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Intelligence in Plants and Animals ⠃⠗⠋ braille edition

Grade 1 — uncontracted, letter-for-letter. Translated on this server by our own braille engine (BRF — Braille Ready Format, Library of Congress fdd000551). View Grade 2 instead.

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892,303 braille cells · 939 embossed pages at 40×25 · 445 unrepresentable characters omitted

⠥⠝⠞⠊⠇⠀⠊⠞⠀⠃⠑⠉⠕⠍⠑⠎⠀⠀⠉⠕⠝⠎⠞⠗⠊⠉⠞⠑⠙⠀⠁⠝⠙⠀⠙⠗⠕⠏⠎⠀
⠕⠋⠋⠂⠀⠞⠓⠑⠀⠞⠑⠝⠞⠁⠉⠇⠑⠎⠀⠍⠑⠁⠝⠺⠓⠊⠇⠑⠀⠃⠥⠙⠙⠊⠝⠛⠀⠕⠥⠞
⠀⠋⠗⠕⠍⠀⠞⠓⠑⠀⠀⠙⠊⠎⠞⠁⠇⠀⠑⠝⠙⠂⠀⠁⠝⠙⠀⠁⠀
⠍⠕⠥⠞⠓⠤⠕⠏⠑⠝⠊⠝⠛⠀⠁⠗⠊⠎⠊⠝⠛⠀⠃⠑⠞⠺⠑⠑⠝⠀⠞⠓⠑⠍⠲⠀⠠⠊⠝⠀
⠞⠓⠑⠀⠠⠓⠽⠙⠗⠁⠂⠀⠀⠞⠓⠑⠀⠠⠁⠉⠞⠊⠝⠊⠁⠂⠀⠁⠝⠙⠀⠕⠞⠓⠑⠗⠀
⠏⠕⠇⠽⠏⠎⠂⠀⠁⠝⠙⠀⠊⠝⠀⠞⠗⠥⠞⠓⠀⠊⠝⠀⠁⠇⠇⠀⠞⠓⠑⠀⠇⠕⠺⠑⠗⠀
⠁⠝⠊⠍⠁⠇⠎⠂⠀⠀⠃⠥⠙⠙⠊⠝⠛⠀⠊⠎⠀⠎⠊⠍⠏⠇⠽⠀⠙⠥⠑⠀⠞⠕⠀⠁⠝⠀
⠊⠝⠉⠗⠑⠁⠎⠑⠀⠊⠝⠀⠞⠓⠑⠀⠛⠗⠕⠺⠞⠓⠀⠁⠝⠙⠀
⠍⠥⠇⠞⠊⠏⠇⠊⠉⠁⠞⠊⠕⠝⠀⠀⠕⠋⠀⠉⠑⠇⠇⠎⠀⠁⠞⠀⠁⠀⠎⠏⠑⠉⠊⠁⠇⠀
⠏⠇⠁⠉⠑⠀⠕⠝⠀⠞⠓⠑⠀⠕⠥⠞⠎⠊⠙⠑⠀⠕⠋⠀⠞⠓⠑⠀⠃⠕⠙⠽⠲⠀⠠⠁⠎⠀⠊⠝
⠀⠞⠓⠑⠀⠀⠧⠑⠗⠞⠑⠃⠗⠁⠞⠑⠎⠂⠀⠍⠁⠝⠀⠊⠝⠉⠇⠥⠙⠑⠙⠂⠀⠞⠓⠑⠀
⠠⠓⠽⠙⠗⠁⠀⠁⠗⠊⠎⠑⠎⠀⠋⠗⠕⠍⠀⠁⠝⠀⠑⠛⠛⠀⠺⠓⠊⠉⠓⠂⠀⠁⠋⠞⠑⠗⠀⠀
⠋⠑⠗⠞⠊⠇⠊⠵⠁⠞⠊⠕⠝⠂⠀⠏⠁⠎⠎⠑⠎⠀⠞⠓⠗⠕⠥⠛⠓⠀⠞⠺⠕⠀
⠎⠞⠁⠛⠑⠎⠂⠀⠞⠓⠑⠀⠛⠑⠗⠍⠀⠉⠕⠝⠎⠊⠎⠞⠊⠝⠛⠀⠁⠞⠀⠋⠊⠗⠎⠞⠀⠀⠕⠋
⠀⠞⠺⠕⠀⠉⠑⠇⠇⠤⠇⠁⠽⠑⠗⠎⠂⠀⠃⠥⠞⠀⠞⠓⠑⠀⠎⠑⠭⠑⠎⠀⠁⠗⠑⠀⠝⠕⠞⠀
⠎⠑⠏⠁⠗⠁⠞⠑⠀⠁⠎⠀⠊⠝⠀⠞⠓⠑⠀⠍⠁⠗⠊⠝⠑⠀⠀⠠⠓⠽⠙⠗⠕⠊⠙⠎⠂⠀
⠺⠓⠊⠉⠓⠀⠛⠗⠕⠺⠀⠊⠝⠀⠉⠕⠇⠕⠝⠊⠑⠎⠀⠞⠓⠁⠞⠀⠍⠁⠽⠀⠃⠑⠀
⠑⠊⠞⠓⠑⠗⠀⠍⠁⠇⠑⠀⠕⠗⠀⠋⠑⠍⠁⠇⠑⠲⠀⠀⠀⠀⠠⠇⠊⠅⠑⠀⠎⠕⠍⠑⠀
⠕⠞⠓⠑⠗⠀⠁⠝⠊⠍⠁⠇⠎⠀⠕⠋⠀⠎⠊⠍⠏⠇⠑⠀⠎⠞⠗⠥⠉⠞⠥⠗⠑⠂⠀⠞⠓⠑⠀
⠠⠓⠽⠙⠗⠁⠀⠊⠎⠀⠉⠁⠏⠁⠃⠇⠑⠀⠕⠋⠀⠀⠗⠑⠏⠗⠕⠙⠥⠉⠊⠝⠛⠀⠞⠕⠀⠁⠀
⠍⠕⠎⠞⠀⠺⠕⠝⠙⠑⠗⠋⠥⠇⠀⠙⠑⠛⠗⠑⠑⠀⠺⠓⠑⠝⠀⠉⠥⠞⠀⠊⠝⠞⠕⠀
⠏⠊⠑⠉⠑⠎⠲⠀⠠⠙⠊⠧⠊⠙⠑⠙⠀⠀⠊⠝⠀⠞⠺⠕⠂⠀⠑⠁⠉⠓⠀⠃⠑⠉⠕⠍⠑⠎⠀⠁
⠀⠏⠑⠗⠋⠑⠉⠞⠀⠠⠓⠽⠙⠗⠁⠂⠀⠁⠝⠙⠀⠑⠧⠑⠝⠀⠺⠓⠑⠝⠀⠎⠇⠊⠉⠑⠙⠀
⠊⠝⠞⠕⠀⠁⠝⠽⠀⠀⠝⠥⠍⠃⠑⠗⠀⠕⠋⠀⠞⠓⠊⠝⠀⠗⠊⠝⠛⠎⠀⠑⠁⠉⠓⠀⠗⠊⠝⠛
⠀⠺⠊⠇⠇⠀⠛⠗⠕⠺⠀⠕⠥⠞⠀⠁⠀⠉⠗⠕⠺⠝⠀⠕⠋⠀⠞⠑⠝⠞⠁⠉⠇⠑⠎⠲⠀

These are the same pages the .brf download embosses — form-feed breaks and all. BRF opens in braille software (Duxbury, BrailleBlaster), on embossers, and on refreshable displays.