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Library / Engineering & Technology / A short history of the printing press and of the improvements in printing machinery from the time of Gutenberg up to the present day / Braille

A short history of the printing press and of the improvements in printing machinery from the time of Gutenberg up to the present day ⠃⠗⠋ braille edition

Grade 1 — uncontracted, letter-for-letter. Translated on this server by our own braille engine (BRF — Braille Ready Format, Library of Congress fdd000551). View Grade 2 instead.

Download .brf — Grade 2 Download .brf — Grade 1 Plain-text reader .txt

93,448 braille cells · 98 embossed pages at 40×25 · 127 unrepresentable characters omitted

⠺⠕⠗⠅⠂⠀⠊⠝⠀⠞⠓⠑⠀⠉⠕⠝⠎⠞⠗⠥⠉⠞⠊⠕⠝⠀⠀⠋⠕⠗⠀⠠⠞⠓⠑⠕⠙⠕⠗⠑
⠀⠠⠇⠲⠀⠠⠙⠑⠀⠠⠧⠊⠝⠝⠑⠂⠀⠞⠓⠑⠀⠏⠗⠊⠝⠞⠑⠗⠀⠕⠋⠀⠞⠓⠑⠀
⠦⠠⠉⠑⠝⠞⠥⠗⠽⠴⠀⠠⠍⠁⠛⠁⠵⠊⠝⠑⠂⠀⠀⠃⠽⠀⠠⠓⠕⠑⠀⠀⠠⠉⠕⠲⠂⠀⠕⠋
⠀⠁⠀⠏⠑⠗⠋⠑⠉⠞⠊⠝⠛⠀⠏⠗⠑⠎⠎⠀⠞⠕⠀⠙⠕⠀⠞⠓⠑⠀⠏⠇⠁⠊⠝⠀
⠋⠕⠗⠍⠎⠀⠕⠋⠀⠞⠓⠁⠞⠀⠀⠏⠑⠗⠊⠕⠙⠊⠉⠁⠇⠲⠀⠠⠞⠓⠑⠀⠍⠁⠉⠓⠊⠝⠑⠀
⠺⠁⠎⠀⠙⠑⠎⠉⠗⠊⠃⠑⠙⠀⠊⠝⠀⠞⠓⠑⠀⠍⠁⠛⠁⠵⠊⠝⠑⠂⠀⠊⠝⠀⠁⠝⠀
⠁⠗⠞⠊⠉⠇⠑⠀⠀⠺⠗⠊⠞⠞⠑⠝⠀⠃⠽⠀⠠⠍⠗⠲⠀⠠⠙⠑⠀⠠⠧⠊⠝⠝⠑⠂⠀
⠓⠑⠗⠑⠀⠟⠥⠕⠞⠑⠙⠀⠋⠗⠕⠍⠒⠀⠀⠀⠀⠶⠠⠑⠭⠞⠗⠁⠉⠞⠀⠋⠗⠕⠍⠀
⠁⠗⠞⠊⠉⠇⠑⠀⠏⠥⠃⠇⠊⠎⠓⠑⠙⠀⠊⠝⠀⠞⠓⠑⠀⠦⠠⠉⠑⠝⠞⠥⠗⠽⠴⠀
⠠⠍⠁⠛⠁⠵⠊⠝⠑⠂⠀⠠⠝⠕⠧⠑⠍⠃⠑⠗⠂⠀⠀⠼⠁⠓⠊⠚⠲⠶⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠦⠠⠁⠞
⠀⠞⠓⠑⠀⠑⠝⠙⠀⠕⠋⠀⠁⠀⠇⠕⠝⠛⠀⠗⠕⠺⠀⠕⠋⠀⠍⠁⠉⠓⠊⠝⠑⠗⠽⠀
⠎⠞⠁⠝⠙⠎⠀⠞⠓⠑⠀⠺⠑⠃⠀⠏⠗⠑⠎⠎⠤⠤⠁⠀⠀⠀⠀⠍⠁⠎⠎⠊⠧⠑⠀⠁⠝⠙⠀
⠉⠕⠍⠏⠇⠊⠉⠁⠞⠑⠙⠀⠉⠕⠝⠎⠞⠗⠥⠉⠞⠊⠕⠝⠂⠀⠑⠎⠏⠑⠉⠊⠁⠇⠇⠽⠀
⠃⠥⠊⠇⠞⠀⠃⠽⠀⠠⠓⠕⠑⠀⠀⠠⠉⠕⠲⠀⠀⠀⠀⠋⠕⠗⠀⠏⠗⠊⠝⠞⠊⠝⠛⠂⠀
⠉⠥⠞⠞⠊⠝⠛⠀⠁⠝⠙⠀⠋⠕⠇⠙⠊⠝⠛⠀⠞⠓⠑⠀⠏⠇⠁⠊⠝⠀⠁⠝⠙⠀
⠁⠙⠧⠑⠗⠞⠊⠎⠊⠝⠛⠀⠏⠁⠛⠑⠎⠀⠀⠀⠀⠕⠋⠀⠞⠓⠑⠀⠼⠦⠠⠉⠑⠝⠞⠥⠗⠽⠲⠄
⠀⠠⠺⠑⠃⠀⠏⠗⠑⠎⠎⠑⠎⠀⠋⠕⠗⠀⠝⠑⠺⠎⠏⠁⠏⠑⠗⠎⠀⠁⠗⠑⠀⠉⠕⠍⠍⠕⠝⠀
⠑⠝⠕⠥⠛⠓⠂⠀⠀⠀⠀⠃⠥⠞⠀⠞⠓⠊⠎⠀⠏⠗⠑⠎⠎⠀⠓⠁⠎⠀
⠙⠊⠎⠞⠊⠝⠉⠞⠊⠕⠝⠀⠁⠎⠀⠞⠓⠑⠀⠋⠊⠗⠎⠞⠂⠀⠁⠝⠙⠀⠋⠕⠗⠀⠞⠓⠗⠑⠑⠀
⠽⠑⠁⠗⠎⠀⠀⠀⠀⠞⠓⠑⠀⠕⠝⠇⠽⠂⠀⠺⠑⠃⠀⠏⠗⠑⠎⠎⠀⠥⠎⠑⠙⠀⠊⠝⠀
⠞⠓⠊⠎⠀⠉⠕⠥⠝⠞⠗⠽⠂⠀⠋⠕⠗⠀⠛⠕⠕⠙⠀⠃⠕⠕⠅⠀⠺⠕⠗⠅⠲⠀⠠⠁⠞⠀⠀⠀
⠕⠝⠑⠀⠑⠝⠙⠀⠕⠋⠀⠞⠓⠑⠀⠍⠁⠉⠓⠊⠝⠑⠀⠊⠎⠀⠁⠀⠛⠗⠑⠁⠞⠀⠗⠕⠇⠇⠀
⠕⠋⠀⠏⠁⠏⠑⠗⠀⠍⠕⠗⠑⠀⠞⠓⠁⠝⠀⠞⠺⠕⠀⠀⠀⠀⠍⠊⠇⠑⠎⠀⠇⠕⠝⠛⠀
⠺⠓⠑⠝⠀⠥⠝⠺⠕⠥⠝⠙⠂⠀⠁⠝⠙⠀⠺⠑⠊⠛⠓⠊⠝⠛⠀⠁⠃⠕⠥⠞⠀⠼⠛⠑⠚⠀
⠏⠕⠥⠝⠙⠎⠲⠀⠠⠁⠎⠀⠞⠓⠑⠀⠀⠀⠀⠏⠁⠏⠑⠗⠀⠥⠝⠺⠊⠝⠙⠎⠀⠊⠞⠀

These are the same pages the .brf download embosses — form-feed breaks and all. BRF opens in braille software (Duxbury, BrailleBlaster), on embossers, and on refreshable displays.