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Altruism: Its Nature and Varieties ⠃⠗⠋ braille edition

Grade 1 — uncontracted, letter-for-letter. Translated on this server by our own braille engine (BRF — Braille Ready Format, Library of Congress fdd000551). View Grade 2 instead.

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157,098 braille cells · 167 embossed pages at 40×25 · 15 unrepresentable characters omitted

⠊⠎⠀⠝⠕⠀⠙⠊⠎⠛⠗⠁⠉⠑⠀⠞⠕⠀⠉⠕⠝⠋⠑⠎⠎⠀⠊⠝⠋⠑⠗⠊⠕⠗⠊⠞⠽⠀
⠁⠝⠙⠀⠇⠑⠁⠝⠀⠕⠝⠀⠁⠀⠎⠥⠏⠏⠕⠗⠞⠊⠝⠛⠀⠁⠗⠍⠲⠀⠠⠕⠝⠇⠽⠀⠺⠑⠀
⠍⠥⠎⠞⠀⠊⠝⠎⠊⠎⠞⠀⠞⠓⠁⠞⠀⠁⠎⠀⠎⠞⠗⠑⠝⠛⠞⠓⠀⠗⠑⠞⠥⠗⠝⠎⠀⠞⠓⠑
⠀⠁⠗⠍⠀⠃⠑⠀⠺⠊⠞⠓⠙⠗⠁⠺⠝⠲⠀⠠⠏⠑⠗⠍⠁⠝⠑⠝⠞⠀⠊⠝⠧⠁⠇⠊⠙⠊⠎⠍
⠀⠊⠎⠀⠁⠝⠀⠊⠝⠎⠊⠙⠊⠕⠥⠎⠀⠙⠁⠝⠛⠑⠗⠲⠀⠠⠞⠓⠑⠀⠎⠑⠉⠕⠝⠙⠀⠁⠝⠙
⠀⠃⠑⠎⠞⠀⠁⠉⠉⠗⠑⠙⠊⠞⠑⠙⠀⠛⠗⠕⠥⠝⠙⠀⠋⠕⠗⠀⠞⠁⠅⠊⠝⠛⠀⠍⠕⠝⠑⠽
⠀⠓⠕⠝⠕⠗⠁⠃⠇⠽⠀⠊⠎⠀⠞⠓⠁⠞⠀⠕⠋⠀⠍⠕⠝⠑⠽⠀⠑⠁⠗⠝⠑⠙⠲⠀
⠠⠓⠑⠗⠑⠀⠠⠊⠀⠛⠊⠧⠑⠀⠁⠎⠀⠍⠥⠉⠓⠀⠁⠎⠀⠠⠊⠀⠗⠑⠉⠑⠊⠧⠑⠲⠀
⠠⠑⠁⠉⠓⠀⠕⠋⠀⠞⠓⠑⠀⠞⠺⠕⠀⠏⠁⠗⠞⠊⠑⠎⠀⠁⠞⠀⠎⠕⠍⠑⠀⠉⠕⠎⠞⠀
⠛⠑⠞⠎⠀⠺⠓⠁⠞⠀⠓⠑⠀⠙⠑⠎⠊⠗⠑⠎⠀⠁⠝⠙⠀⠑⠁⠉⠓⠀⠛⠊⠧⠑⠎⠀⠺⠊⠞⠓
⠀⠗⠑⠋⠑⠗⠑⠝⠉⠑⠀⠞⠕⠀⠁⠝⠕⠞⠓⠑⠗⠄⠎⠀⠝⠑⠑⠙⠲⠀⠠⠝⠕⠀⠙⠕⠥⠃⠞⠀
⠞⠓⠑⠗⠑⠀⠁⠗⠑⠀⠙⠑⠛⠗⠑⠑⠎⠀⠕⠋⠀⠙⠊⠛⠝⠊⠞⠽⠀⠊⠝⠀⠞⠓⠑⠀⠺⠕⠗⠅
⠀⠙⠕⠝⠑⠲⠀⠠⠊⠋⠀⠁⠎⠀⠁⠀⠏⠓⠽⠎⠊⠉⠊⠁⠝⠀⠠⠊⠀⠎⠑⠇⠇⠀
⠊⠝⠞⠑⠇⠇⠑⠉⠞⠥⠁⠇⠀⠏⠕⠺⠑⠗⠀⠁⠝⠙⠀⠎⠏⠑⠉⠊⠁⠇⠀
⠅⠝⠕⠺⠇⠑⠙⠛⠑⠂⠀⠠⠊⠀⠁⠍⠀⠝⠁⠞⠥⠗⠁⠇⠇⠽⠀⠓⠕⠝⠕⠗⠑⠙⠀⠍⠕⠗⠑⠀
⠞⠓⠁⠝⠀⠊⠋⠀⠁⠎⠀⠁⠀⠙⠁⠽⠀⠇⠁⠃⠕⠗⠑⠗⠀⠠⠊⠀⠎⠑⠇⠇⠀⠕⠝⠇⠽⠀
⠏⠓⠽⠎⠊⠉⠁⠇⠀⠑⠭⠑⠗⠞⠊⠕⠝⠲⠀⠠⠃⠥⠞⠀⠺⠕⠗⠅⠀⠁⠝⠙⠀⠺⠁⠛⠑⠎⠀
⠁⠗⠑⠀⠊⠝⠀⠞⠓⠑⠍⠎⠑⠇⠧⠑⠎⠀⠓⠕⠝⠕⠗⠁⠃⠇⠑⠂⠀⠎⠕⠀⠞⠓⠁⠞⠀⠊⠋⠀
⠞⠑⠝⠀⠉⠑⠝⠞⠎⠀⠊⠎⠀⠕⠋⠀⠍⠕⠗⠑⠀⠉⠕⠝⠎⠑⠟⠥⠑⠝⠉⠑⠀⠞⠕⠀⠍⠑⠀
⠞⠓⠁⠝⠀⠛⠑⠞⠞⠊⠝⠛⠀⠍⠽⠀⠓⠁⠝⠙⠎⠀⠙⠊⠗⠞⠽⠂⠀⠠⠊⠀⠁⠍⠀⠝⠕⠞⠀
⠙⠊⠎⠛⠗⠁⠉⠑⠙⠀⠃⠽⠀⠃⠇⠁⠉⠅⠊⠝⠛⠀⠁⠝⠕⠞⠓⠑⠗⠀⠍⠁⠝⠄⠎⠀
⠎⠓⠕⠑⠎⠲⠀⠀⠠⠁⠀⠞⠓⠊⠗⠙⠀⠉⠁⠎⠑⠀⠊⠎⠀⠕⠋⠀⠁⠇⠍⠕⠎⠞⠀⠑⠟⠥⠁⠇
⠀⠊⠍⠏⠕⠗⠞⠁⠝⠉⠑⠂⠀⠞⠓⠕⠥⠛⠓⠀⠍⠕⠗⠑⠀⠉⠕⠍⠏⠇⠊⠉⠁⠞⠑⠙⠀⠁⠝⠙
⠀⠍⠕⠗⠑⠀⠇⠊⠁⠃⠇⠑⠀⠞⠕⠀⠑⠗⠗⠕⠗⠲⠀⠠⠺⠑⠀⠍⠁⠽⠀⠁⠉⠉⠑⠏⠞⠀
⠍⠕⠝⠑⠽⠀⠊⠝⠀⠞⠗⠥⠎⠞⠂⠀⠗⠑⠉⠑⠊⠧⠊⠝⠛⠀⠊⠞⠀⠋⠗⠕⠍⠀⠁⠝⠀

These are the same pages the .brf download embosses — form-feed breaks and all. BRF opens in braille software (Duxbury, BrailleBlaster), on embossers, and on refreshable displays.