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Altruism: Its Nature and Varieties ⠃⠗⠋ braille edition

Grade 1 — uncontracted, letter-for-letter. Translated on this server by our own braille engine (BRF — Braille Ready Format, Library of Congress fdd000551). View Grade 2 instead.

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157,098 braille cells · 167 embossed pages at 40×25 · 15 unrepresentable characters omitted

⠇⠕⠝⠛⠀⠁⠎⠀⠞⠓⠑⠀⠎⠓⠕⠑⠀⠃⠥⠎⠊⠝⠑⠎⠎⠀⠋⠇⠕⠥⠗⠊⠎⠓⠑⠙⠂⠀
⠁⠝⠙⠀⠎⠞⠊⠇⠇⠀⠇⠑⠎⠎⠀⠝⠑⠑⠙⠀⠺⠑⠀⠉⠁⠗⠑⠀⠊⠋⠀⠕⠥⠗⠀
⠏⠗⠕⠎⠏⠑⠗⠊⠞⠽⠀⠉⠗⠕⠺⠙⠑⠙⠀⠕⠥⠞⠀⠕⠋⠀⠑⠭⠊⠎⠞⠑⠝⠉⠑⠀⠞⠓⠑⠀
⠎⠓⠕⠑⠀⠎⠞⠕⠗⠑⠀⠕⠝⠀⠞⠓⠑⠀⠕⠏⠏⠕⠎⠊⠞⠑⠀⠎⠊⠙⠑⠀⠕⠋⠀⠞⠓⠑⠀
⠎⠞⠗⠑⠑⠞⠲⠀⠠⠎⠥⠉⠓⠀⠉⠇⠑⠁⠗⠀⠇⠊⠍⠊⠞⠁⠞⠊⠕⠝⠀⠕⠋⠀⠁⠝⠀
⠁⠇⠞⠗⠥⠊⠎⠞⠊⠉⠀⠓⠕⠗⠊⠵⠕⠝⠀⠊⠎⠀⠁⠇⠺⠁⠽⠎⠀⠙⠁⠝⠛⠑⠗⠕⠥⠎⠲⠀
⠠⠊⠝⠀⠍⠁⠝⠽⠀⠗⠑⠎⠞⠗⠊⠉⠞⠑⠙⠀⠥⠝⠊⠕⠝⠎⠀⠞⠓⠑⠀⠙⠁⠝⠛⠑⠗⠀⠊⠎
⠀⠝⠕⠞⠊⠉⠑⠁⠃⠇⠑⠲⠀⠠⠁⠀⠋⠁⠍⠊⠇⠽⠀⠺⠁⠗⠍⠇⠽⠀
⠉⠕⠝⠎⠊⠙⠑⠗⠁⠞⠑⠀⠕⠋⠀⠊⠞⠎⠀⠕⠺⠝⠀⠍⠑⠍⠃⠑⠗⠎⠀⠕⠋⠞⠑⠝⠀
⠎⠓⠕⠺⠎⠀⠎⠍⠁⠇⠇⠀⠎⠽⠍⠏⠁⠞⠓⠽⠀⠋⠕⠗⠀⠏⠑⠗⠎⠕⠝⠎⠀⠃⠑⠽⠕⠝⠙⠀
⠊⠞⠎⠀⠃⠕⠥⠝⠙⠎⠲⠀⠠⠁⠀⠃⠁⠇⠇⠀⠉⠇⠥⠃⠂⠀⠁⠀⠎⠑⠉⠗⠑⠞⠀
⠎⠕⠉⠊⠑⠞⠽⠀⠺⠊⠇⠇⠀⠏⠗⠁⠉⠞⠊⠎⠑⠀⠞⠗⠊⠉⠅⠑⠗⠊⠑⠎⠀⠕⠝⠀
⠕⠞⠓⠑⠗⠀⠇⠑⠁⠛⠥⠑⠎⠀⠺⠓⠊⠉⠓⠀⠞⠓⠑⠊⠗⠀⠍⠑⠍⠃⠑⠗⠎⠀⠁⠎⠀
⠊⠝⠙⠊⠧⠊⠙⠥⠁⠇⠎⠀⠺⠕⠥⠇⠙⠀⠎⠉⠕⠗⠝⠲⠀⠠⠊⠝⠀⠞⠗⠁⠙⠑⠂⠀⠞⠕⠕⠂
⠀⠞⠓⠑⠀⠍⠁⠞⠞⠑⠗⠀⠊⠎⠀⠍⠁⠙⠑⠀⠺⠕⠗⠎⠑⠀⠃⠽⠀⠁⠀⠎⠑⠉⠕⠝⠙⠀
⠇⠊⠍⠊⠞⠁⠞⠊⠕⠝⠲⠀⠠⠍⠽⠀⠏⠁⠗⠞⠝⠑⠗⠀⠁⠝⠙⠀⠠⠊⠀
⠥⠝⠙⠑⠗⠎⠞⠁⠝⠙⠀⠞⠓⠁⠞⠀⠕⠥⠗⠀⠍⠥⠞⠥⠁⠇⠊⠞⠽⠀⠕⠏⠑⠗⠁⠞⠑⠎⠀
⠕⠝⠇⠽⠀⠺⠊⠞⠓⠀⠗⠑⠋⠑⠗⠑⠝⠉⠑⠀⠞⠕⠀⠞⠓⠑⠀⠎⠁⠇⠑⠀⠕⠋⠀
⠎⠓⠕⠑⠎⠲⠀⠠⠺⠑⠀⠙⠕⠀⠝⠕⠞⠀⠍⠑⠗⠛⠑⠀⠕⠥⠗⠀⠇⠊⠧⠑⠎⠲⠀⠠⠺⠑⠀
⠅⠑⠑⠏⠀⠁⠀⠎⠓⠁⠗⠏⠀⠇⠊⠝⠑⠀⠙⠗⠁⠺⠝⠀⠃⠑⠞⠺⠑⠑⠝⠀⠞⠓⠑⠍⠀⠁⠝⠙
⠀⠕⠥⠗⠀⠃⠥⠎⠊⠝⠑⠎⠎⠲⠀⠠⠏⠕⠎⠎⠊⠃⠇⠽⠀⠑⠝⠕⠥⠛⠓⠀⠠⠊⠀⠍⠁⠽⠀
⠓⠁⠧⠑⠀⠇⠊⠞⠞⠇⠑⠀⠗⠑⠎⠏⠑⠉⠞⠀⠋⠕⠗⠀⠠⠃⠗⠕⠺⠝⠲⠀⠠⠁⠎⠀⠁⠀
⠏⠑⠗⠎⠕⠝⠀⠠⠊⠀⠍⠁⠽⠀⠞⠓⠊⠝⠅⠀⠎⠕⠀⠍⠑⠁⠝⠇⠽⠀⠕⠋⠀⠓⠊⠍⠀
⠞⠓⠁⠞⠀⠺⠓⠑⠝⠀⠓⠑⠀⠎⠥⠛⠛⠑⠎⠞⠎⠀⠃⠑⠊⠝⠛⠀⠁⠎⠅⠑⠙⠀⠞⠕⠀⠍⠽⠀
⠓⠕⠥⠎⠑⠀⠁⠝⠙⠀⠍⠑⠑⠞⠊⠝⠛⠀⠍⠽⠀⠺⠊⠋⠑⠀⠁⠝⠙⠀⠉⠓⠊⠇⠙⠗⠑⠝⠀

These are the same pages the .brf download embosses — form-feed breaks and all. BRF opens in braille software (Duxbury, BrailleBlaster), on embossers, and on refreshable displays.