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Arabic Thought and Its Place in History ⠃⠗⠋ braille edition

Grade 1 — uncontracted, letter-for-letter. Translated on this server by our own braille engine (BRF — Braille Ready Format, Library of Congress fdd000551). View Grade 2 instead.

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490,203 braille cells · 519 embossed pages at 40×25 · 2,985 unrepresentable characters omitted

⠗⠑⠇⠊⠛⠊⠕⠝⠀⠺⠑⠗⠑⠀⠝⠕⠞⠀⠁⠎⠀⠁⠀⠗⠥⠇⠑⠀⠙⠗⠁⠺⠝⠀⠀⠋⠗⠕⠍⠀
⠞⠓⠑⠀⠑⠙⠥⠉⠁⠞⠑⠙⠀⠉⠇⠁⠎⠎⠑⠎⠀⠁⠝⠙⠀⠎⠓⠑⠺⠑⠙⠀⠁⠀⠍⠁⠗⠅⠑⠙
⠀⠎⠥⠎⠏⠊⠉⠊⠕⠝⠀⠁⠝⠙⠀⠙⠊⠎⠇⠊⠅⠑⠀⠀⠞⠕⠺⠁⠗⠙⠎⠀⠞⠓⠕⠎⠑⠀
⠎⠥⠏⠑⠗⠊⠕⠗⠀⠏⠑⠗⠎⠕⠝⠎⠂⠀⠎⠥⠉⠓⠀⠁⠎⠀⠞⠓⠑⠀⠠⠛⠝⠕⠎⠞⠊⠉⠎⠂
⠀⠕⠗⠀⠁⠞⠀⠇⠑⠁⠎⠞⠀⠀⠞⠓⠑⠀⠏⠗⠑⠤⠠⠍⠁⠗⠉⠊⠕⠝⠊⠞⠑⠀
⠠⠛⠝⠕⠎⠞⠊⠉⠎⠂⠀⠺⠓⠕⠀⠺⠑⠗⠑⠀⠙⠊⠎⠏⠕⠎⠑⠙⠀⠞⠕⠀
⠏⠁⠞⠗⠕⠝⠊⠎⠑⠀⠞⠓⠑⠍⠲⠀⠀⠠⠛⠗⠁⠙⠥⠁⠇⠇⠽⠀⠓⠕⠺⠑⠧⠑⠗⠀⠞⠓⠊⠎
⠀⠁⠞⠞⠊⠞⠥⠙⠑⠀⠉⠓⠁⠝⠛⠑⠙⠀⠁⠝⠙⠀⠺⠑⠀⠃⠑⠛⠊⠝⠀⠞⠕⠀⠋⠊⠝⠙⠀
⠍⠑⠝⠀⠀⠇⠊⠅⠑⠀⠠⠚⠥⠎⠞⠊⠝⠀⠠⠍⠁⠗⠞⠽⠗⠀⠺⠓⠕⠀⠓⠁⠙⠀
⠗⠑⠉⠑⠊⠧⠑⠙⠀⠁⠀⠏⠓⠊⠇⠕⠎⠕⠏⠓⠊⠉⠁⠇⠀⠑⠙⠥⠉⠁⠞⠊⠕⠝⠀⠁⠝⠙⠀⠀
⠽⠑⠞⠀⠋⠕⠥⠝⠙⠀⠊⠞⠀⠟⠥⠊⠞⠑⠀⠏⠕⠎⠎⠊⠃⠇⠑⠀⠞⠕⠀
⠉⠕⠤⠕⠗⠙⠊⠝⠁⠞⠑⠀⠉⠕⠝⠞⠑⠍⠏⠕⠗⠁⠗⠽⠀⠎⠉⠊⠑⠝⠉⠑⠀⠁⠝⠙⠀⠀
⠠⠉⠓⠗⠊⠎⠞⠊⠁⠝⠀⠙⠕⠉⠞⠗⠊⠝⠑⠲⠀⠠⠊⠝⠀⠠⠗⠕⠍⠑⠂⠀⠊⠝⠀
⠠⠁⠋⠗⠊⠉⠁⠂⠀⠁⠝⠙⠀⠊⠝⠀⠠⠛⠗⠑⠑⠉⠑⠀⠞⠓⠑⠀⠠⠉⠓⠗⠊⠎⠞⠊⠁⠝⠎⠀
⠺⠑⠗⠑⠀⠁⠀⠙⠑⠎⠏⠊⠎⠑⠙⠀⠍⠊⠝⠕⠗⠊⠞⠽⠂⠀⠉⠓⠊⠑⠋⠇⠽⠀⠙⠗⠁⠺⠝⠀
⠋⠗⠕⠍⠀⠞⠓⠑⠀⠥⠝⠇⠑⠞⠞⠑⠗⠑⠙⠀⠉⠇⠁⠎⠎⠂⠀⠀⠁⠝⠙⠀
⠕⠎⠞⠑⠝⠞⠁⠞⠊⠕⠥⠎⠇⠽⠀⠊⠛⠝⠕⠗⠑⠙⠀⠃⠽⠀⠞⠓⠑⠀⠺⠗⠊⠞⠑⠗⠎⠀⠕⠋
⠀⠞⠓⠑⠀⠙⠁⠽⠲⠀⠠⠇⠊⠅⠑⠀⠞⠓⠑⠀⠠⠚⠑⠺⠀⠕⠋⠀⠀⠞⠓⠑⠀⠠⠛⠓⠑⠞⠞⠕
⠀⠞⠓⠑⠽⠀⠺⠑⠗⠑⠀⠋⠕⠗⠉⠑⠙⠀⠞⠕⠀⠇⠊⠧⠑⠀⠁⠝⠀⠊⠎⠕⠇⠁⠞⠑⠙⠀
⠇⠊⠋⠑⠀⠁⠝⠙⠀⠞⠓⠗⠕⠺⠝⠀⠃⠁⠉⠅⠀⠀⠥⠏⠕⠝⠀⠞⠓⠑⠊⠗⠀
⠊⠝⠞⠑⠗⠝⠁⠇⠀⠗⠑⠎⠕⠥⠗⠉⠑⠎⠲⠀⠠⠃⠥⠞⠀⠊⠝⠀⠠⠁⠇⠑⠭⠁⠝⠙⠗⠊⠁⠀
⠁⠝⠙⠂⠀⠞⠕⠀⠁⠀⠇⠑⠎⠎⠑⠗⠀⠀⠙⠑⠛⠗⠑⠑⠀⠊⠝⠀⠠⠎⠽⠗⠊⠁⠂⠀⠞⠓⠑⠽
⠀⠺⠑⠗⠑⠀⠍⠕⠗⠑⠀⠊⠝⠀⠞⠓⠑⠀⠏⠕⠎⠊⠞⠊⠕⠝⠀⠕⠋⠀⠞⠓⠑⠀⠍⠕⠙⠑⠗⠝
⠀⠠⠚⠑⠺⠀⠊⠝⠀⠀⠠⠁⠝⠛⠇⠕⠀⠠⠎⠁⠭⠕⠝⠀⠇⠁⠝⠙⠎⠂⠀⠞⠓⠕⠥⠛⠓⠀
⠃⠊⠞⠞⠑⠗⠇⠽⠀⠓⠁⠞⠑⠙⠀⠁⠝⠙⠀⠕⠉⠉⠁⠎⠊⠕⠝⠁⠇⠇⠽⠀

These are the same pages the .brf download embosses — form-feed breaks and all. BRF opens in braille software (Duxbury, BrailleBlaster), on embossers, and on refreshable displays.