Skip to contentSkip to Braille Studio

Library / Chemistry / The History of Silk, Cotton, Linen, Wool, and Other Fibrous Substances; / Braille

The History of Silk, Cotton, Linen, Wool, and Other Fibrous Substances; ⠃⠗⠋ braille edition

Grade 1 — uncontracted, letter-for-letter. Translated on this server by our own braille engine (BRF — Braille Ready Format, Library of Congress fdd000551). View Grade 2 instead.

Download .brf — Grade 2 Download .brf — Grade 1 Plain-text reader .txt

1,113,186 braille cells · 1,176 embossed pages at 40×25 · 14,634 unrepresentable characters omitted

⠁⠝⠙⠀⠞⠓⠑⠗⠑⠋⠕⠗⠑⠀⠙⠊⠑⠙⠀⠠⠁⠲⠀⠠⠍⠲⠀⠼⠃⠚⠚⠛⠆⠀⠁⠝⠙⠀⠁⠎
⠀⠠⠋⠕⠓⠊⠀⠊⠎⠀⠎⠁⠊⠙⠀⠞⠕⠀⠀⠓⠁⠧⠑⠀⠗⠑⠊⠛⠝⠑⠙⠀⠼⠁⠁⠙⠀
⠽⠑⠁⠗⠎⠂⠀⠃⠑⠋⠕⠗⠑⠀⠠⠑⠕⠓⠊⠀⠠⠉⠓⠥⠝⠀⠕⠗⠀⠠⠉⠓⠊⠝⠥⠝⠀
⠎⠥⠉⠉⠑⠑⠙⠑⠙⠀⠓⠊⠍⠂⠀⠓⠑⠀⠀⠺⠁⠎⠀⠉⠕⠝⠞⠑⠍⠏⠕⠗⠁⠗⠽⠂⠀⠁⠞⠀
⠇⠑⠁⠎⠞⠂⠀⠺⠊⠞⠓⠀⠠⠝⠕⠁⠓⠲⠀⠠⠞⠓⠑⠀⠁⠗⠅⠀⠗⠑⠎⠞⠑⠙⠀⠕⠝⠀
⠠⠍⠕⠥⠝⠞⠀⠠⠁⠗⠁⠗⠁⠞⠂⠀⠀⠺⠓⠊⠉⠓⠀⠊⠎⠀⠛⠑⠝⠑⠗⠁⠇⠇⠽⠀
⠁⠇⠇⠕⠺⠑⠙⠀⠞⠕⠀⠃⠑⠀⠕⠝⠑⠀⠕⠋⠀⠞⠓⠑⠀⠍⠕⠥⠝⠞⠁⠊⠝⠎⠀⠕⠋⠀
⠠⠁⠗⠍⠑⠝⠊⠁⠂⠀⠞⠕⠀⠀⠞⠓⠑⠀⠑⠁⠎⠞⠀⠕⠋⠀⠞⠓⠑⠀⠓⠑⠁⠙⠀⠕⠋⠀
⠞⠓⠑⠀⠠⠞⠊⠛⠗⠊⠎⠲⠀⠠⠁⠝⠙⠀⠓⠑⠗⠑⠀⠞⠓⠑⠀⠎⠁⠍⠑⠀⠁⠥⠞⠓⠕⠗⠀
⠗⠑⠍⠁⠗⠅⠎⠂⠀⠀⠞⠓⠁⠞⠀⠦⠊⠝⠀⠗⠁⠞⠓⠑⠗⠀⠇⠑⠎⠎⠀⠞⠓⠁⠝⠀⠁⠀
⠉⠑⠝⠞⠥⠗⠽⠀⠁⠝⠙⠀⠁⠀⠓⠁⠇⠋⠂⠀⠁⠋⠞⠑⠗⠀⠞⠓⠑⠀⠃⠊⠗⠞⠓⠀⠕⠋⠀⠀
⠠⠏⠑⠇⠑⠛⠂⠀⠊⠞⠀⠊⠎⠀⠎⠥⠏⠏⠕⠎⠑⠙⠀⠞⠓⠁⠞⠀⠠⠝⠕⠁⠓⠂⠀⠃⠑⠊⠝⠛
⠀⠞⠓⠑⠝⠀⠁⠃⠕⠥⠞⠀⠓⠊⠎⠀⠼⠓⠙⠚⠞⠓⠀⠽⠑⠁⠗⠂⠀⠀⠺⠑⠁⠗⠊⠑⠙⠀
⠺⠊⠞⠓⠀⠞⠓⠑⠀⠛⠗⠕⠺⠊⠝⠛⠀⠙⠑⠏⠗⠁⠧⠊⠞⠽⠀⠕⠋⠀⠓⠊⠎⠀
⠙⠑⠎⠉⠑⠝⠙⠁⠝⠞⠎⠂⠀⠗⠑⠞⠊⠗⠑⠙⠀⠺⠊⠞⠓⠀⠀⠁⠀⠎⠑⠇⠑⠉⠞⠀
⠉⠕⠍⠏⠁⠝⠽⠀⠞⠕⠀⠁⠀⠗⠑⠍⠕⠞⠑⠀⠉⠕⠗⠝⠑⠗⠀⠕⠋⠀⠠⠁⠎⠊⠁⠂⠀⠁⠝⠙
⠀⠞⠓⠑⠗⠑⠀⠃⠑⠛⠁⠝⠀⠺⠓⠁⠞⠀⠊⠝⠀⠀⠁⠋⠞⠑⠗⠀⠁⠛⠑⠎⠀⠓⠁⠎⠀
⠃⠑⠑⠝⠀⠞⠑⠗⠍⠑⠙⠀⠞⠓⠑⠀⠠⠉⠓⠊⠝⠑⠎⠑⠀⠍⠕⠝⠁⠗⠉⠓⠽⠲⠴⠼⠁⠙⠀
⠠⠞⠓⠊⠎⠀⠧⠊⠑⠺⠀⠕⠋⠀⠞⠓⠑⠀⠀⠎⠥⠃⠚⠑⠉⠞⠂⠀⠺⠑⠀⠃⠑⠇⠊⠑⠧⠑⠂⠀
⠉⠕⠊⠝⠉⠊⠙⠑⠎⠀⠏⠑⠗⠋⠑⠉⠞⠇⠽⠀⠺⠊⠞⠓⠀⠞⠓⠑⠀⠗⠑⠏⠥⠞⠁⠃⠇⠑⠀
⠞⠑⠎⠞⠊⠍⠕⠝⠊⠑⠎⠀⠀⠏⠗⠑⠎⠑⠝⠞⠑⠙⠀⠃⠽⠀⠠⠍⠁⠊⠗⠁⠝⠂⠀
⠠⠃⠁⠊⠇⠇⠽⠂⠀⠠⠛⠥⠊⠛⠝⠑⠎⠂⠀⠁⠝⠙⠀⠠⠎⠊⠗⠀⠠⠺⠊⠇⠇⠊⠁⠍⠀
⠠⠚⠕⠝⠑⠎⠂⠀⠁⠝⠙⠀⠀⠙⠑⠍⠕⠝⠎⠞⠗⠁⠞⠑⠎⠀⠞⠓⠁⠞⠀⠞⠓⠑⠀
⠞⠗⠁⠝⠎⠊⠞⠀⠕⠋⠀⠍⠕⠗⠑⠀⠉⠑⠝⠞⠗⠁⠇⠀⠁⠃⠕⠗⠊⠛⠊⠝⠑⠎⠂⠀
⠎⠊⠝⠉⠑⠀⠞⠓⠑⠀⠀⠙⠑⠇⠥⠛⠑⠂⠀⠞⠕⠀⠞⠓⠑⠀⠑⠭⠞⠗⠑⠍⠑⠎⠀⠕⠋⠀

These are the same pages the .brf download embosses — form-feed breaks and all. BRF opens in braille software (Duxbury, BrailleBlaster), on embossers, and on refreshable displays.