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Arabic Thought and Its Place in History ⠃⠗⠋ braille edition

Grade 1 — uncontracted, letter-for-letter. Translated on this server by our own braille engine (BRF — Braille Ready Format, Library of Congress fdd000551). View Grade 2 instead.

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490,203 braille cells · 519 embossed pages at 40×25 · 1,761 unrepresentable characters omitted

⠞⠑⠝⠙⠑⠝⠉⠊⠑⠎⠀⠁⠎⠀⠞⠓⠑⠽⠀⠁⠏⠏⠑⠁⠗⠑⠙⠀⠊⠝⠀
⠠⠁⠇⠑⠭⠁⠝⠙⠗⠊⠁⠲⠀⠠⠓⠑⠀⠎⠓⠕⠺⠎⠀⠞⠓⠑⠀⠍⠕⠝⠕⠞⠓⠑⠊⠎⠞⠊⠉⠀
⠞⠑⠝⠙⠑⠝⠉⠽⠀⠺⠓⠊⠉⠓⠀⠺⠁⠎⠀⠊⠝⠙⠑⠑⠙⠀⠏⠗⠑⠎⠑⠝⠞⠀⠊⠝⠀⠞⠓⠑
⠀⠕⠇⠙⠑⠗⠀⠏⠓⠊⠇⠕⠎⠕⠏⠓⠑⠗⠎⠀⠃⠥⠞⠀⠝⠕⠺⠀⠀⠃⠑⠛⠊⠝⠎⠀⠞⠕⠀
⠃⠑⠀⠍⠕⠗⠑⠀⠎⠞⠗⠕⠝⠛⠇⠽⠀⠑⠍⠏⠓⠁⠎⠊⠵⠑⠙⠀⠁⠎⠀
⠏⠓⠊⠇⠕⠎⠕⠏⠓⠽⠀⠃⠑⠉⠕⠍⠑⠎⠀⠍⠕⠗⠑⠀⠀⠞⠓⠑⠕⠇⠕⠛⠊⠉⠁⠇⠀⠊⠝⠀
⠊⠞⠎⠀⠎⠏⠑⠉⠥⠇⠁⠞⠊⠕⠝⠎⠂⠀⠞⠓⠕⠥⠛⠓⠀⠝⠕⠀⠙⠕⠥⠃⠞⠀⠊⠝⠀⠓⠊⠎
⠀⠉⠁⠎⠑⠀⠞⠓⠊⠎⠀⠺⠁⠎⠀⠀⠇⠁⠗⠛⠑⠇⠽⠀⠙⠥⠑⠀⠞⠕⠀⠞⠓⠑⠀
⠗⠑⠇⠊⠛⠊⠕⠝⠀⠓⠑⠀⠏⠗⠕⠋⠑⠎⠎⠑⠙⠲⠀⠠⠓⠑⠀⠑⠭⠏⠗⠑⠎⠎⠑⠙⠀⠞⠓⠑
⠀⠙⠕⠉⠞⠗⠊⠝⠑⠀⠀⠕⠋⠀⠁⠀⠠⠕⠝⠑⠀⠠⠛⠕⠙⠂⠀⠑⠞⠑⠗⠝⠁⠇⠂⠀
⠥⠝⠉⠓⠁⠝⠛⠊⠝⠛⠂⠀⠁⠝⠙⠀⠏⠁⠎⠎⠊⠕⠝⠇⠑⠎⠎⠂⠀⠋⠁⠗⠀⠗⠑⠍⠕⠧⠑⠙
⠀⠁⠃⠕⠧⠑⠀⠀⠞⠓⠑⠀⠺⠕⠗⠇⠙⠀⠕⠋⠀⠏⠓⠑⠝⠕⠍⠑⠝⠁⠂⠀⠁⠎⠀⠞⠓⠑⠀
⠠⠋⠊⠗⠎⠞⠀⠠⠉⠁⠥⠎⠑⠀⠕⠋⠀⠁⠇⠇⠀⠞⠓⠁⠞⠀⠑⠭⠊⠎⠞⠎⠂⠀⠁⠀⠀
⠏⠓⠊⠇⠕⠎⠕⠏⠓⠊⠉⠁⠇⠀⠍⠕⠝⠕⠞⠓⠑⠊⠎⠍⠀⠺⠓⠊⠉⠓⠀⠉⠁⠝⠀⠃⠑⠀
⠋⠊⠞⠞⠑⠙⠀⠊⠝⠀⠺⠊⠞⠓⠀⠞⠓⠑⠀⠠⠕⠇⠙⠀⠠⠞⠑⠎⠞⠁⠍⠑⠝⠞⠀⠀⠃⠥⠞⠀
⠙⠕⠑⠎⠀⠝⠕⠞⠀⠝⠁⠞⠥⠗⠁⠇⠇⠽⠀⠏⠗⠕⠉⠑⠑⠙⠀⠋⠗⠕⠍⠀⠊⠞⠲⠀⠠⠞⠓⠑
⠀⠙⠕⠉⠞⠗⠊⠝⠑⠀⠕⠋⠀⠁⠝⠀⠠⠁⠃⠎⠕⠇⠥⠞⠑⠀⠀⠠⠗⠑⠁⠇⠊⠞⠽⠀⠁⠎⠀
⠞⠓⠑⠀⠝⠑⠉⠑⠎⠎⠁⠗⠽⠀⠉⠁⠥⠎⠑⠀⠕⠋⠀⠁⠇⠇⠀⠞⠓⠁⠞⠀⠊⠎⠀
⠧⠁⠗⠊⠁⠃⠇⠑⠂⠀⠎⠕⠍⠑⠞⠓⠊⠝⠛⠀⠇⠊⠅⠑⠀⠀⠞⠓⠑⠀⠋⠥⠇⠉⠗⠥⠍⠀
⠺⠓⠊⠉⠓⠀⠠⠁⠗⠉⠓⠊⠍⠑⠙⠑⠎⠀⠝⠑⠑⠙⠑⠙⠀⠞⠕⠀⠍⠕⠧⠑⠀⠞⠓⠑⠀
⠺⠕⠗⠇⠙⠂⠀⠺⠁⠎⠀⠕⠝⠑⠀⠞⠕⠀⠺⠓⠊⠉⠓⠀⠀⠁⠇⠇⠀⠏⠓⠊⠇⠕⠎⠕⠏⠓⠽⠂
⠀⠁⠝⠙⠀⠑⠎⠏⠑⠉⠊⠁⠇⠇⠽⠀⠞⠓⠑⠀⠠⠏⠇⠁⠞⠕⠝⠊⠉⠀⠎⠉⠓⠕⠕⠇⠂⠀
⠺⠁⠎⠀⠞⠑⠝⠙⠊⠝⠛⠲⠀⠠⠃⠥⠞⠂⠀⠀⠁⠎⠀⠉⠁⠥⠎⠁⠞⠊⠕⠝⠀⠞⠕⠀⠎⠕⠍⠑
⠀⠑⠭⠞⠑⠝⠞⠀⠊⠍⠏⠇⠊⠑⠎⠀⠉⠓⠁⠝⠛⠑⠂⠀⠞⠓⠊⠎⠀⠠⠋⠊⠗⠎⠞⠀
⠠⠉⠁⠥⠎⠑⠀⠉⠕⠥⠇⠙⠀⠝⠕⠞⠀⠀⠃⠑⠀⠗⠑⠛⠁⠗⠙⠑⠙⠀⠁⠎⠀

These are the same pages the .brf download embosses — form-feed breaks and all. BRF opens in braille software (Duxbury, BrailleBlaster), on embossers, and on refreshable displays.