Skip to contentSkip to Braille Studio

Library / Ethics / History as past ethics; an introduction to the history of morals / Braille

History as past ethics; an introduction to the history of morals ⠃⠗⠋ braille edition

Grade 1 — uncontracted, letter-for-letter. Translated on this server by our own braille engine (BRF — Braille Ready Format, Library of Congress fdd000551). View Grade 2 instead.

Download .brf — Grade 2 Download .brf — Grade 1 Plain-text reader .txt

855,766 braille cells · 908 embossed pages at 40×25 · 4,343 unrepresentable characters omitted

⠝⠕⠞⠀⠀⠇⠕⠕⠅⠀⠋⠕⠗⠀⠋⠥⠝⠙⠁⠍⠑⠝⠞⠁⠇⠀⠉⠓⠁⠝⠛⠑⠎⠀⠊⠝⠀
⠑⠞⠓⠊⠉⠁⠇⠀⠊⠙⠑⠁⠎⠀⠁⠝⠙⠀⠉⠕⠝⠧⠊⠉⠞⠊⠕⠝⠎⠲⠀⠠⠓⠕⠺⠀⠀⠞⠓⠑
⠀⠓⠊⠎⠞⠕⠗⠽⠀⠕⠋⠀⠉⠕⠝⠎⠉⠊⠑⠝⠉⠑⠀⠊⠝⠀⠁⠝⠉⠊⠑⠝⠞⠀⠠⠑⠛⠽⠏⠞
⠀⠊⠇⠇⠥⠎⠞⠗⠁⠞⠑⠎⠀⠞⠓⠑⠎⠑⠀⠞⠗⠥⠞⠓⠎⠀⠺⠑⠀⠀⠎⠓⠁⠇⠇⠀⠎⠑⠑⠀
⠁⠀⠇⠊⠞⠞⠇⠑⠀⠋⠥⠗⠞⠓⠑⠗⠀⠕⠝⠲⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠠⠎⠊⠙⠑⠝⠕⠞⠑⠒⠀
⠠⠞⠓⠑⠀⠞⠑⠁⠉⠓⠊⠝⠛⠀⠞⠓⠁⠞⠀⠀⠊⠍⠍⠕⠗⠞⠁⠇⠊⠞⠽⠀⠊⠎⠀
⠉⠕⠝⠙⠊⠞⠊⠕⠝⠑⠙⠀⠕⠝⠀⠀⠗⠊⠛⠓⠞⠑⠕⠥⠎⠝⠑⠎⠎⠀⠀⠀⠀⠠⠺⠑⠀
⠓⠁⠧⠑⠀⠎⠑⠑⠝⠀⠓⠕⠺⠀⠏⠕⠞⠑⠝⠞⠀⠁⠝⠀⠊⠝⠋⠇⠥⠑⠝⠉⠑⠀⠞⠓⠑⠀
⠝⠕⠞⠊⠕⠝⠀⠕⠋⠀⠁⠀⠇⠊⠋⠑⠀⠃⠑⠽⠕⠝⠙⠀⠞⠓⠑⠀⠀⠞⠕⠍⠃⠀
⠑⠭⠑⠗⠉⠊⠎⠑⠙⠀⠥⠏⠕⠝⠀⠞⠓⠑⠀⠉⠕⠝⠙⠥⠉⠞⠀⠕⠋⠀⠞⠓⠑⠀
⠍⠑⠍⠃⠑⠗⠎⠀⠕⠋⠀⠞⠓⠑⠀⠏⠗⠊⠍⠊⠞⠊⠧⠑⠀⠅⠊⠝⠎⠓⠊⠏⠀⠀⠛⠗⠕⠥⠏⠂
⠀⠛⠊⠧⠊⠝⠛⠀⠃⠊⠗⠞⠓⠀⠞⠕⠀⠎⠕⠍⠑⠀⠕⠋⠀⠞⠓⠑⠀⠝⠕⠃⠇⠑⠎⠞⠀
⠧⠊⠗⠞⠥⠑⠎⠀⠕⠋⠀⠞⠓⠑⠊⠗⠀⠎⠊⠍⠏⠇⠑⠀⠉⠕⠙⠑⠀⠀⠕⠋⠀⠍⠕⠗⠁⠇⠎⠲
⠀⠠⠝⠕⠺⠀⠞⠓⠊⠎⠀⠊⠙⠑⠁⠀⠕⠋⠀⠉⠕⠝⠞⠊⠝⠥⠑⠙⠀⠑⠭⠊⠎⠞⠑⠝⠉⠑⠀
⠁⠋⠞⠑⠗⠀⠙⠑⠁⠞⠓⠀⠙⠕⠍⠊⠝⠁⠞⠑⠙⠀⠀⠞⠓⠑⠀⠇⠊⠋⠑⠀⠕⠋⠀⠝⠕⠀
⠕⠞⠓⠑⠗⠀⠉⠊⠧⠊⠇⠊⠵⠑⠙⠀⠏⠑⠕⠏⠇⠑⠀⠕⠋⠀⠁⠝⠞⠊⠟⠥⠊⠞⠽⠀⠎⠕⠀
⠉⠕⠍⠏⠇⠑⠞⠑⠇⠽⠀⠁⠎⠀⠊⠞⠀⠀⠙⠕⠍⠊⠝⠁⠞⠑⠙⠀⠞⠓⠑⠀⠇⠊⠋⠑⠀⠕⠋⠀
⠞⠓⠑⠀⠠⠑⠛⠽⠏⠞⠊⠁⠝⠎⠆⠀⠁⠝⠙⠀⠏⠗⠕⠃⠁⠃⠇⠽⠀⠊⠝⠀⠞⠓⠑⠀⠉⠁⠎⠑
⠀⠕⠋⠀⠝⠕⠀⠀⠕⠞⠓⠑⠗⠀⠏⠑⠕⠏⠇⠑⠀⠁⠝⠉⠊⠑⠝⠞⠀⠕⠗⠀⠍⠕⠙⠑⠗⠝⠀
⠓⠁⠎⠀⠞⠓⠑⠀⠃⠑⠇⠊⠑⠋⠀⠑⠭⠑⠗⠞⠑⠙⠀⠎⠕⠀⠏⠗⠕⠋⠕⠥⠝⠙⠀⠁⠝⠀⠀
⠊⠝⠋⠇⠥⠑⠝⠉⠑⠀⠥⠏⠕⠝⠀⠉⠕⠝⠙⠥⠉⠞⠲⠀⠠⠞⠓⠊⠎⠀⠺⠁⠎⠀⠎⠕⠀⠋⠕⠗
⠀⠞⠓⠑⠀⠗⠑⠁⠎⠕⠝⠀⠞⠓⠁⠞⠀⠞⠓⠑⠀⠉⠕⠝⠉⠑⠏⠞⠊⠕⠝⠀⠀⠺⠁⠎⠀
⠓⠑⠗⠑⠀⠑⠁⠗⠇⠽⠀⠍⠕⠗⠁⠇⠊⠵⠑⠙⠀⠁⠝⠙⠀⠗⠑⠏⠗⠑⠎⠑⠝⠞⠑⠙⠀⠞⠓⠑
⠀⠃⠇⠑⠎⠎⠑⠙⠀⠇⠊⠋⠑⠀⠊⠝⠀⠞⠓⠑⠀⠀⠓⠑⠗⠑⠁⠋⠞⠑⠗⠀⠁⠎⠀
⠙⠑⠏⠑⠝⠙⠑⠝⠞⠀⠥⠏⠕⠝⠀⠗⠊⠛⠓⠞⠙⠕⠊⠝⠛⠀⠊⠝⠀⠞⠓⠑⠀⠏⠗⠑⠎⠑⠝⠞

These are the same pages the .brf download embosses — form-feed breaks and all. BRF opens in braille software (Duxbury, BrailleBlaster), on embossers, and on refreshable displays.