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Altruism: Its Nature and Varieties ⠃⠗⠋ braille edition

Grade 1 — uncontracted, letter-for-letter. Translated on this server by our own braille engine (BRF — Braille Ready Format, Library of Congress fdd000551). View Grade 2 instead.

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157,098 braille cells · 167 embossed pages at 40×25 · 15 unrepresentable characters omitted

⠁⠙⠧⠑⠗⠎⠁⠗⠽⠂⠀⠁⠝⠙⠀⠇⠑⠁⠧⠑⠀⠞⠓⠑⠀⠟⠥⠑⠎⠞⠊⠕⠝⠀⠍⠕⠗⠑⠀
⠊⠝⠧⠕⠇⠧⠑⠙⠀⠞⠓⠁⠝⠀⠞⠓⠑⠽⠀⠋⠕⠥⠝⠙⠀⠊⠞⠲⠴⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀
⠠⠠⠉⠓⠁⠏⠞⠑⠗⠀⠠⠧⠀⠀⠠⠠⠍⠥⠞⠥⠁⠇⠊⠞⠽⠀⠀⠀⠠⠺⠑⠀⠓⠁⠧⠑⠀⠝⠕⠺
⠀⠉⠇⠑⠁⠗⠇⠽⠀⠃⠑⠋⠕⠗⠑⠀⠥⠎⠀⠞⠓⠑⠀⠞⠺⠕⠀⠊⠍⠏⠑⠗⠋⠑⠉⠞⠀
⠧⠁⠗⠊⠑⠞⠊⠑⠎⠀⠕⠋⠀⠁⠇⠞⠗⠥⠊⠎⠍⠲⠀⠠⠺⠓⠊⠇⠑⠀⠃⠕⠞⠓⠀
⠗⠑⠉⠕⠛⠝⠊⠵⠑⠀⠁⠝⠙⠀⠓⠕⠝⠕⠗⠀⠍⠁⠝⠄⠎⠀⠗⠑⠇⠁⠞⠊⠕⠝⠀⠞⠕⠀
⠍⠁⠝⠂⠀⠋⠗⠕⠍⠀⠝⠑⠊⠞⠓⠑⠗⠀⠊⠎⠀⠗⠑⠛⠁⠗⠙⠀⠋⠕⠗⠀⠞⠓⠑⠀
⠎⠑⠏⠁⠗⠁⠞⠑⠀⠎⠑⠇⠋⠀⠑⠭⠉⠇⠥⠙⠑⠙⠲⠀⠠⠑⠁⠉⠓⠀⠍⠁⠽⠀⠁⠎⠀
⠺⠑⠇⠇⠀⠃⠑⠀⠏⠗⠕⠍⠏⠞⠑⠙⠀⠃⠽⠀⠁⠝⠀⠑⠛⠕⠊⠎⠞⠊⠉⠀⠁⠊⠍⠀⠁⠎⠀
⠃⠽⠀⠁⠝⠀⠁⠇⠞⠗⠥⠊⠎⠞⠊⠉⠲⠀⠠⠋⠕⠗⠀⠞⠓⠕⠥⠛⠓⠀⠊⠝⠀⠍⠁⠝⠝⠑⠗⠎
⠀⠺⠑⠀⠍⠊⠝⠥⠞⠑⠇⠽⠀⠉⠕⠝⠎⠊⠙⠑⠗⠀⠓⠕⠺⠀⠺⠑⠀⠍⠁⠽⠀⠎⠁⠧⠑⠀
⠁⠝⠕⠞⠓⠑⠗⠀⠋⠗⠕⠍⠀⠁⠝⠝⠕⠽⠁⠝⠉⠑⠀⠊⠞⠀⠊⠎⠀⠁⠇⠺⠁⠽⠎⠀⠺⠊⠞⠓
⠀⠞⠓⠑⠀⠥⠝⠙⠑⠗⠎⠞⠁⠝⠙⠊⠝⠛⠀⠞⠓⠁⠞⠀⠺⠑⠀⠁⠗⠑⠀⠞⠓⠥⠎⠀
⠕⠥⠗⠎⠑⠇⠧⠑⠎⠀⠏⠗⠕⠞⠑⠉⠞⠑⠙⠲⠀⠠⠝⠕⠗⠀⠙⠕⠑⠎⠀⠛⠊⠧⠊⠝⠛⠀
⠑⠎⠉⠁⠏⠑⠀⠁⠀⠎⠊⠍⠊⠇⠁⠗⠀⠎⠑⠇⠋⠤⠗⠑⠛⠁⠗⠙⠲⠀⠠⠺⠑⠀⠉⠁⠝⠝⠕⠞
⠀⠍⠁⠅⠑⠀⠁⠀⠛⠊⠋⠞⠀⠺⠊⠞⠓⠕⠥⠞⠀⠊⠍⠏⠇⠽⠊⠝⠛⠀⠞⠓⠁⠞⠀⠞⠓⠑⠀
⠗⠑⠉⠑⠊⠧⠑⠗⠀⠓⠁⠎⠀⠝⠕⠀⠗⠊⠛⠓⠞⠀⠞⠕⠀⠊⠞⠂⠀⠺⠊⠞⠓⠕⠥⠞⠀
⠃⠗⠊⠝⠛⠊⠝⠛⠀⠓⠊⠍⠀⠊⠝⠞⠕⠀⠙⠑⠏⠑⠝⠙⠑⠝⠉⠑⠂⠀⠞⠓⠑⠗⠑⠋⠕⠗⠑⠂
⠀⠕⠝⠀⠕⠥⠗⠀⠺⠊⠇⠇⠀⠁⠎⠀⠓⠊⠎⠀⠎⠥⠏⠑⠗⠊⠕⠗⠲⠀⠠⠛⠊⠧⠊⠝⠛⠂⠀
⠞⠕⠕⠂⠀⠉⠁⠝⠀⠕⠝⠇⠽⠀⠊⠝⠞⠑⠗⠍⠊⠞⠞⠑⠝⠞⠇⠽⠀⠞⠁⠅⠑⠀⠞⠓⠑⠀
⠏⠇⠁⠉⠑⠀⠕⠋⠀⠁⠞⠞⠑⠝⠞⠊⠕⠝⠀⠞⠕⠀⠕⠥⠗⠀⠕⠺⠝⠀⠛⠕⠕⠙⠲⠀⠠⠊⠞⠀
⠺⠕⠥⠇⠙⠀⠑⠭⠓⠁⠥⠎⠞⠀⠊⠞⠎⠑⠇⠋⠀⠕⠞⠓⠑⠗⠺⠊⠎⠑⠲⠀⠠⠚⠑⠎⠥⠎⠀
⠊⠎⠀⠗⠑⠏⠕⠗⠞⠑⠙⠀⠞⠕⠀⠓⠁⠧⠑⠀⠎⠏⠑⠝⠞⠀⠞⠓⠊⠗⠞⠽⠀⠽⠑⠁⠗⠎⠀
⠊⠝⠀⠁⠉⠟⠥⠊⠎⠊⠞⠊⠕⠝⠂⠀⠇⠑⠎⠎⠀⠞⠓⠁⠝⠀⠞⠓⠗⠑⠑⠀⠊⠝⠀
⠃⠑⠝⠑⠋⠁⠉⠞⠊⠕⠝⠲⠀⠠⠊⠝⠙⠑⠑⠙⠂⠀⠥⠝⠇⠑⠎⠎⠀⠺⠑⠀⠓⠑⠁⠗⠞⠊⠇⠽

These are the same pages the .brf download embosses — form-feed breaks and all. BRF opens in braille software (Duxbury, BrailleBlaster), on embossers, and on refreshable displays.