Skip to contentSkip to Braille Studio

Library / Philosophy / The Purpose of History / Braille

The Purpose of History ⠃⠗⠋ braille edition

Grade 2 — contracted English braille (EBAE-compatible subset). Translated on this server by our own braille engine (BRF — Braille Ready Format, Library of Congress fdd000551). View Grade 1 instead.

Download .brf — Grade 2 Download .brf — Grade 1 Plain-text reader .txt

91,420 braille cells · 97 embossed pages at 40×25 · 145 unrepresentable characters omitted

⠀⠗⠑⠎⠻⠧⠑⠀⠯⠀⠇⠕⠧⠑⠀⠾⠳⠞⠀⠗⠑⠛⠗⠑⠞⠲⠀⠀⠠⠓⠥⠍⠁⠝⠀
⠓⠊⠌⠕⠗⠽⠀⠊⠎⠀⠎⠕⠍⠑⠹⠬⠀⠍⠀⠹⠁⠝⠀⠮⠀⠇⠊⠧⠑⠎⠀⠷⠀⠛⠗⠑⠁⠞⠀
⠍⠢⠂⠀⠮⠀⠗⠊⠎⠑⠀⠯⠀⠋⠁⠇⠇⠀⠷⠀⠌⠁⠞⠑⠎⠂⠀⠮⠀⠛⠗⠪⠹⠀⠷⠀
⠊⠝⠌⠊⠞⠥⠞⠊⠕⠝⠎⠀⠯⠀⠉⠥⠌⠕⠍⠎⠂⠀⠮⠀⠧⠁⠛⠜⠊⠑⠎⠀⠷⠀
⠗⠑⠇⠊⠛⠊⠕⠝⠀⠯⠀⠏⠓⠊⠇⠕⠎⠕⠏⠓⠽⠂⠀⠕⠗⠀⠮⠀⠉⠕⠝⠞⠗⠕⠇⠇⠬⠀
⠊⠝⠋⠇⠥⠢⠉⠑⠀⠷⠀⠑⠉⠕⠝⠕⠍⠊⠉⠀⠿⠉⠑⠎⠲⠀⠠⠭⠀⠊⠎⠀⠁⠇⠎⠕⠀⠁⠀
⠗⠁⠞⠊⠕⠝⠁⠇⠀⠑⠝⠞⠻⠏⠗⠊⠎⠑⠲⠀⠠⠑⠭⠏⠗⠑⠎⠎⠫⠀⠔⠀
⠝⠁⠞⠥⠗⠁⠇⠊⠌⠊⠉⠀⠞⠻⠍⠎⠀⠭⠀⠊⠎⠀⠓⠊⠌⠕⠗⠽⠀⠉⠕⠝⠎⠉⠊⠳⠎⠀⠷⠀
⠱⠁⠞⠀⠓⠊⠌⠕⠗⠽⠀⠊⠎⠲⠀⠠⠞⠕⠀⠗⠑⠍⠑⠍⠃⠻⠀⠯⠀⠞⠕⠀⠥⠝⠙⠻⠌⠯⠀
⠱⠁⠞⠀⠓⠁⠎⠀⠓⠁⠏⠏⠢⠫⠀⠊⠎⠀⠝⠂⠀⠮⠗⠑⠿⠑⠂⠀⠎⠊⠍⠏⠇⠽⠀⠁⠝⠀
⠊⠝⠞⠻⠑⠌⠬⠀⠯⠀⠏⠗⠷⠊⠞⠁⠃⠇⠑⠀⠌⠥⠙⠽⠆⠀⠭⠀⠍⠁⠽⠀⠃⠑⠀⠁⠇⠎⠕⠀
⠁⠝⠀⠊⠇⠇⠥⠌⠗⠁⠞⠊⠕⠝⠀⠷⠀⠗⠁⠞⠊⠕⠝⠁⠇⠀⠇⠊⠧⠬⠲⠀⠠⠭⠀⠍⠁⠽⠀
⠃⠑⠀⠁⠝⠀⠊⠝⠙⠊⠉⠁⠞⠊⠕⠝⠀⠞⠀⠍⠁⠝⠂⠀⠔⠀⠋⠔⠁⠇⠇⠽⠀
⠙⠊⠎⠉⠕⠧⠻⠬⠀⠱⠁⠞⠀⠦⠀⠓⠊⠌⠕⠗⠽⠀⠛⠢⠥⠔⠑⠇⠽⠀⠊⠎⠂⠀⠊⠎⠀⠁⠞⠀
⠮⠀⠎⠁⠍⠑⠀⠐⠞⠀⠍⠁⠅⠬⠀⠭⠀⠍⠔⠊⠌⠻⠀⠉⠕⠝⠌⠁⠝⠞⠇⠽⠀⠯⠀
⠉⠕⠝⠎⠉⠊⠳⠎⠇⠽⠀⠞⠕⠀⠊⠞⠎⠀⠕⠺⠝⠀⠑⠝⠇⠜⠛⠑⠍⠢⠞⠀⠯⠀
⠏⠻⠋⠑⠉⠞⠊⠕⠝⠲⠀⠠⠞⠀⠊⠝⠞⠑⠇⠇⠊⠛⠢⠞⠀⠃⠑⠬⠎⠀⠩⠳⠇⠙⠀
⠗⠑⠉⠕⠧⠻⠀⠸⠮⠀⠓⠊⠌⠕⠗⠽⠀⠊⠎⠀⠝⠕⠀⠗⠑⠁⠎⠕⠝⠀⠱⠽⠀⠮⠽⠀⠩⠳⠇⠙
⠀⠗⠑⠏⠥⠙⠊⠁⠞⠑⠀⠭⠂⠀⠑⠧⠢⠀⠊⠋⠀⠮⠽⠀⠋⠔⠙⠀⠸⠍⠀⠹⠬⠎⠀⠷⠀⠱⠊⠡
⠀⠞⠕⠀⠃⠑⠀⠁⠩⠁⠍⠫⠆⠀⠿⠀⠮⠽⠀⠁⠗⠑⠀⠑⠭⠁⠍⠏⠇⠑⠎⠀⠷⠀⠮⠀
⠗⠑⠉⠕⠧⠻⠽⠀⠷⠀⠮⠀⠏⠁⠌⠀⠾⠀⠮⠀⠏⠗⠕⠎⠏⠑⠉⠞⠀⠷⠀⠁⠀⠋⠥⠞⠥⠗⠑⠲
⠀⠠⠔⠀⠗⠑⠁⠙⠬⠀⠸⠮⠀⠕⠺⠝⠀⠓⠊⠌⠕⠗⠽⠂⠀⠮⠽⠀⠍⠁⠽⠀⠎⠍⠊⠇⠑⠀⠁⠞
⠀⠞⠀⠱⠊⠡⠀⠕⠝⠉⠑⠀⠮⠽⠀⠗⠑⠧⠻⠢⠉⠫⠂⠀⠯⠀⠇⠁⠥⠛⠓⠀⠁⠞⠀⠞⠀⠱⠊⠡
⠀⠕⠝⠉⠑⠀⠮⠽⠀⠋⠑⠜⠫⠲⠀⠠⠮⠽⠀⠍⠁⠽⠀⠓⠀⠞⠕⠀⠥⠝⠇⠑⠜⠝⠀⠸⠍⠀
⠑⠌⠁⠃⠇⠊⠩⠫⠀⠇⠑⠎⠎⠕⠝⠎⠀⠯⠀⠗⠢⠳⠝⠉⠑⠀⠸⠍⠀⠡⠻⠊⠩⠫⠀

These are the same pages the .brf download embosses — form-feed breaks and all. BRF opens in braille software (Duxbury, BrailleBlaster), on embossers, and on refreshable displays.