Skip to contentSkip to Braille Studio

Library / Ethics / Altruism: Its Nature and Varieties / Braille

Altruism: Its Nature and Varieties ⠃⠗⠋ braille edition

Grade 1 — uncontracted, letter-for-letter. Translated on this server by our own braille engine (BRF — Braille Ready Format, Library of Congress fdd000551). View Grade 2 instead.

Download .brf — Grade 2 Download .brf — Grade 1 Plain-text reader .txt

157,098 braille cells · 167 embossed pages at 40×25 · 15 unrepresentable characters omitted

⠕⠝⠑⠀⠺⠓⠕⠀⠺⠊⠇⠇⠀⠃⠑⠀⠁⠝⠀⠁⠇⠞⠕⠛⠑⠞⠓⠑⠗⠀⠓⠁⠏⠏⠽⠀
⠗⠑⠉⠑⠊⠧⠑⠗⠂⠀⠁⠀⠉⠕⠝⠞⠑⠝⠞⠑⠙⠀⠊⠝⠋⠑⠗⠊⠕⠗⠲⠀⠠⠕⠥⠗⠀⠁⠛⠑
⠀⠓⠁⠎⠀⠙⠊⠎⠉⠕⠧⠑⠗⠑⠙⠀⠞⠓⠊⠎⠀⠁⠝⠙⠀⠓⠁⠎⠀⠛⠗⠕⠺⠝⠀
⠗⠑⠎⠞⠊⠧⠑⠀⠕⠧⠑⠗⠀⠉⠓⠁⠗⠊⠞⠽⠲⠀⠠⠊⠞⠀⠺⠕⠥⠇⠙⠀⠎⠑⠑⠍⠀
⠞⠓⠁⠞⠀⠊⠝⠀⠏⠁⠎⠞⠀⠁⠛⠑⠎⠀⠞⠓⠕⠎⠑⠀⠺⠓⠕⠀⠇⠁⠉⠅⠑⠙⠀⠞⠓⠑⠀
⠞⠓⠊⠝⠛⠎⠀⠞⠓⠁⠞⠀⠍⠁⠅⠑⠀⠇⠊⠋⠑⠀⠺⠕⠗⠞⠓⠀⠇⠊⠧⠊⠝⠛⠀⠎⠞⠕⠕⠙
⠀⠺⠊⠞⠓⠀⠕⠥⠞⠎⠞⠗⠑⠞⠉⠓⠑⠙⠀⠓⠁⠝⠙⠎⠀⠞⠕⠀⠗⠑⠉⠑⠊⠧⠑⠀⠞⠓⠑⠍
⠀⠋⠗⠕⠍⠀⠞⠓⠑⠊⠗⠀⠗⠊⠛⠓⠞⠋⠥⠇⠀⠕⠺⠝⠑⠗⠎⠂⠀⠁⠝⠙⠀⠞⠓⠁⠞⠀
⠞⠓⠕⠎⠑⠀⠺⠓⠕⠀⠕⠺⠝⠑⠙⠀⠉⠕⠥⠝⠞⠑⠙⠀⠊⠞⠀⠁⠀⠏⠗⠑⠗⠕⠛⠁⠞⠊⠧⠑
⠀⠕⠋⠀⠞⠓⠑⠊⠗⠀⠎⠞⠁⠞⠊⠕⠝⠀⠞⠓⠥⠎⠀⠞⠕⠀⠁⠎⠎⠊⠎⠞⠀⠞⠓⠑⠊⠗⠀
⠊⠝⠋⠑⠗⠊⠕⠗⠎⠲⠀⠠⠃⠥⠞⠀⠞⠓⠊⠎⠀⠓⠥⠍⠃⠇⠑⠀⠁⠞⠞⠊⠞⠥⠙⠑⠀⠕⠋⠀
⠞⠓⠑⠀⠝⠑⠑⠙⠽⠀⠊⠎⠀⠙⠊⠎⠁⠏⠏⠑⠁⠗⠊⠝⠛⠂⠀⠞⠕⠛⠑⠞⠓⠑⠗⠀⠺⠊⠞⠓
⠀⠍⠁⠝⠽⠀⠕⠞⠓⠑⠗⠀⠞⠗⠁⠙⠊⠞⠊⠕⠝⠎⠀⠕⠋⠀⠁⠗⠊⠎⠞⠕⠉⠗⠁⠞⠊⠉⠀
⠙⠁⠽⠎⠲⠀⠠⠕⠥⠗⠀⠏⠕⠕⠗⠑⠗⠀⠉⠇⠁⠎⠎⠑⠎⠀⠝⠕⠺⠀⠓⠁⠧⠑⠀⠞⠕⠕⠀
⠍⠥⠉⠓⠀⠎⠑⠇⠋⠤⠗⠑⠎⠏⠑⠉⠞⠀⠞⠕⠀⠃⠑⠀⠁⠞⠀⠑⠁⠎⠑⠀⠊⠝⠀⠎⠥⠉⠓⠀
⠗⠑⠇⠁⠞⠊⠕⠝⠎⠲⠀⠠⠉⠑⠗⠞⠁⠊⠝⠇⠽⠀⠞⠓⠑⠀⠏⠕⠕⠗⠀⠞⠕⠤⠙⠁⠽⠀
⠁⠗⠑⠀⠧⠁⠎⠞⠇⠽⠀⠃⠑⠞⠞⠑⠗⠀⠕⠋⠋⠀⠞⠓⠁⠝⠀⠁⠞⠀⠁⠝⠽⠀⠕⠞⠓⠑⠗⠀
⠏⠑⠗⠊⠕⠙⠀⠕⠋⠀⠞⠓⠑⠀⠺⠕⠗⠇⠙⠄⠎⠀⠓⠊⠎⠞⠕⠗⠽⠂⠀⠽⠑⠞⠀⠝⠑⠧⠑⠗
⠀⠍⠕⠗⠑⠀⠙⠊⠎⠉⠕⠝⠞⠑⠝⠞⠑⠙⠲⠀⠠⠞⠓⠑⠀⠝⠑⠺⠀
⠎⠑⠇⠋⠤⠗⠑⠎⠏⠑⠉⠞⠀⠺⠓⠊⠉⠓⠀⠓⠁⠎⠀⠉⠕⠍⠑⠀⠺⠊⠞⠓⠀⠑⠁⠎⠊⠑⠗⠀
⠉⠕⠝⠙⠊⠞⠊⠕⠝⠎⠀⠍⠁⠅⠑⠎⠀⠞⠓⠑⠍⠀⠗⠑⠎⠑⠝⠞⠀⠉⠓⠁⠗⠊⠞⠽⠀⠁⠝⠙
⠀⠙⠑⠏⠑⠝⠙⠑⠝⠉⠑⠲⠀⠦⠠⠛⠊⠧⠑⠀⠥⠎⠀⠺⠓⠁⠞⠀⠃⠑⠇⠕⠝⠛⠎⠀⠞⠕⠀
⠥⠎⠂⠴⠀⠞⠓⠑⠽⠀⠎⠑⠑⠍⠀⠞⠕⠀⠎⠁⠽⠲⠀⠦⠠⠺⠑⠀⠺⠁⠝⠞⠀⠝⠕⠀
⠃⠑⠝⠑⠧⠕⠇⠑⠝⠉⠑⠲⠀⠠⠊⠋⠀⠁⠀⠃⠑⠞⠞⠑⠗⠀⠇⠊⠧⠊⠝⠛⠀⠎⠓⠕⠥⠇⠙⠀
⠃⠑⠀⠕⠥⠗⠎⠂⠀⠺⠑⠀⠺⠊⠇⠇⠀⠞⠁⠅⠑⠀⠊⠞⠀⠁⠎⠀⠕⠋⠀⠗⠊⠛⠓⠞⠀⠃⠥⠞

These are the same pages the .brf download embosses — form-feed breaks and all. BRF opens in braille software (Duxbury, BrailleBlaster), on embossers, and on refreshable displays.