Skip to contentSkip to Braille Studio

Library / Physics / An Account of the Late Improvements in Galvanism / Braille

An Account of the Late Improvements in Galvanism ⠃⠗⠋ braille edition

Grade 1 — uncontracted, letter-for-letter. Translated on this server by our own braille engine (BRF — Braille Ready Format, Library of Congress fdd000551). View Grade 2 instead.

Download .brf — Grade 2 Download .brf — Grade 1 Plain-text reader .txt

295,890 braille cells · 314 embossed pages at 40×25 · 377 unrepresentable characters omitted

⠉⠕⠍⠍⠥⠝⠊⠉⠁⠞⠊⠕⠝⠀⠺⠊⠞⠓⠀⠞⠓⠑⠀⠺⠊⠗⠑⠎⠀⠁⠏⠏⠇⠊⠑⠙⠀⠞⠕⠀
⠞⠓⠑⠀⠑⠁⠗⠎⠲⠀⠠⠃⠽⠀⠞⠓⠑⠎⠑⠀⠍⠑⠁⠝⠎⠀⠠⠊⠀⠕⠃⠞⠁⠊⠝⠑⠙⠀
⠉⠕⠝⠞⠗⠁⠉⠞⠊⠕⠝⠎⠂⠀⠃⠥⠞⠀⠺⠑⠁⠅⠑⠗⠀⠞⠓⠁⠝⠀⠞⠓⠕⠎⠑⠀
⠏⠗⠕⠙⠥⠉⠑⠙⠀⠃⠽⠀⠞⠓⠑⠀⠏⠊⠇⠑⠆⠀⠁⠝⠙⠀⠠⠊⠀⠁⠇⠺⠁⠽⠎⠀
⠕⠃⠎⠑⠗⠧⠑⠙⠀⠞⠓⠑⠀⠎⠁⠍⠑⠀⠗⠑⠎⠥⠇⠞⠀⠊⠝⠀⠕⠞⠓⠑⠗⠀
⠺⠁⠗⠍⠤⠃⠇⠕⠕⠙⠑⠙⠀⠁⠝⠊⠍⠁⠇⠎⠲⠀⠀⠀⠠⠠⠑⠭⠏⠑⠗⠊⠍⠑⠝⠞⠀
⠠⠠⠧⠊⠊⠊⠲⠀⠀⠠⠓⠁⠧⠊⠝⠛⠀⠗⠑⠏⠑⠁⠞⠑⠙⠀⠞⠓⠑⠀⠎⠁⠍⠑⠀
⠑⠭⠏⠑⠗⠊⠍⠑⠝⠞⠎⠀⠕⠝⠀⠇⠊⠧⠑⠀⠉⠓⠊⠉⠅⠑⠝⠎⠂⠀⠠⠊⠀⠋⠕⠥⠝⠙⠂⠀
⠞⠕⠀⠍⠽⠀⠛⠗⠑⠁⠞⠀⠎⠥⠗⠏⠗⠊⠎⠑⠂⠀⠝⠕⠞⠺⠊⠞⠓⠎⠞⠁⠝⠙⠊⠝⠛⠀
⠞⠓⠑⠀⠺⠑⠁⠅⠝⠑⠎⠎⠀⠕⠋⠀⠞⠓⠑⠊⠗⠀⠕⠗⠛⠁⠝⠊⠵⠁⠞⠊⠕⠝⠂⠀⠞⠓⠁⠞
⠀⠞⠓⠑⠽⠀⠎⠥⠎⠞⠁⠊⠝⠑⠙⠀⠺⠊⠞⠓⠀⠋⠊⠗⠍⠝⠑⠎⠎⠀⠞⠓⠑⠀
⠎⠞⠗⠕⠝⠛⠑⠎⠞⠀⠎⠓⠕⠉⠅⠎⠂⠀⠉⠕⠍⠍⠥⠝⠊⠉⠁⠞⠑⠙⠀⠎⠑⠧⠑⠗⠁⠇⠀
⠞⠊⠍⠑⠎⠂⠀⠺⠊⠞⠓⠀⠁⠀⠏⠊⠇⠑⠀⠉⠕⠍⠏⠕⠎⠑⠙⠀⠕⠋⠀⠋⠊⠋⠞⠽⠀
⠏⠇⠁⠞⠑⠎⠀⠕⠋⠀⠎⠊⠇⠧⠑⠗⠀⠁⠝⠙⠀⠵⠊⠝⠉⠲⠀⠠⠞⠓⠕⠥⠛⠓⠀
⠁⠏⠏⠁⠗⠑⠝⠞⠇⠽⠀⠙⠑⠚⠑⠉⠞⠑⠙⠂⠀⠁⠝⠙⠀⠁⠇⠍⠕⠎⠞⠀⠕⠝⠀⠞⠓⠑⠀
⠏⠕⠊⠝⠞⠀⠕⠋⠀⠑⠭⠏⠊⠗⠊⠝⠛⠂⠤⠤⠁⠎⠀⠎⠕⠕⠝⠀⠁⠎⠀⠠⠊⠀
⠊⠝⠞⠑⠗⠗⠥⠏⠞⠑⠙⠀⠞⠓⠑⠀⠁⠉⠞⠊⠕⠝⠀⠕⠋⠀⠞⠓⠑⠀⠏⠊⠇⠑⠂⠀⠞⠓⠑⠽
⠀⠋⠇⠥⠞⠞⠑⠗⠑⠙⠀⠞⠓⠑⠊⠗⠀⠺⠊⠝⠛⠎⠂⠀⠁⠝⠙⠀⠎⠑⠑⠍⠑⠙⠀⠞⠕⠀
⠉⠕⠝⠛⠗⠁⠞⠥⠇⠁⠞⠑⠀⠞⠓⠑⠍⠎⠑⠇⠧⠑⠎⠀⠕⠝⠀⠞⠓⠑⠊⠗⠀⠑⠎⠉⠁⠏⠑⠀
⠋⠗⠕⠍⠀⠙⠁⠝⠛⠑⠗⠲⠀⠀⠠⠞⠓⠑⠀⠉⠥⠗⠊⠕⠎⠊⠞⠽⠀⠝⠁⠞⠥⠗⠁⠇⠀⠞⠕⠀
⠁⠀⠏⠓⠊⠇⠕⠎⠕⠏⠓⠑⠗⠀⠊⠝⠙⠥⠉⠑⠙⠀⠍⠑⠀⠞⠕⠀⠎⠥⠃⠚⠑⠉⠞⠀
⠞⠓⠑⠎⠑⠀⠃⠊⠗⠙⠎⠀⠞⠕⠀⠁⠝⠁⠞⠕⠍⠊⠉⠁⠇⠀⠙⠊⠎⠎⠑⠉⠞⠊⠕⠝⠂⠀
⠞⠓⠁⠞⠀⠠⠊⠀⠍⠊⠛⠓⠞⠀⠑⠭⠁⠍⠊⠝⠑⠀⠺⠓⠁⠞⠀⠑⠋⠋⠑⠉⠞⠎⠀⠓⠁⠙⠀
⠃⠑⠑⠝⠀⠏⠗⠕⠙⠥⠉⠑⠙⠀⠕⠝⠀⠞⠓⠑⠀⠁⠝⠊⠍⠁⠇⠀⠍⠁⠉⠓⠊⠝⠑⠀⠃⠽⠀
⠞⠓⠑⠎⠑⠀⠉⠕⠝⠧⠥⠇⠎⠊⠕⠝⠎⠲⠀⠠⠞⠓⠑⠀⠏⠗⠊⠝⠉⠊⠏⠁⠇⠀

These are the same pages the .brf download embosses — form-feed breaks and all. BRF opens in braille software (Duxbury, BrailleBlaster), on embossers, and on refreshable displays.