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Intelligence in Plants and Animals ⠃⠗⠋ braille edition

Grade 1 — uncontracted, letter-for-letter. Translated on this server by our own braille engine (BRF — Braille Ready Format, Library of Congress fdd000551). View Grade 2 instead.

Download .brf — Grade 2 Download .brf — Grade 1 Plain-text reader .txt

892,303 braille cells · 939 embossed pages at 40×25 · 445 unrepresentable characters omitted

⠀⠉⠁⠎⠞⠀⠕⠥⠞⠀⠞⠓⠑⠀⠏⠁⠗⠞⠎⠀⠋⠕⠗⠀⠺⠓⠊⠉⠓⠀⠊⠞⠀⠓⠁⠎⠀⠝⠕⠀
⠥⠎⠑⠲⠀⠀⠀⠀⠠⠊⠇⠇⠥⠎⠞⠗⠁⠞⠊⠕⠝⠒⠀⠠⠠⠏⠗⠕⠞⠕⠍⠽⠭⠁⠀
⠠⠠⠋⠑⠑⠙⠊⠝⠛⠲⠀⠀⠀⠀⠠⠺⠓⠑⠝⠀⠠⠏⠗⠕⠞⠕⠍⠽⠭⠁⠀⠓⠁⠎⠀
⠃⠑⠉⠕⠍⠑⠀⠁⠀⠃⠥⠗⠙⠑⠝⠀⠞⠕⠀⠊⠞⠎⠑⠇⠋⠀⠊⠞⠀⠙⠊⠧⠊⠙⠑⠎⠀
⠊⠞⠎⠑⠇⠋⠀⠃⠽⠀⠁⠀⠀⠎⠊⠍⠏⠇⠑⠀⠏⠗⠕⠉⠑⠎⠎⠀⠕⠋⠀⠋⠊⠎⠎⠊⠕⠝⠂⠀
⠑⠁⠉⠓⠀⠏⠁⠗⠞⠀⠃⠑⠊⠝⠛⠀⠉⠕⠍⠏⠇⠑⠞⠑⠀⠊⠝⠀⠊⠞⠎⠑⠇⠋⠂⠀⠕⠗⠀
⠊⠞⠀⠀⠁⠎⠎⠥⠍⠑⠎⠀⠁⠀⠞⠓⠊⠉⠅⠀⠉⠕⠧⠑⠗⠊⠝⠛⠂⠀⠃⠑⠉⠕⠍⠊⠝⠛⠀
⠑⠝⠉⠽⠎⠞⠑⠙⠂⠀⠁⠎⠀⠊⠞⠀⠊⠎⠀⠞⠑⠗⠍⠑⠙⠲⠀⠠⠊⠝⠀⠁⠀⠀⠇⠊⠞⠞⠇⠑
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⠎⠏⠓⠑⠗⠑⠎⠂⠀⠞⠓⠑⠀⠉⠑⠇⠇⠤⠺⠁⠇⠇⠀⠀⠃⠥⠗⠎⠞⠎⠂⠀⠁⠝⠙⠀⠞⠓⠑⠀
⠇⠊⠞⠞⠇⠑⠀⠎⠏⠓⠑⠗⠑⠎⠂⠀⠺⠓⠊⠉⠓⠀⠓⠁⠧⠑⠀⠝⠕⠺⠀⠞⠁⠅⠑⠝⠀⠕⠝⠀
⠁⠀⠎⠕⠗⠞⠀⠕⠋⠀⠀⠞⠁⠙⠏⠕⠇⠑⠀⠎⠓⠁⠏⠑⠂⠀⠋⠇⠕⠁⠞⠀⠕⠥⠞⠀⠥⠏⠕⠝
⠀⠞⠓⠑⠀⠺⠁⠞⠑⠗⠂⠀⠺⠓⠑⠗⠑⠀⠞⠓⠑⠽⠀⠎⠕⠕⠝⠀⠁⠎⠎⠥⠍⠑⠀⠞⠓⠑⠀⠀
⠏⠁⠗⠑⠝⠞⠤⠋⠕⠗⠍⠲⠀⠀⠀⠀⠠⠇⠊⠅⠑⠀⠁⠇⠇⠀⠇⠊⠧⠊⠝⠛⠀⠞⠓⠊⠝⠛⠎⠂
⠀⠞⠓⠑⠎⠑⠀⠠⠍⠕⠝⠑⠗⠎⠀⠓⠁⠧⠑⠀⠁⠀⠙⠑⠎⠊⠗⠑⠀⠋⠕⠗⠀⠋⠕⠕⠙⠂⠀
⠺⠓⠊⠉⠓⠀⠀⠞⠓⠑⠊⠗⠀⠏⠗⠕⠞⠕⠏⠇⠁⠎⠍⠀⠋⠊⠗⠎⠞⠀
⠁⠏⠏⠗⠕⠏⠗⠊⠁⠞⠑⠎⠂⠀⠞⠓⠑⠝⠀⠉⠕⠝⠧⠑⠗⠞⠎⠀⠊⠝⠞⠕⠀
⠁⠧⠁⠊⠇⠁⠃⠇⠑⠀⠀⠍⠁⠞⠑⠗⠊⠁⠇⠲⠀⠠⠞⠓⠑⠽⠀⠞⠓⠥⠎⠀⠛⠗⠕⠺⠀⠁⠝⠙
⠀⠊⠝⠉⠗⠑⠁⠎⠑⠀⠊⠝⠀⠎⠊⠵⠑⠂⠀⠃⠥⠞⠀⠺⠓⠑⠝⠀⠞⠓⠑⠽⠀⠃⠑⠉⠕⠍⠑⠀
⠞⠕⠕⠀⠇⠁⠗⠛⠑⠀⠞⠕⠀⠃⠑⠀⠉⠕⠍⠋⠕⠗⠞⠁⠃⠇⠑⠀⠞⠓⠑⠽⠀⠥⠎⠥⠁⠇⠇⠽
⠀⠎⠏⠇⠊⠞⠀⠊⠝⠞⠕⠀⠞⠺⠕⠂⠀⠊⠝⠀⠕⠃⠑⠙⠊⠑⠝⠉⠑⠀⠀⠞⠕⠀⠞⠓⠑⠀
⠇⠁⠺⠀⠕⠋⠀⠞⠓⠑⠊⠗⠀⠃⠑⠊⠝⠛⠂⠀⠁⠝⠙⠀⠑⠁⠉⠓⠀⠓⠁⠇⠋⠀⠛⠕⠑⠎⠀
⠊⠞⠎⠀⠕⠺⠝⠀⠺⠁⠽⠀⠁⠎⠀⠁⠀⠇⠊⠧⠊⠝⠛⠀⠀⠁⠝⠊⠍⠁⠇⠲⠀⠠⠞⠓⠊⠎⠀
⠊⠎⠀⠞⠓⠑⠀⠑⠁⠗⠇⠊⠑⠎⠞⠀⠋⠕⠗⠍⠀⠕⠋⠀⠏⠁⠗⠑⠝⠞⠁⠛⠑⠂⠀⠞⠓⠑⠀
⠎⠊⠍⠏⠇⠑⠎⠞⠀⠋⠕⠗⠍⠀⠀⠕⠋⠀⠗⠑⠏⠗⠕⠙⠥⠉⠞⠊⠕⠝⠲⠀⠠⠞⠓⠥⠎⠀

These are the same pages the .brf download embosses — form-feed breaks and all. BRF opens in braille software (Duxbury, BrailleBlaster), on embossers, and on refreshable displays.