Skip to contentSkip to Braille Studio

Library / Engineering & Technology / A short history of the printing press and of the improvements in printing machinery from the time of Gutenberg up to the present day / Braille

A short history of the printing press and of the improvements in printing machinery from the time of Gutenberg up to the present day ⠃⠗⠋ braille edition

Grade 2 — contracted English braille (EBAE-compatible subset). Translated on this server by our own braille engine (BRF — Braille Ready Format, Library of Congress fdd000551). View Grade 1 instead.

Download .brf — Grade 2 Download .brf — Grade 1 Plain-text reader .txt

77,114 braille cells · 81 embossed pages at 40×25 · 127 unrepresentable characters omitted

⠠⠏⠥⠇⠇⠑⠽⠎⠀⠁⠞⠀⠕⠝⠉⠑⠀⠎⠑⠊⠵⠑⠀⠮⠀⠉⠗⠑⠁⠎⠫⠀⠩⠑⠑⠞⠀⠀⠀⠀
⠯⠀⠏⠗⠑⠎⠎⠀⠭⠀⠋⠇⠁⠞⠂⠀⠔⠀⠱⠊⠡⠀⠩⠁⠏⠑⠀⠭⠀⠊⠎⠀⠓⠥⠗⠗⠊⠫⠀
⠿⠺⠜⠙⠀⠞⠕⠀⠍⠑⠑⠞⠀⠀⠀⠀⠹⠗⠑⠑⠀⠉⠊⠗⠉⠥⠇⠜⠀⠅⠝⠊⠧⠑⠎⠀⠕⠝⠀
⠐⠕⠀⠩⠁⠋⠞⠂⠀⠱⠊⠡⠀⠉⠥⠞⠀⠭⠀⠁⠉⠗⠕⠎⠎⠀⠔⠀⠋⠳⠗⠀⠀⠀⠀⠑⠟⠥⠁⠇
⠀⠏⠊⠑⠉⠑⠎⠲⠀⠠⠙⠊⠎⠁⠏⠏⠑⠜⠬⠀⠿⠀⠁⠝⠀⠊⠝⠌⠁⠝⠞⠀⠋⠀⠧⠊⠑⠺⠂⠀
⠭⠀⠉⠕⠍⠑⠎⠀⠕⠥⠞⠀⠀⠀⠀⠕⠝⠀⠮⠀⠕⠮⠗⠀⠎⠊⠙⠑⠀⠷⠀⠮⠀⠥⠏⠏⠻⠀
⠑⠝⠙⠀⠷⠀⠮⠀⠞⠁⠊⠇⠀⠷⠀⠮⠀⠏⠗⠑⠎⠎⠀⠔⠀⠀⠀⠀⠮⠀⠿⠍⠀⠷⠀⠋⠳⠗⠀
⠋⠕⠇⠙⠫⠀⠎⠑⠉⠞⠊⠕⠝⠎⠀⠷⠀⠑⠊⠛⠓⠞⠀⠏⠁⠛⠑⠎⠀⠑⠁⠡⠲⠀
⠠⠊⠍⠍⠫⠊⠁⠞⠑⠇⠽⠀⠀⠀⠀⠁⠋⠞⠻⠂⠀⠁⠞⠀⠮⠀⠇⠪⠻⠀⠑⠝⠙⠀⠷⠀⠮⠀
⠞⠁⠊⠇⠀⠷⠀⠮⠀⠏⠗⠑⠎⠎⠂⠀⠕⠥⠞⠀⠉⠕⠍⠑⠀⠋⠳⠗⠀⠀⠀⠀⠑⠝⠞⠊⠗⠑⠇⠽
⠀⠙⠊⠋⠋⠻⠢⠞⠀⠎⠑⠉⠞⠊⠕⠝⠎⠀⠷⠀⠑⠊⠛⠓⠞⠀⠏⠁⠛⠑⠎⠀⠑⠁⠡⠲⠀
⠠⠹⠊⠎⠀⠙⠥⠏⠇⠊⠉⠁⠞⠑⠀⠀⠀⠀⠙⠑⠇⠊⠧⠻⠽⠀⠩⠪⠎⠀⠮⠀⠏⠗⠕⠙⠥⠉⠞⠀
⠷⠀⠮⠀⠏⠗⠑⠎⠎⠀⠞⠕⠀⠃⠑⠀⠁⠞⠀⠑⠀⠗⠑⠧⠕⠇⠥⠞⠊⠕⠝⠀⠀⠀⠀⠷⠀⠮⠀
⠉⠽⠇⠔⠙⠻⠀⠎⠊⠭⠞⠽⠤⠋⠳⠗⠀⠏⠁⠛⠑⠎⠂⠀⠝⠑⠁⠞⠇⠽⠀⠏⠗⠔⠞⠫⠂⠀
⠞⠗⠥⠇⠽⠀⠉⠥⠞⠂⠀⠯⠀⠀⠀⠀⠁⠉⠉⠥⠗⠁⠞⠑⠇⠽⠀⠗⠑⠛⠊⠌⠻⠫⠀⠯⠀
⠋⠕⠇⠙⠫⠂⠀⠗⠑⠁⠙⠽⠀⠿⠀⠮⠀⠃⠔⠙⠻⠲⠀⠠⠞⠺⠕⠀⠃⠕⠽⠎⠀⠀⠀⠀⠁⠗⠑⠀
⠅⠑⠏⠞⠀⠋⠥⠇⠇⠽⠀⠑⠍⠏⠇⠕⠽⠫⠀⠔⠀⠎⠑⠊⠵⠬⠀⠮⠀⠋⠕⠇⠙⠫⠀
⠎⠑⠉⠞⠊⠕⠝⠎⠀⠯⠀⠏⠥⠞⠞⠬⠀⠀⠀⠀⠮⠍⠀⠔⠀⠃⠕⠭⠀⠞⠗⠥⠉⠅⠎⠂⠀⠃⠽⠀
⠱⠊⠡⠀⠮⠽⠀⠁⠗⠑⠀⠗⠕⠇⠇⠫⠀⠕⠥⠞⠀⠞⠕⠀⠮⠀⠑⠇⠑⠧⠁⠞⠕⠗⠂⠀⠀⠀⠀⠯
⠀⠕⠝⠀⠘⠮⠀⠎⠢⠞⠀⠞⠕⠀⠮⠀⠃⠔⠙⠻⠽⠲⠀⠠⠹⠊⠎⠀⠺⠑⠃⠀⠏⠗⠑⠎⠎⠀⠊⠎
⠀⠝⠀⠎⠀⠋⠁⠌⠀⠵⠀⠀⠀⠀⠮⠀⠺⠑⠃⠀⠏⠗⠑⠎⠎⠀⠷⠀⠙⠁⠊⠇⠽⠀
⠝⠑⠺⠎⠏⠁⠏⠻⠎⠂⠀⠃⠀⠭⠀⠏⠻⠿⠍⠎⠀⠍⠀⠕⠏⠻⠁⠞⠊⠕⠝⠎⠀⠀⠀⠀⠯⠀
⠙⠕⠑⠎⠀⠍⠀⠁⠉⠉⠥⠗⠁⠞⠑⠀⠐⠺⠲⠀⠠⠭⠀⠊⠎⠀⠝⠀⠁⠀⠇⠜⠛⠑⠀
⠍⠁⠡⠔⠑⠂⠀⠝⠕⠗⠀⠊⠎⠀⠀⠀⠀⠭⠀⠝⠕⠊⠎⠽⠂⠀⠝⠕⠗⠀⠙⠕⠑⠎⠀⠭⠀
⠎⠑⠑⠍⠀⠞⠕⠀⠃⠑⠀⠍⠕⠧⠬⠀⠋⠁⠌⠂⠀⠃⠀⠮⠀⠏⠁⠏⠻⠀⠛⠕⠑⠎⠀⠀⠀⠀

These are the same pages the .brf download embosses — form-feed breaks and all. BRF opens in braille software (Duxbury, BrailleBlaster), on embossers, and on refreshable displays.