Library / Engineering & Technology / A short history of the printing press and of the improvements in printing machinery from the time of Gutenberg up to the present day / Braille
A short history of the printing press and of the improvements in printing machinery from the time of Gutenberg up to the present day ⠃⠗⠋ braille edition
Grade 1 — uncontracted, letter-for-letter. Translated on this server by our own braille engine (BRF — Braille Ready Format, Library of Congress fdd000551). View Grade 2 instead.
Download .brf — Grade 2 Download .brf — Grade 1 Plain-text reader .txt
93,448 braille cells · 98 embossed pages at 40×25 · 127 unrepresentable characters omitted
⠊⠝⠞⠗⠕⠙⠥⠉⠑⠙⠀⠞⠕⠀⠊⠝⠅⠀⠞⠓⠑⠀⠞⠽⠏⠑⠀⠁⠎⠀⠊⠞⠀⠏⠁⠎⠎⠑⠙⠀ ⠁⠇⠞⠑⠗⠝⠁⠞⠑⠇⠽⠀⠋⠗⠕⠍⠀⠕⠝⠑⠀⠕⠋⠀⠞⠓⠑⠎⠑⠀⠊⠍⠏⠗⠑⠎⠎⠊⠕⠝ ⠀⠉⠽⠇⠊⠝⠙⠑⠗⠎⠀⠞⠕⠀⠁⠝⠕⠞⠓⠑⠗⠲⠀⠠⠞⠓⠑⠀⠀⠎⠓⠑⠑⠞⠎⠀⠺⠑⠗⠑ ⠀⠋⠑⠙⠀⠙⠕⠺⠝⠀⠃⠽⠀⠓⠁⠝⠙⠀⠋⠗⠕⠍⠀⠑⠊⠛⠓⠞⠀⠋⠇⠁⠞⠀ ⠓⠕⠗⠊⠵⠕⠝⠞⠁⠇⠀⠋⠑⠑⠙⠤⠃⠕⠁⠗⠙⠎⠀⠀⠞⠓⠗⠕⠥⠛⠓⠀⠞⠁⠏⠑⠎⠆⠀ ⠞⠓⠑⠝⠀⠛⠗⠁⠎⠏⠑⠙⠀⠃⠽⠀⠁⠝⠕⠞⠓⠑⠗⠀⠎⠑⠞⠀⠕⠋⠀⠞⠁⠏⠑⠎⠀⠁⠝⠙ ⠀⠏⠁⠎⠎⠑⠙⠀⠀⠎⠊⠙⠑⠺⠁⠽⠎⠀⠃⠑⠞⠺⠑⠑⠝⠀⠞⠓⠑⠀⠊⠍⠏⠗⠑⠎⠎⠊⠕⠝ ⠀⠉⠽⠇⠊⠝⠙⠑⠗⠀⠁⠝⠙⠀⠞⠓⠑⠀⠞⠽⠏⠑⠀⠉⠽⠇⠊⠝⠙⠑⠗⠂⠀⠞⠓⠥⠎⠀⠀ ⠕⠃⠞⠁⠊⠝⠊⠝⠛⠀⠎⠓⠑⠑⠞⠎⠀⠏⠗⠊⠝⠞⠑⠙⠀⠥⠏⠕⠝⠀⠕⠝⠑⠀⠎⠊⠙⠑⠲⠀ ⠠⠞⠓⠑⠀⠊⠍⠏⠗⠑⠎⠎⠊⠕⠝⠀⠉⠽⠇⠊⠝⠙⠑⠗⠀⠀⠙⠑⠇⠊⠧⠑⠗⠑⠙⠀ ⠞⠓⠑⠍⠂⠀⠎⠞⠊⠇⠇⠀⠊⠝⠀⠁⠀⠧⠑⠗⠞⠊⠉⠁⠇⠀⠏⠕⠎⠊⠞⠊⠕⠝⠂⠀⠊⠝⠞⠕ ⠀⠞⠓⠑⠀⠓⠁⠝⠙⠎⠀⠕⠋⠀⠃⠕⠽⠎⠂⠀⠀⠕⠝⠑⠀⠎⠞⠁⠞⠊⠕⠝⠑⠙⠀⠁⠞⠀ ⠑⠁⠉⠓⠀⠉⠽⠇⠊⠝⠙⠑⠗⠀⠞⠕⠀⠗⠑⠉⠑⠊⠧⠑⠀⠞⠓⠑⠍⠲⠀⠠⠞⠓⠑⠀ ⠗⠑⠎⠥⠇⠞⠎⠀⠕⠃⠞⠁⠊⠝⠑⠙⠀⠀⠋⠗⠕⠍⠀⠞⠓⠊⠎⠀⠍⠁⠉⠓⠊⠝⠑⠀⠺⠑⠗⠑ ⠀⠊⠝⠀⠁⠀⠍⠑⠁⠎⠥⠗⠑⠀⠎⠁⠞⠊⠎⠋⠁⠉⠞⠕⠗⠽⠂⠀⠁⠎⠀⠞⠓⠑⠀ ⠝⠥⠍⠃⠑⠗⠀⠕⠋⠀⠀⠏⠁⠏⠑⠗⠎⠀⠏⠗⠊⠝⠞⠑⠙⠀⠏⠑⠗⠀⠓⠕⠥⠗⠀⠥⠏⠕⠝⠀ ⠕⠝⠑⠀⠎⠊⠙⠑⠂⠀⠋⠗⠕⠍⠀⠕⠝⠑⠀⠋⠕⠗⠍⠀⠕⠋⠀⠞⠽⠏⠑⠂⠀⠺⠁⠎⠀⠀ ⠍⠁⠞⠑⠗⠊⠁⠇⠇⠽⠀⠊⠝⠉⠗⠑⠁⠎⠑⠙⠆⠀⠝⠕⠞⠂⠀⠓⠕⠺⠑⠧⠑⠗⠂⠀⠊⠝⠀ ⠏⠗⠕⠏⠕⠗⠞⠊⠕⠝⠀⠞⠕⠀⠞⠓⠑⠀⠝⠥⠍⠃⠑⠗⠀⠕⠋⠀⠀⠊⠍⠏⠗⠑⠎⠎⠊⠕⠝⠀ ⠉⠽⠇⠊⠝⠙⠑⠗⠎⠀⠏⠇⠁⠉⠑⠙⠀⠁⠗⠕⠥⠝⠙⠀⠊⠞⠂⠀⠁⠎⠀⠞⠓⠑⠀⠏⠗⠑⠎⠎ ⠀⠁⠞⠀⠊⠞⠎⠀⠃⠑⠎⠞⠀⠉⠕⠥⠇⠙⠀⠀⠏⠗⠕⠙⠥⠉⠑⠀⠃⠥⠞⠀⠼⠓⠂⠚⠚⠚⠀ ⠊⠍⠏⠗⠑⠎⠎⠊⠕⠝⠎⠀⠏⠑⠗⠀⠓⠕⠥⠗⠂⠀⠕⠝⠀⠕⠝⠑⠀⠎⠊⠙⠑⠀⠕⠋⠀⠞⠓⠑ ⠀⠎⠓⠑⠑⠞⠎⠲⠀⠀⠠⠓⠁⠧⠊⠝⠛⠀⠙⠑⠧⠊⠎⠑⠙⠀⠝⠕⠀⠍⠑⠁⠝⠎⠀⠞⠕⠀ ⠇⠕⠉⠅⠀⠥⠏⠀⠞⠓⠑⠀⠞⠽⠏⠑⠀⠕⠞⠓⠑⠗⠀⠞⠓⠁⠝⠀⠊⠝⠀⠋⠇⠁⠞⠀⠀ ⠉⠕⠇⠥⠍⠝⠎⠂⠀⠞⠓⠑⠀⠏⠕⠇⠽⠛⠕⠝⠁⠇⠀⠋⠕⠗⠍⠀⠺⠁⠎⠀⠁⠀
These are the same pages the .brf download embosses — form-feed breaks and all. BRF opens in braille software (Duxbury, BrailleBlaster), on embossers, and on refreshable displays.