⠇⠽⠎⠑⠀⠎⠥⠏⠻⠊⠑⠥⠗⠑⠂⠀
⠟⠥⠊⠀⠎⠕⠊⠢⠞⠀⠙⠑⠍⠕⠝⠞⠗⠑⠑⠎⠀⠁⠧⠑⠉⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠥⠝⠑⠀
⠗⠊⠛⠥⠑⠥⠗⠀⠙⠑⠉⠊⠎⠊⠧⠑⠲⠀⠀⠠⠊⠇⠀⠝⠄⠽⠀⠁⠀⠗⠊⠢⠀⠇⠁⠂⠀⠝⠊⠀
⠁⠊⠇⠇⠑⠥⠗⠎⠂⠀⠟⠥⠊⠀⠍⠕⠝⠞⠗⠑⠀⠇⠑⠀⠙⠑⠎⠊⠗⠀⠙⠑⠀⠗⠑⠁⠇⠊⠎⠻
⠀⠟⠥⠑⠇⠟⠥⠑⠀⠡⠕⠎⠑⠀⠏⠜⠞⠊⠉⠥⠇⠊⠻⠑⠍⠢⠞⠀⠏⠳⠗⠀⠇⠁⠀
⠠⠝⠕⠗⠧⠑⠛⠑⠂⠀⠕⠥⠀⠇⠁⠀⠉⠕⠝⠎⠉⠊⠢⠉⠑⠀⠙⠄⠕⠃⠇⠊⠛⠁⠞⠊⠕⠝⠎⠀
⠎⠏⠑⠉⠊⠁⠇⠑⠎⠀⠁⠀⠉⠑⠞⠀⠑⠛⠜⠙⠲⠀⠠⠉⠑⠀⠝⠑⠀⠋⠥⠞⠀⠏⠁⠎⠂⠀⠍⠑
⠀⠎⠑⠍⠃⠇⠑⠤⠞⠤⠊⠇⠂⠀⠇⠑⠀⠎⠢⠞⠊⠍⠢⠞⠀⠙⠥⠀⠙⠑⠧⠕⠊⠗⠀⠟⠥⠊⠀
⠇⠑⠀⠗⠁⠍⠢⠁⠀⠁⠥⠀⠏⠁⠽⠎⠂⠀⠍⠁⠊⠎⠀⠥⠝⠑⠀⠞⠊⠍⠊⠙⠊⠞⠑⠂⠀⠥⠝⠑
⠀⠊⠝⠞⠊⠍⠑⠀⠎⠢⠎⠊⠃⠊⠇⠊⠞⠑⠀⠟⠥⠊⠀⠇⠄⠑⠍⠏⠑⠡⠁⠊⠞⠀⠙⠑⠀
⠧⠊⠧⠗⠑⠂⠀⠎⠔⠕⠝⠀⠁⠧⠑⠉⠀⠑⠋⠿⠞⠂⠀⠏⠜⠍⠊⠀⠇⠑⠎⠀⠀
⠑⠞⠗⠁⠝⠛⠻⠎⠀⠲⠀⠠⠝⠳⠎⠀⠧⠻⠗⠕⠝⠎⠀⠙⠄⠁⠊⠇⠇⠑⠥⠗⠎⠀⠁⠧⠑⠉⠀
⠟⠥⠑⠇⠇⠑⠀⠁⠗⠙⠑⠥⠗⠂⠀⠏⠇⠥⠎⠀⠞⠜⠙⠂⠀⠊⠇⠀⠎⠁⠊⠎⠊⠞⠀⠥⠝⠑⠀
⠡⠁⠝⠉⠑⠀⠟⠥⠊⠀⠎⠄⠷⠋⠗⠊⠞⠀⠙⠑⠀⠝⠳⠧⠑⠁⠥⠀⠁⠀⠇⠄⠑⠞⠗⠁⠝⠛⠻⠲
⠀⠠⠇⠄⠑⠎⠎⠢⠞⠊⠑⠇⠀⠑⠞⠁⠊⠞⠀⠏⠳⠗⠀⠇⠥⠊⠀⠙⠑⠀⠏⠳⠧⠕⠊⠗⠀
⠁⠡⠑⠧⠻⠀⠎⠕⠝⠀⠛⠗⠯⠀⠞⠗⠁⠧⠁⠊⠇⠂⠀⠑⠞⠀⠙⠄⠁⠧⠕⠊⠗⠀
⠇⠄⠕⠉⠉⠁⠎⠊⠕⠝⠀⠙⠑⠀⠍⠑⠞⠞⠗⠑⠀⠑⠝⠀⠕⠑⠥⠧⠗⠑⠀⠇⠑⠎⠀⠊⠙⠑⠑⠎
⠀⠙⠕⠝⠞⠀⠎⠕⠝⠀⠑⠎⠏⠗⠊⠞⠀⠑⠞⠁⠊⠞⠀⠗⠑⠍⠏⠇⠊⠂⠀⠑⠞⠀⠟⠥⠄⠊⠇⠀
⠎⠁⠧⠁⠊⠞⠀⠙⠑⠧⠕⠊⠗⠀⠉⠕⠍⠏⠇⠑⠞⠑⠍⠢⠞⠀⠃⠳⠇⠑⠧⠻⠎⠻⠀⠇⠁⠀

These are the same pages the .brf download embosses — form-feed breaks and all. BRF opens in braille software (Duxbury, BrailleBlaster), on embossers, and on refreshable displays.