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Intelligence in Plants and Animals ⠃⠗⠋ braille edition

Grade 1 — uncontracted, letter-for-letter. Translated on this server by our own braille engine (BRF — Braille Ready Format, Library of Congress fdd000551). View Grade 2 instead.

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892,303 braille cells · 939 embossed pages at 40×25 · 445 unrepresentable characters omitted

⠀⠝⠕⠺⠀⠃⠑⠊⠝⠛⠀⠑⠝⠞⠑⠗⠞⠁⠊⠝⠑⠙⠀⠃⠽⠀⠞⠓⠑⠀
⠍⠥⠇⠞⠊⠞⠥⠙⠑⠎⠂⠀⠁⠝⠙⠀⠺⠑⠀⠀⠃⠑⠛⠊⠝⠀⠞⠕⠀⠋⠑⠑⠇⠀⠞⠓⠁⠞⠀
⠞⠓⠑⠀⠝⠑⠭⠞⠀⠛⠗⠑⠁⠞⠀⠎⠞⠑⠏⠀⠊⠎⠀⠃⠑⠊⠝⠛⠀⠞⠁⠅⠑⠝⠀⠺⠓⠑⠝⠀
⠺⠑⠀⠎⠓⠁⠇⠇⠀⠀⠃⠑⠉⠕⠍⠑⠂⠀⠊⠝⠎⠞⠑⠁⠙⠀⠕⠋⠀⠏⠕⠕⠗⠀
⠞⠗⠑⠍⠃⠇⠊⠝⠛⠀⠙⠑⠝⠊⠵⠑⠝⠎⠀⠕⠋⠀⠁⠀⠏⠑⠗⠊⠎⠓⠁⠃⠇⠑⠀
⠺⠕⠗⠇⠙⠂⠀⠏⠗⠕⠥⠙⠀⠀⠁⠝⠙⠀⠉⠕⠝⠎⠉⠊⠕⠥⠎⠀⠉⠊⠞⠊⠵⠑⠝⠎⠀⠕⠋⠀
⠁⠝⠀⠊⠍⠏⠑⠗⠊⠎⠓⠁⠃⠇⠑⠀⠥⠝⠊⠧⠑⠗⠎⠑⠲⠀⠠⠞⠓⠁⠞⠀⠺⠑⠀⠕⠋⠀
⠞⠓⠑⠀⠀⠥⠏⠏⠑⠗⠀⠗⠁⠝⠅⠎⠀⠕⠋⠀⠠⠛⠕⠙⠄⠎⠀⠉⠗⠑⠁⠞⠊⠕⠝⠀
⠁⠇⠕⠝⠑⠀⠏⠕⠎⠎⠑⠎⠎⠀⠁⠝⠀⠊⠝⠝⠑⠗⠀⠇⠊⠋⠑⠀⠺⠓⠊⠉⠓⠀⠎⠓⠁⠇⠇⠀
⠞⠗⠁⠝⠎⠉⠑⠝⠙⠀⠁⠇⠇⠀⠉⠓⠁⠝⠛⠑⠀⠊⠎⠀⠝⠕⠀⠇⠕⠝⠛⠑⠗⠀⠁⠀
⠛⠑⠝⠑⠗⠁⠇⠀⠃⠑⠇⠊⠑⠋⠂⠀⠃⠥⠞⠀⠞⠓⠑⠗⠑⠀⠊⠎⠀⠁⠀⠀⠛⠗⠕⠺⠊⠝⠛⠀
⠓⠕⠏⠑⠀⠞⠓⠁⠞⠀⠁⠇⠇⠀⠝⠁⠞⠥⠗⠑⠀⠎⠓⠁⠗⠑⠎⠀⠊⠞⠂⠀⠁⠝⠙⠀⠞⠓⠁⠞
⠀⠇⠕⠧⠑⠀⠊⠎⠀⠊⠞⠎⠀⠑⠭⠏⠗⠑⠎⠎⠊⠕⠝⠀⠀⠁⠝⠙⠀⠊⠞⠎⠀⠍⠑⠞⠓⠕⠙⠲
⠀⠠⠁⠇⠇⠀⠑⠭⠊⠎⠞⠑⠝⠉⠑⠀⠊⠎⠀⠁⠀⠥⠝⠊⠞⠲⠀⠠⠇⠊⠋⠑⠂⠀⠇⠁⠺⠀
⠁⠝⠙⠀⠇⠕⠧⠑⠀⠁⠗⠑⠀⠙⠊⠧⠊⠝⠑⠲⠀⠀⠠⠍⠁⠝⠂⠀⠇⠕⠕⠅⠊⠝⠛⠀
⠉⠁⠇⠍⠇⠽⠀⠁⠃⠕⠥⠞⠀⠓⠊⠍⠂⠀⠉⠁⠝⠝⠕⠞⠀⠎⠑⠞⠀⠓⠊⠍⠎⠑⠇⠋⠀
⠁⠏⠁⠗⠞⠀⠁⠎⠀⠎⠕⠍⠑⠞⠓⠊⠝⠛⠀⠀⠑⠎⠎⠑⠝⠞⠊⠁⠇⠇⠽⠀
⠙⠊⠋⠋⠑⠗⠑⠝⠞⠀⠋⠗⠕⠍⠀⠝⠁⠞⠥⠗⠑⠂⠀⠃⠥⠞⠀⠍⠥⠎⠞⠀
⠗⠑⠉⠕⠛⠝⠊⠵⠑⠀⠓⠊⠍⠎⠑⠇⠋⠀⠁⠎⠀⠁⠀⠀⠏⠁⠗⠞⠂⠀⠁⠝⠙⠀
⠊⠝⠉⠇⠥⠙⠑⠀⠇⠕⠧⠑⠀⠊⠝⠀⠞⠓⠑⠀⠥⠝⠊⠧⠑⠗⠎⠁⠇⠀⠎⠉⠓⠑⠍⠑⠀⠕⠋⠀
⠙⠑⠧⠑⠇⠕⠏⠍⠑⠝⠞⠲⠀⠠⠁⠇⠇⠀⠀⠕⠞⠓⠑⠗⠀⠑⠭⠏⠗⠑⠎⠎⠊⠕⠝⠎⠀⠕⠋⠀
⠇⠊⠋⠑⠀⠍⠥⠎⠞⠀⠎⠓⠁⠗⠑⠀⠺⠊⠞⠓⠀⠓⠊⠍⠀⠊⠝⠀⠞⠓⠑⠀⠙⠊⠧⠊⠝⠑⠀
⠇⠕⠧⠑⠀⠁⠝⠙⠀⠀⠏⠗⠕⠛⠗⠑⠎⠎⠲⠀⠠⠓⠊⠎⠀⠙⠕⠛⠍⠁⠎⠂⠀⠋⠕⠥⠝⠙⠑⠙
⠀⠕⠝⠀⠍⠊⠎⠞⠁⠅⠑⠝⠀⠞⠗⠁⠙⠊⠞⠊⠕⠝⠎⠂⠀⠓⠁⠧⠑⠀⠛⠊⠧⠑⠝⠀⠺⠁⠽⠀
⠞⠕⠀⠀⠎⠉⠊⠑⠝⠉⠑⠂⠀⠁⠝⠙⠀⠓⠑⠀⠉⠁⠝⠝⠕⠞⠀⠃⠥⠞⠀⠃⠑⠇⠊⠑⠧⠑⠀

These are the same pages the .brf download embosses — form-feed breaks and all. BRF opens in braille software (Duxbury, BrailleBlaster), on embossers, and on refreshable displays.