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Altruism: Its Nature and Varieties ⠃⠗⠋ braille edition

Grade 1 — uncontracted, letter-for-letter. Translated on this server by our own braille engine (BRF — Braille Ready Format, Library of Congress fdd000551). View Grade 2 instead.

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157,098 braille cells · 167 embossed pages at 40×25 · 15 unrepresentable characters omitted

⠙⠊⠎⠉⠕⠧⠑⠗⠊⠝⠛⠀⠞⠓⠁⠞⠀⠓⠕⠝⠕⠗⠁⠃⠇⠑⠀⠁⠝⠙⠀
⠓⠊⠛⠓⠤⠍⠊⠝⠙⠑⠙⠀⠍⠑⠞⠓⠕⠙⠎⠀⠕⠋⠀⠉⠕⠝⠙⠥⠉⠞⠊⠝⠛⠀
⠃⠥⠎⠊⠝⠑⠎⠎⠀⠁⠗⠑⠀⠊⠝⠀⠞⠓⠑⠀⠇⠕⠝⠛⠀⠗⠥⠝⠀⠏⠗⠕⠋⠊⠞⠁⠃⠇⠑⠲
⠀⠠⠞⠓⠑⠀⠧⠑⠗⠽⠀⠉⠕⠍⠏⠑⠞⠊⠞⠊⠕⠝⠎⠀⠞⠓⠁⠞⠀⠁⠗⠊⠎⠑⠀⠁⠗⠑⠀
⠥⠎⠑⠋⠥⠇⠀⠏⠗⠕⠍⠕⠞⠑⠗⠎⠀⠕⠋⠀⠑⠋⠋⠊⠉⠊⠑⠝⠉⠽⠂⠀⠁⠝⠙⠀⠞⠓⠑⠀
⠛⠑⠝⠑⠗⠁⠇⠀⠛⠕⠧⠑⠗⠝⠍⠑⠝⠞⠀⠎⠞⠁⠝⠙⠎⠀⠗⠑⠁⠙⠽⠀⠊⠝⠀⠞⠓⠑⠀
⠃⠁⠉⠅⠛⠗⠕⠥⠝⠙⠀⠞⠕⠀⠋⠊⠭⠀⠇⠊⠍⠊⠞⠎⠀⠃⠑⠽⠕⠝⠙⠀⠺⠓⠊⠉⠓⠀
⠛⠗⠑⠑⠙⠀⠎⠓⠁⠇⠇⠀⠝⠕⠞⠀⠛⠕⠲⠀⠠⠞⠓⠑⠗⠑⠀⠁⠗⠑⠂⠀⠊⠝⠀
⠎⠓⠕⠗⠞⠂⠀⠍⠁⠝⠽⠀⠉⠊⠗⠉⠥⠍⠎⠞⠁⠝⠉⠑⠎⠀⠊⠝⠀⠞⠓⠑⠀⠇⠊⠋⠑⠀⠕⠋
⠀⠞⠗⠁⠙⠑⠀⠺⠓⠊⠉⠓⠀⠞⠕⠀⠁⠀⠛⠕⠕⠙⠀⠙⠑⠛⠗⠑⠑⠀⠝⠑⠥⠞⠗⠁⠇⠊⠵⠑
⠀⠞⠓⠑⠀⠇⠊⠍⠊⠞⠁⠞⠊⠕⠝⠎⠀⠺⠓⠊⠉⠓⠀⠠⠊⠀⠓⠁⠧⠑⠀⠏⠕⠊⠝⠞⠑⠙⠀
⠕⠥⠞⠀⠊⠝⠀⠊⠞⠎⠀⠁⠏⠏⠇⠊⠉⠁⠞⠊⠕⠝⠀⠕⠋⠀⠞⠓⠑⠀⠏⠗⠊⠝⠉⠊⠏⠇⠑⠀
⠕⠋⠀⠍⠥⠞⠥⠁⠇⠊⠞⠽⠲⠀⠀⠠⠞⠓⠁⠞⠀⠏⠗⠊⠝⠉⠊⠏⠇⠑⠂⠀⠞⠕⠕⠂⠀
⠗⠥⠝⠎⠀⠋⠁⠗⠀⠃⠑⠽⠕⠝⠙⠀⠞⠓⠑⠀⠋⠊⠑⠇⠙⠀⠕⠋⠀
⠏⠁⠗⠞⠝⠑⠗⠎⠓⠊⠏⠲⠀⠠⠏⠁⠗⠞⠝⠑⠗⠎⠓⠊⠏⠀⠃⠗⠊⠝⠛⠎⠀⠏⠑⠗⠎⠕⠝⠎
⠀⠊⠝⠞⠕⠀⠍⠥⠞⠥⠁⠇⠀⠗⠑⠇⠁⠞⠊⠕⠝⠎⠀⠕⠝⠇⠽⠀⠺⠊⠞⠓⠀
⠗⠑⠋⠑⠗⠑⠝⠉⠑⠀⠞⠕⠀⠉⠑⠗⠞⠁⠊⠝⠀⠑⠭⠞⠑⠗⠝⠁⠇⠀⠑⠝⠙⠎⠲⠀
⠠⠃⠗⠕⠺⠝⠀⠁⠝⠙⠀⠠⠊⠀⠚⠕⠊⠝⠑⠙⠀⠕⠝⠇⠽⠀⠞⠓⠕⠎⠑⠀
⠋⠗⠁⠛⠍⠑⠝⠞⠎⠀⠕⠋⠀⠕⠥⠗⠀⠇⠊⠧⠑⠎⠀⠺⠓⠊⠉⠓⠀⠺⠑⠗⠑⠀
⠉⠕⠝⠝⠑⠉⠞⠑⠙⠀⠺⠊⠞⠓⠀⠞⠓⠑⠀⠎⠁⠇⠑⠀⠕⠋⠀⠎⠓⠕⠑⠎⠲⠀⠠⠺⠑⠀
⠍⠊⠛⠓⠞⠀⠚⠕⠊⠝⠀⠑⠭⠞⠑⠝⠎⠊⠧⠑⠀⠏⠕⠗⠞⠊⠕⠝⠎⠂⠀⠍⠊⠛⠓⠞⠀
⠍⠑⠗⠛⠑⠀⠝⠕⠞⠀⠍⠑⠗⠑⠇⠽⠀⠕⠥⠗⠀⠕⠉⠉⠥⠏⠁⠞⠊⠕⠝⠎⠀⠃⠥⠞⠀⠁⠇⠇
⠀⠕⠥⠗⠀⠏⠑⠗⠎⠕⠝⠁⠇⠀⠊⠝⠞⠑⠗⠑⠎⠞⠎⠲⠀⠠⠊⠝⠀⠓⠊⠍⠀⠠⠊⠀
⠍⠊⠛⠓⠞⠀⠙⠊⠎⠉⠕⠧⠑⠗⠀⠺⠓⠁⠞⠀⠉⠕⠝⠞⠗⠊⠃⠥⠞⠑⠎⠀⠞⠕⠀⠍⠽⠀
⠃⠑⠎⠞⠀⠛⠗⠕⠺⠞⠓⠀⠁⠝⠙⠀⠓⠑⠀⠋⠊⠝⠙⠀⠝⠕⠀⠇⠑⠎⠎⠀⠊⠝⠀⠍⠑⠲⠀

These are the same pages the .brf download embosses — form-feed breaks and all. BRF opens in braille software (Duxbury, BrailleBlaster), on embossers, and on refreshable displays.