Skip to contentSkip to Braille Studio

Library / Ethics / History as past ethics; an introduction to the history of morals / Braille

History as past ethics; an introduction to the history of morals ⠃⠗⠋ braille edition

Grade 1 — uncontracted, letter-for-letter. Translated on this server by our own braille engine (BRF — Braille Ready Format, Library of Congress fdd000551). View Grade 2 instead.

Download .brf — Grade 2 Download .brf — Grade 1 Plain-text reader .txt

855,766 braille cells · 908 embossed pages at 40×25 · 5,839 unrepresentable characters omitted

⠼⠉⠚⠊⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠠⠠⠭⠧⠊⠲⠀⠠⠠⠗⠑⠝⠁⠊⠎⠎⠁⠝⠉⠑⠀
⠠⠠⠑⠞⠓⠊⠉⠎⠒⠀⠠⠠⠗⠑⠧⠊⠧⠁⠇⠀⠠⠠⠕⠋⠀⠠⠠⠝⠁⠞⠥⠗⠁⠇⠊⠎⠍⠀
⠠⠠⠊⠝⠀⠠⠠⠍⠕⠗⠁⠇⠎⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠼⠉⠃⠚⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀
⠠⠊⠲⠀⠠⠠⠙⠑⠞⠑⠗⠍⠊⠝⠊⠝⠛⠀⠠⠠⠊⠝⠋⠇⠥⠑⠝⠉⠑⠎⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀
⠼⠉⠃⠚⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠠⠠⠊⠊⠲⠀⠠⠠⠎⠕⠍⠑⠀
⠠⠠⠑⠎⠎⠑⠝⠞⠊⠁⠇⠀⠠⠠⠋⠁⠉⠞⠎⠀⠠⠠⠊⠝⠀⠠⠠⠞⠓⠑⠀⠠⠠⠍⠕⠗⠁⠇⠀
⠠⠠⠓⠊⠎⠞⠕⠗⠽⠀⠠⠠⠕⠋⠀⠠⠠⠞⠓⠑⠀⠠⠠⠁⠛⠑⠀⠀⠼⠉⠃⠃⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀
⠠⠠⠭⠧⠊⠊⠲⠀⠠⠠⠑⠞⠓⠊⠉⠎⠀⠠⠠⠕⠋⠀⠠⠠⠞⠓⠑⠀⠠⠠⠏⠗⠕⠞⠑⠎⠞⠁⠝⠞
⠀⠠⠠⠗⠑⠋⠕⠗⠍⠁⠞⠊⠕⠝⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀
⠼⠉⠉⠉⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠠⠊⠲⠀⠠⠠⠏⠗⠊⠝⠉⠊⠏⠇⠑⠎⠀
⠠⠠⠕⠋⠀⠠⠠⠞⠓⠑⠀⠠⠠⠗⠑⠋⠕⠗⠍⠁⠞⠊⠕⠝⠀⠠⠠⠕⠋⠀⠠⠠⠑⠞⠓⠊⠉⠁⠇⠀
⠠⠠⠊⠍⠏⠕⠗⠞⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠼⠉⠉⠉⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠠⠠⠊⠊⠲⠀
⠠⠠⠎⠕⠍⠑⠀⠠⠠⠊⠍⠏⠕⠗⠞⠁⠝⠞⠀⠠⠠⠍⠕⠗⠁⠇⠀⠠⠠⠕⠥⠞⠉⠕⠍⠑⠎⠀
⠠⠠⠕⠋⠀⠠⠠⠞⠓⠑⠀⠠⠠⠎⠊⠭⠞⠑⠑⠝⠞⠓⠤⠠⠠⠉⠑⠝⠞⠥⠗⠽⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀
⠠⠠⠗⠑⠇⠊⠛⠊⠕⠥⠎⠀⠠⠠⠗⠑⠋⠕⠗⠍⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀
⠼⠉⠉⠙⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠠⠠⠭⠧⠊⠊⠊⠲⠀⠠⠠⠞⠓⠑⠀⠠⠠⠍⠕⠗⠁⠇⠀
⠠⠠⠑⠧⠕⠇⠥⠞⠊⠕⠝⠀⠠⠠⠎⠊⠝⠉⠑⠀⠠⠠⠞⠓⠑⠀⠠⠠⠊⠝⠉⠕⠍⠊⠝⠛⠀
⠠⠠⠕⠋⠀⠠⠠⠙⠑⠍⠕⠉⠗⠁⠉⠽⠒⠀⠠⠠⠞⠓⠑⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠠⠠⠝⠑⠺
⠀⠠⠠⠎⠕⠉⠊⠁⠇⠀⠠⠠⠁⠝⠙⠀⠠⠠⠊⠝⠞⠑⠗⠝⠁⠞⠊⠕⠝⠁⠇⠀
⠠⠠⠉⠕⠝⠎⠉⠊⠑⠝⠉⠑⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠼⠉⠙⠚⠀⠀⠀⠀
⠠⠊⠲⠀⠠⠠⠋⠕⠗⠉⠑⠎⠀⠠⠠⠙⠑⠞⠑⠗⠍⠊⠝⠊⠝⠛⠀⠠⠠⠞⠓⠑⠀⠠⠠⠞⠗⠑⠝⠙
⠀⠠⠠⠕⠋⠀⠠⠠⠞⠓⠑⠀⠠⠠⠑⠞⠓⠊⠉⠁⠇⠀⠠⠠⠍⠕⠧⠑⠍⠑⠝⠞⠀⠀⠼⠉⠙⠚⠀⠀
⠠⠠⠊⠊⠲⠀⠠⠠⠑⠭⠏⠗⠑⠎⠎⠊⠕⠝⠎⠀⠠⠠⠕⠋⠀⠠⠠⠞⠓⠑⠀⠠⠠⠝⠑⠺⠀
⠠⠠⠍⠕⠗⠁⠇⠀⠠⠠⠉⠕⠝⠎⠉⠊⠕⠥⠎⠝⠑⠎⠎⠀⠠⠠⠊⠝⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀
⠠⠠⠙⠊⠋⠋⠑⠗⠑⠝⠞⠀⠠⠠⠙⠕⠍⠁⠊⠝⠎⠀⠠⠠⠕⠋⠀⠠⠠⠇⠊⠋⠑⠀⠠⠠⠁⠝⠙⠀

These are the same pages the .brf download embosses — form-feed breaks and all. BRF opens in braille software (Duxbury, BrailleBlaster), on embossers, and on refreshable displays.