Library / Engineering & Technology / Paper & paper making, ancient and modern / Braille
Paper & paper making, ancient and modern ⠃⠗⠋ braille edition
Grade 1 — uncontracted, letter-for-letter. Translated on this server by our own braille engine (BRF — Braille Ready Format, Library of Congress fdd000551). View Grade 2 instead.
Download .brf — Grade 2 Download .brf — Grade 1 Plain-text reader .txt
179,211 braille cells · 190 embossed pages at 40×25 · 182 unrepresentable characters omitted
⠑⠝⠞⠊⠗⠑⠀⠉⠕⠏⠽⠀⠀⠎⠞⠗⠥⠉⠅⠀⠕⠋⠋⠀⠊⠝⠀⠞⠓⠑⠀⠎⠏⠁⠉⠑⠀⠕⠋⠀ ⠕⠝⠑⠀⠍⠊⠝⠥⠞⠑⠆⠀⠁⠝⠙⠀⠎⠥⠉⠓⠀⠺⠑⠗⠑⠀⠞⠓⠑⠀⠁⠇⠍⠕⠎⠞⠀⠀ ⠍⠊⠗⠁⠉⠥⠇⠕⠥⠎⠀⠑⠋⠋⠕⠗⠞⠎⠀⠕⠋⠀⠞⠓⠑⠀⠠⠃⠗⠊⠞⠊⠎⠓⠀⠁⠝⠙⠀ ⠠⠋⠕⠗⠑⠊⠛⠝⠀⠠⠃⠊⠃⠇⠑⠀⠠⠎⠕⠉⠊⠑⠞⠽⠀⠇⠁⠎⠞⠀⠀⠽⠑⠁⠗⠂⠀ ⠞⠓⠁⠞⠀⠞⠓⠑⠽⠀⠁⠉⠞⠥⠁⠇⠇⠽⠀⠊⠎⠎⠥⠑⠙⠂⠀⠊⠝⠀⠝⠑⠁⠗⠇⠽⠀ ⠼⠁⠑⠚⠀⠅⠝⠕⠺⠝⠀⠇⠁⠝⠛⠥⠁⠛⠑⠎⠂⠀⠁⠝⠀⠀⠁⠧⠑⠗⠁⠛⠑⠀ ⠉⠊⠗⠉⠥⠇⠁⠞⠊⠕⠝⠀⠕⠋⠀⠁⠀⠉⠕⠏⠽⠀⠋⠕⠗⠀⠑⠧⠑⠗⠽⠀⠍⠊⠝⠥⠞⠑⠀ ⠞⠓⠗⠕⠥⠛⠓⠕⠥⠞⠀⠞⠓⠑⠀⠽⠑⠁⠗⠲⠀⠀⠀⠀⠠⠊⠞⠀⠊⠎⠀⠍⠥⠉⠓⠀⠞⠕⠀ ⠃⠑⠀⠗⠑⠛⠗⠑⠞⠞⠑⠙⠀⠞⠓⠁⠞⠀⠊⠝⠀⠞⠗⠁⠉⠊⠝⠛⠀⠞⠓⠑⠀⠕⠗⠊⠛⠊⠝⠀ ⠕⠋⠀⠎⠕⠀⠉⠥⠗⠊⠕⠥⠎⠀⠀⠁⠝⠀⠁⠗⠞⠀⠁⠎⠀⠞⠓⠁⠞⠀⠕⠋⠀⠞⠓⠑⠀ ⠍⠁⠝⠥⠋⠁⠉⠞⠥⠗⠑⠀⠕⠋⠀⠍⠕⠙⠑⠗⠝⠀⠏⠁⠏⠑⠗⠂⠀⠁⠝⠽⠀ ⠙⠑⠋⠊⠝⠊⠞⠑⠀⠀⠉⠕⠝⠉⠇⠥⠎⠊⠕⠝⠀⠁⠎⠀⠞⠕⠀⠞⠓⠑⠀⠏⠗⠑⠉⠊⠎⠑⠀ ⠞⠊⠍⠑⠀⠕⠗⠀⠏⠑⠗⠊⠕⠙⠀⠕⠋⠀⠊⠞⠎⠀⠁⠙⠕⠏⠞⠊⠕⠝⠀⠎⠓⠕⠥⠇⠙⠀⠀ ⠓⠊⠞⠓⠑⠗⠞⠕⠀⠓⠁⠧⠑⠀⠏⠗⠕⠧⠑⠙⠀⠁⠇⠞⠕⠛⠑⠞⠓⠑⠗⠀ ⠥⠝⠁⠞⠞⠁⠊⠝⠁⠃⠇⠑⠲⠀⠠⠞⠓⠑⠀⠠⠗⠕⠽⠁⠇⠀⠠⠎⠕⠉⠊⠑⠞⠽⠀⠀⠕⠋⠀ ⠠⠎⠉⠊⠑⠝⠉⠑⠎⠀⠁⠞⠀⠠⠛⠕⠞⠞⠊⠝⠛⠑⠝⠂⠀⠊⠝⠀⠼⠁⠛⠑⠑⠀⠁⠝⠙⠀ ⠼⠁⠛⠋⠉⠂⠀⠕⠋⠋⠑⠗⠑⠙⠀⠉⠕⠝⠎⠊⠙⠑⠗⠁⠃⠇⠑⠀⠀⠏⠗⠑⠍⠊⠥⠍⠎⠀ ⠋⠕⠗⠀⠞⠓⠁⠞⠀⠑⠎⠏⠑⠉⠊⠁⠇⠀⠕⠃⠚⠑⠉⠞⠂⠀⠃⠥⠞⠀ ⠥⠝⠋⠕⠗⠞⠥⠝⠁⠞⠑⠇⠽⠀⠁⠇⠇⠀⠗⠑⠎⠑⠁⠗⠉⠓⠑⠎⠂⠀⠀⠓⠕⠺⠑⠧⠑⠗⠀ ⠙⠊⠗⠑⠉⠞⠑⠙⠂⠀⠺⠑⠗⠑⠀⠥⠞⠞⠑⠗⠇⠽⠀⠋⠗⠥⠊⠞⠇⠑⠎⠎⠲⠀⠠⠞⠓⠑⠀ ⠍⠕⠎⠞⠀⠁⠝⠉⠊⠑⠝⠞⠀⠍⠁⠝⠥⠎⠉⠗⠊⠏⠞⠀⠀⠕⠝⠀⠉⠕⠞⠞⠕⠝⠀⠏⠁⠏⠑⠗ ⠀⠁⠏⠏⠑⠁⠗⠎⠀⠞⠕⠀⠓⠁⠧⠑⠀⠃⠑⠑⠝⠀⠺⠗⠊⠞⠞⠑⠝⠀⠊⠝⠀⠼⠁⠚⠑⠚⠂⠀ ⠺⠓⠊⠇⠑⠀⠀⠠⠑⠥⠎⠞⠁⠞⠓⠊⠥⠎⠂⠀⠺⠓⠕⠀⠺⠗⠕⠞⠑⠀⠞⠕⠺⠁⠗⠙⠎⠀ ⠞⠓⠑⠀⠑⠝⠙⠀⠕⠋⠀⠞⠓⠑⠀⠼⠁⠃⠞⠓⠀⠉⠑⠝⠞⠥⠗⠽⠂⠀⠎⠞⠁⠞⠑⠎⠀⠀ ⠞⠓⠁⠞⠀⠞⠓⠑⠀⠠⠑⠛⠽⠏⠞⠊⠁⠝⠀⠏⠁⠏⠽⠗⠥⠎⠀⠓⠁⠙⠀⠛⠕⠝⠑⠀⠊⠝⠞⠕
These are the same pages the .brf download embosses — form-feed breaks and all. BRF opens in braille software (Duxbury, BrailleBlaster), on embossers, and on refreshable displays.