Library / Engineering & Technology / Paper & paper making, ancient and modern / Braille
Paper & paper making, ancient and modern ⠃⠗⠋ braille edition
Grade 1 — uncontracted, letter-for-letter. Translated on this server by our own braille engine (BRF — Braille Ready Format, Library of Congress fdd000551). View Grade 2 instead.
Download .brf — Grade 2 Download .brf — Grade 1 Plain-text reader .txt
179,211 braille cells · 190 embossed pages at 40×25 · 182 unrepresentable characters omitted
⠺⠕⠗⠇⠙⠆⠀⠃⠥⠞⠂⠀⠠⠊⠀⠍⠥⠎⠞⠀⠀⠉⠕⠝⠋⠑⠎⠎⠂⠀⠞⠓⠁⠞⠀⠠⠊⠀⠁⠍ ⠀⠝⠕⠞⠀⠊⠝⠀⠁⠀⠏⠕⠎⠊⠞⠊⠕⠝⠀⠞⠕⠀⠧⠕⠥⠉⠓⠀⠋⠕⠗⠀⠞⠓⠑⠀ ⠁⠉⠉⠥⠗⠁⠉⠽⠀⠕⠋⠀⠞⠓⠑⠀⠀⠎⠞⠁⠞⠑⠍⠑⠝⠞⠲⠀⠠⠁⠝⠀ ⠁⠝⠑⠉⠙⠕⠞⠑⠂⠀⠓⠕⠺⠑⠧⠑⠗⠂⠀⠊⠎⠀⠞⠕⠇⠙⠂⠀⠶⠞⠓⠑⠀⠞⠗⠥⠞⠓⠀ ⠕⠋⠀⠺⠓⠊⠉⠓⠀⠠⠊⠀⠓⠁⠧⠑⠀⠀⠝⠕⠀⠗⠑⠁⠎⠕⠝⠀⠞⠕⠀⠙⠕⠥⠃⠞⠂⠶⠀ ⠕⠋⠀⠞⠓⠑⠀⠏⠁⠞⠑⠝⠞⠑⠑⠀⠕⠋⠀⠞⠓⠊⠎⠀⠍⠁⠉⠓⠊⠝⠑⠂⠀⠁⠝⠙⠀⠁⠀ ⠗⠑⠇⠁⠞⠊⠧⠑⠀⠀⠕⠗⠀⠋⠗⠊⠑⠝⠙⠀⠕⠋⠀⠓⠊⠎⠂⠀⠕⠋⠀⠎⠕⠍⠑⠀ ⠉⠕⠝⠎⠊⠙⠑⠗⠁⠃⠇⠑⠀⠎⠞⠁⠝⠙⠊⠝⠛⠀⠁⠝⠙⠀⠊⠝⠋⠇⠥⠑⠝⠉⠑⠀⠊⠝⠀⠀ ⠞⠓⠑⠀⠏⠕⠞⠞⠑⠗⠽⠀⠙⠊⠎⠞⠗⠊⠉⠞⠂⠀⠺⠓⠕⠀⠺⠑⠗⠑⠀⠙⠊⠝⠊⠝⠛⠀ ⠞⠕⠛⠑⠞⠓⠑⠗⠀⠁⠃⠕⠥⠞⠀⠞⠓⠑⠀⠏⠑⠗⠊⠕⠙⠀⠀⠁⠞⠀⠺⠓⠊⠉⠓⠀⠞⠓⠊⠎ ⠀⠍⠁⠉⠓⠊⠝⠑⠀⠺⠁⠎⠀⠋⠊⠗⠎⠞⠀⠁⠙⠕⠏⠞⠑⠙⠆⠀⠺⠓⠑⠝⠀⠞⠓⠑⠀⠕⠝⠑ ⠀⠎⠏⠑⠁⠅⠊⠝⠛⠀⠕⠋⠀⠀⠞⠓⠑⠀⠁⠙⠧⠁⠝⠞⠁⠛⠑⠎⠀⠺⠓⠊⠉⠓⠀⠓⠑⠀ ⠉⠕⠝⠉⠑⠊⠧⠑⠙⠀⠞⠓⠑⠀⠝⠑⠺⠀⠍⠕⠙⠑⠀⠺⠕⠥⠇⠙⠀⠏⠗⠕⠧⠑⠀⠞⠕⠀ ⠓⠊⠎⠀⠀⠋⠗⠊⠑⠝⠙⠂⠀⠁⠇⠇⠥⠙⠑⠙⠀⠁⠃⠕⠧⠑⠀⠁⠇⠇⠀⠕⠞⠓⠑⠗⠎⠀⠞⠕ ⠀⠞⠓⠑⠀⠗⠑⠍⠁⠗⠅⠁⠃⠇⠑⠀⠉⠁⠏⠁⠃⠊⠇⠊⠞⠽⠀⠺⠓⠊⠉⠓⠀⠀⠊⠞⠀ ⠏⠕⠎⠎⠑⠎⠎⠑⠙⠀⠕⠋⠀⠏⠗⠕⠙⠥⠉⠊⠝⠛⠀⠏⠁⠏⠑⠗⠀⠕⠋⠀⠁⠝⠽⠀ ⠇⠑⠝⠛⠞⠓⠀⠞⠓⠁⠞⠀⠉⠕⠥⠇⠙⠀⠏⠕⠎⠎⠊⠃⠇⠽⠀⠀⠃⠑⠀⠗⠑⠟⠥⠊⠗⠑⠙⠲ ⠀⠦⠠⠺⠑⠇⠇⠂⠴⠀⠎⠁⠊⠙⠀⠓⠊⠎⠀⠋⠗⠊⠑⠝⠙⠂⠀⠦⠠⠊⠀⠧⠑⠗⠽⠀⠍⠥⠉⠓ ⠀⠙⠕⠥⠃⠞⠀⠞⠓⠁⠞⠂⠀⠃⠥⠞⠀⠀⠊⠋⠀⠽⠕⠥⠀⠉⠁⠝⠀⠍⠁⠅⠑⠀⠍⠑⠀ ⠋⠊⠧⠑⠀⠍⠊⠇⠑⠎⠀⠕⠋⠀⠞⠓⠑⠀⠟⠥⠁⠇⠊⠞⠽⠀⠠⠊⠀⠗⠑⠟⠥⠊⠗⠑⠂⠀⠠⠊ ⠀⠎⠓⠁⠇⠇⠀⠀⠉⠑⠗⠞⠁⠊⠝⠇⠽⠀⠓⠁⠧⠑⠀⠇⠊⠞⠞⠇⠑⠀⠓⠑⠎⠊⠞⠁⠞⠊⠕⠝ ⠀⠊⠝⠀⠁⠙⠍⠊⠞⠞⠊⠝⠛⠀⠁⠇⠇⠀⠞⠓⠑⠀⠏⠑⠗⠋⠑⠉⠞⠊⠕⠝⠀⠀⠁⠝⠙⠀ ⠎⠥⠊⠞⠁⠃⠊⠇⠊⠞⠽⠀⠺⠓⠊⠉⠓⠀⠽⠕⠥⠀⠓⠁⠧⠑⠀⠇⠁⠃⠕⠥⠗⠑⠙⠀⠞⠕⠀ ⠊⠍⠏⠗⠑⠎⠎⠀⠥⠏⠕⠝⠀⠍⠑⠲⠴⠀⠠⠞⠓⠑⠀⠀⠧⠑⠗⠽⠀⠝⠑⠭⠞⠀⠙⠁⠽⠀ ⠞⠓⠑⠀⠍⠁⠉⠓⠊⠝⠑⠀⠺⠁⠎⠀⠎⠑⠞⠀⠞⠕⠀⠺⠕⠗⠅⠂⠀⠁⠝⠙⠀⠞⠊⠍⠑⠙⠂⠀
These are the same pages the .brf download embosses — form-feed breaks and all. BRF opens in braille software (Duxbury, BrailleBlaster), on embossers, and on refreshable displays.