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Spices, their histories ⠃⠗⠋ braille edition

Grade 1 — uncontracted, letter-for-letter. Translated on this server by our own braille engine (BRF — Braille Ready Format, Library of Congress fdd000551). View Grade 2 instead.

Download .brf — Grade 2 Download .brf — Grade 1 Plain-text reader .txt

86,497 braille cells · 92 embossed pages at 40×25 · 48 unrepresentable characters omitted

⠇⠑⠁⠎⠞⠀⠊⠝⠀⠞⠓⠑⠀⠑⠁⠎⠞⠑⠗⠝⠀⠏⠁⠗⠞⠎⠀⠕⠋⠀⠞⠓⠑⠀⠠⠗⠕⠍⠁⠝
⠀⠑⠍⠏⠊⠗⠑⠲⠀⠠⠊⠝⠀⠠⠑⠥⠗⠕⠏⠑⠂⠀⠙⠥⠗⠊⠝⠛⠀⠞⠓⠑⠀⠍⠊⠙⠙⠇⠑⠀
⠁⠛⠑⠎⠂⠀⠍⠥⠎⠞⠁⠗⠙⠀⠺⠁⠎⠀⠁⠀⠧⠁⠇⠥⠑⠙⠀⠁⠉⠉⠕⠍⠏⠁⠝⠊⠍⠑⠝⠞
⠀⠞⠕⠀⠋⠕⠕⠙⠂⠀⠑⠎⠏⠑⠉⠊⠁⠇⠇⠽⠀⠺⠊⠞⠓⠀⠞⠓⠑⠀⠎⠁⠇⠞⠑⠙⠀
⠍⠑⠁⠞⠎⠀⠺⠓⠊⠉⠓⠀⠉⠕⠝⠎⠞⠊⠞⠥⠞⠑⠙⠀⠁⠀⠇⠁⠗⠛⠑⠀⠏⠕⠗⠞⠊⠕⠝⠀
⠕⠋⠀⠞⠓⠑⠀⠙⠊⠑⠞⠀⠕⠋⠀⠕⠥⠗⠀⠁⠝⠉⠑⠎⠞⠕⠗⠎⠀⠙⠥⠗⠊⠝⠛⠀⠞⠓⠑⠀
⠺⠊⠝⠞⠑⠗⠲⠀⠠⠊⠝⠀⠞⠓⠑⠀⠠⠺⠑⠇⠎⠓⠀⠦⠠⠍⠑⠙⠙⠽⠛⠕⠝⠀
⠠⠍⠽⠙⠙⠗⠁⠊⠴⠀⠕⠋⠀⠞⠓⠑⠀⠼⠁⠉⠞⠓⠀⠉⠑⠝⠞⠥⠗⠽⠂⠀⠁⠀
⠏⠁⠗⠁⠛⠗⠁⠏⠓⠀⠊⠎⠀⠙⠑⠧⠕⠞⠑⠙⠀⠞⠕⠀⠞⠓⠑⠀⠦⠠⠧⠊⠗⠞⠥⠑⠎⠀⠕⠋
⠀⠠⠍⠥⠎⠞⠁⠗⠙⠲⠴⠀⠠⠊⠝⠀⠓⠕⠥⠎⠑⠓⠕⠇⠙⠀⠁⠉⠉⠕⠥⠝⠞⠎⠀⠕⠋⠀
⠞⠓⠑⠀⠼⠁⠉⠞⠓⠀⠁⠝⠙⠀⠼⠁⠙⠞⠓⠀⠉⠑⠝⠞⠥⠗⠊⠑⠎⠂⠀⠍⠥⠎⠞⠁⠗⠙⠀
⠊⠎⠀⠕⠋⠀⠉⠕⠝⠎⠞⠁⠝⠞⠀⠕⠉⠉⠥⠗⠗⠑⠝⠉⠑⠆⠀⠊⠞⠀⠺⠁⠎⠀⠞⠓⠑⠝⠀
⠉⠥⠇⠞⠊⠧⠁⠞⠑⠙⠀⠊⠝⠀⠠⠑⠝⠛⠇⠁⠝⠙⠂⠀⠃⠥⠞⠀⠝⠕⠞⠀
⠑⠭⠞⠑⠝⠎⠊⠧⠑⠇⠽⠲⠀⠠⠞⠓⠑⠀⠏⠗⠊⠉⠑⠀⠕⠋⠀⠞⠓⠑⠀⠎⠑⠑⠙⠀
⠃⠑⠞⠺⠑⠑⠝⠀⠼⠁⠃⠓⠑⠀⠁⠝⠙⠀⠼⠁⠉⠙⠚⠀⠧⠁⠗⠊⠑⠙⠀⠋⠗⠕⠍⠀⠼⠁⠎⠀
⠼⠉⠰⠙⠀⠞⠕⠀⠼⠋⠎⠀⠼⠓⠰⠙⠀⠏⠑⠗⠀⠟⠥⠁⠗⠞⠑⠗⠀⠶⠼⠃⠁⠀⠇⠃⠎⠲⠶⠂
⠀⠃⠥⠞⠀⠃⠑⠞⠺⠑⠑⠝⠀⠼⠁⠉⠙⠛⠀⠁⠝⠙⠀⠼⠁⠉⠛⠋⠀⠊⠞⠀⠺⠁⠎⠀⠁⠎⠀
⠓⠊⠛⠓⠀⠁⠎⠀⠼⠁⠑⠎⠀⠁⠝⠙⠀⠼⠁⠋⠎⠲⠀⠠⠊⠝⠀⠞⠓⠑⠀⠁⠉⠉⠕⠥⠝⠞⠎⠀
⠕⠋⠀⠞⠓⠑⠀⠠⠁⠃⠃⠑⠽⠀⠕⠋⠀⠠⠎⠞⠲⠀⠠⠛⠑⠗⠍⠁⠊⠝⠀⠙⠑⠎⠀⠠⠏⠗⠑⠎
⠀⠊⠝⠀⠠⠏⠁⠗⠊⠎⠂⠀⠼⠓⠚⠚⠀⠠⠁⠲⠀⠠⠙⠲⠂⠀⠍⠥⠎⠞⠁⠗⠙⠀⠊⠎⠀
⠎⠏⠑⠉⠊⠁⠇⠇⠽⠀⠍⠑⠝⠞⠊⠕⠝⠑⠙⠀⠁⠎⠀⠁⠀⠗⠑⠛⠥⠇⠁⠗⠀⠏⠁⠗⠞⠀⠕⠋
⠀⠞⠓⠑⠀⠗⠑⠧⠑⠝⠥⠑⠀⠕⠋⠀⠞⠓⠑⠀⠉⠕⠝⠧⠑⠝⠞⠀⠇⠁⠝⠙⠎⠲⠀⠀⠠⠞⠓⠑
⠀⠑⠎⠎⠑⠝⠞⠊⠁⠇⠀⠕⠊⠇⠀⠕⠋⠀⠍⠥⠎⠞⠁⠗⠙⠀⠺⠁⠎⠀⠋⠊⠗⠎⠞⠀
⠝⠕⠞⠊⠉⠑⠙⠀⠊⠝⠀⠼⠁⠋⠋⠚⠀⠃⠽⠀⠠⠝⠊⠉⠕⠇⠁⠎⠀⠇⠑⠀⠠⠋⠑⠃⠗⠑⠀
⠁⠝⠙⠀⠍⠕⠗⠑⠀⠙⠊⠎⠞⠊⠝⠉⠞⠇⠽⠀⠊⠝⠀⠼⠁⠛⠉⠃⠀⠃⠽⠀

These are the same pages the .brf download embosses — form-feed breaks and all. BRF opens in braille software (Duxbury, BrailleBlaster), on embossers, and on refreshable displays.