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Altruism: Its Nature and Varieties ⠃⠗⠋ braille edition

Grade 1 — uncontracted, letter-for-letter. Translated on this server by our own braille engine (BRF — Braille Ready Format, Library of Congress fdd000551). View Grade 2 instead.

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157,098 braille cells · 167 embossed pages at 40×25 · 15 unrepresentable characters omitted

⠊⠍⠏⠕⠗⠞⠁⠝⠞⠀⠎⠞⠥⠙⠽⠀⠠⠊⠀⠝⠕⠺⠀⠞⠥⠗⠝⠲⠀⠀⠠⠛⠊⠧⠊⠝⠛⠀
⠋⠁⠊⠇⠎⠀⠞⠕⠀⠗⠑⠁⠉⠓⠀⠞⠓⠑⠀⠁⠇⠞⠗⠥⠊⠎⠍⠀⠊⠞⠀⠎⠑⠑⠅⠎⠀
⠃⠑⠉⠁⠥⠎⠑⠀⠊⠞⠎⠀⠛⠑⠝⠑⠗⠕⠎⠊⠞⠽⠀⠊⠎⠀⠉⠕⠝⠋⠊⠝⠑⠙⠀⠞⠕⠀
⠕⠝⠑⠀⠕⠋⠀⠞⠓⠑⠀⠞⠺⠕⠀⠏⠁⠗⠞⠊⠑⠎⠀⠑⠝⠛⠁⠛⠑⠙⠂⠀⠺⠓⠊⠇⠑⠀⠞⠕
⠀⠞⠓⠑⠀⠕⠞⠓⠑⠗⠀⠊⠎⠀⠁⠎⠎⠊⠛⠝⠑⠙⠀⠞⠓⠑⠀⠊⠝⠋⠑⠗⠊⠕⠗⠀
⠏⠕⠎⠊⠞⠊⠕⠝⠀⠕⠋⠀⠑⠛⠕⠊⠎⠞⠊⠉⠀⠗⠑⠉⠑⠊⠧⠑⠗⠲⠀⠠⠃⠥⠞⠀⠊⠎⠀
⠞⠓⠊⠎⠀⠝⠑⠉⠑⠎⠎⠁⠗⠽⠦⠀⠠⠍⠁⠽⠀⠺⠑⠀⠝⠕⠞⠀⠉⠕⠝⠉⠑⠊⠧⠑⠀⠕⠋⠀
⠁⠀⠛⠊⠋⠞⠀⠺⠊⠞⠓⠕⠥⠞⠀⠞⠓⠊⠎⠀⠃⠇⠑⠍⠊⠎⠓⠂⠀⠁⠀⠛⠊⠧⠊⠝⠛⠀⠊⠝
⠀⠺⠓⠊⠉⠓⠀⠑⠁⠉⠓⠀⠎⠊⠙⠑⠀⠛⠊⠧⠑⠎⠀⠞⠕⠀⠞⠓⠑⠀⠕⠞⠓⠑⠗⠂⠀
⠞⠓⠥⠎⠀⠚⠕⠊⠝⠊⠝⠛⠀⠛⠊⠧⠊⠝⠛⠀⠁⠝⠙⠀⠛⠑⠞⠞⠊⠝⠛⠂⠀⠁⠝⠙⠀
⠁⠃⠕⠇⠊⠎⠓⠊⠝⠛⠀⠁⠇⠇⠀⠊⠝⠋⠑⠗⠊⠕⠗⠊⠞⠽⠦⠀⠠⠞⠕⠀⠎⠓⠕⠺⠀⠓⠕⠺
⠀⠞⠓⠊⠎⠀⠍⠁⠽⠀⠃⠑⠀⠠⠊⠀⠁⠍⠀⠕⠃⠇⠊⠛⠑⠙⠀⠞⠕⠀⠑⠝⠞⠑⠗⠀⠊⠝⠞⠕
⠀⠍⠕⠗⠑⠀⠙⠑⠞⠁⠊⠇⠀⠞⠓⠁⠝⠀⠊⠝⠀⠑⠭⠏⠇⠁⠊⠝⠊⠝⠛⠀⠎⠊⠍⠏⠇⠑⠗⠀
⠍⠕⠗⠁⠇⠀⠎⠊⠞⠥⠁⠞⠊⠕⠝⠎⠲⠀⠠⠊⠀⠺⠊⠇⠇⠂⠀⠁⠉⠉⠕⠗⠙⠊⠝⠛⠇⠽⠂⠀
⠕⠋⠋⠑⠗⠀⠁⠀⠛⠑⠝⠑⠗⠁⠇⠀⠙⠑⠋⠊⠝⠊⠞⠊⠕⠝⠀⠕⠋⠀⠍⠥⠞⠥⠁⠇⠊⠞⠽⠀
⠁⠝⠙⠀⠞⠓⠑⠝⠀⠞⠁⠅⠑⠀⠥⠏⠀⠞⠓⠑⠀⠎⠥⠉⠉⠑⠎⠎⠊⠧⠑⠇⠽⠀
⠉⠕⠍⠏⠇⠑⠞⠑⠗⠀⠋⠕⠗⠍⠎⠀⠊⠝⠀⠺⠓⠊⠉⠓⠀⠊⠞⠀⠊⠎⠀⠗⠑⠁⠇⠊⠵⠑⠙⠲
⠀⠀⠠⠃⠽⠀⠍⠥⠞⠥⠁⠇⠊⠞⠽⠂⠀⠞⠓⠑⠝⠂⠀⠠⠊⠀⠍⠑⠁⠝⠀⠞⠓⠑⠀
⠗⠑⠉⠕⠛⠝⠊⠞⠊⠕⠝⠀⠕⠋⠀⠁⠝⠕⠞⠓⠑⠗⠀⠁⠝⠙⠀⠍⠽⠎⠑⠇⠋⠀⠁⠎⠀
⠊⠝⠎⠑⠏⠁⠗⠁⠃⠇⠑⠀⠑⠇⠑⠍⠑⠝⠞⠎⠀⠕⠋⠀⠕⠝⠑⠀⠁⠝⠕⠞⠓⠑⠗⠂⠀
⠑⠁⠉⠓⠀⠃⠑⠊⠝⠛⠀⠑⠎⠎⠑⠝⠞⠊⠁⠇⠀⠞⠕⠀⠞⠓⠑⠀⠺⠑⠇⠋⠁⠗⠑⠀⠕⠋⠀
⠑⠁⠉⠓⠲⠀⠠⠞⠓⠊⠎⠀⠙⠥⠁⠇⠊⠞⠽⠀⠕⠋⠀⠛⠊⠧⠊⠝⠛⠀⠓⠁⠎⠀⠁⠇⠺⠁⠽⠎
⠀⠃⠑⠑⠝⠀⠗⠑⠉⠕⠛⠝⠊⠵⠑⠙⠀⠁⠎⠀⠑⠝⠝⠕⠃⠇⠊⠝⠛⠲⠀⠠⠑⠧⠑⠝⠀
⠠⠚⠑⠎⠥⠎⠀⠙⠊⠙⠀⠝⠕⠞⠀⠎⠑⠑⠅⠀⠎⠊⠍⠏⠇⠽⠀⠞⠕⠀⠛⠊⠧⠑⠂⠀⠃⠥⠞⠀
⠞⠕⠀⠊⠝⠙⠥⠉⠑⠀⠊⠝⠀⠞⠓⠕⠎⠑⠀⠞⠕⠀⠺⠓⠕⠍⠀⠓⠑⠀⠛⠁⠧⠑⠀⠁⠀

These are the same pages the .brf download embosses — form-feed breaks and all. BRF opens in braille software (Duxbury, BrailleBlaster), on embossers, and on refreshable displays.