Skip to contentSkip to Braille Studio

Library / Philosophy / The Critique of Practical Reason / Braille

The Critique of Practical Reason ⠃⠗⠋ braille edition

Grade 1 — uncontracted, letter-for-letter. Translated on this server by our own braille engine (BRF — Braille Ready Format, Library of Congress fdd000551). View Grade 2 instead.

Download .brf — Grade 2 Download .brf — Grade 1 Plain-text reader .txt

373,358 braille cells · 394 embossed pages at 40×25 · 603 unrepresentable characters omitted

⠞⠓⠁⠞⠀⠏⠗⠊⠝⠉⠊⠏⠇⠑⠂⠀⠁⠝⠙⠀⠊⠝⠀⠺⠓⠊⠉⠓⠀⠞⠓⠑⠗⠑⠋⠕⠗⠑⠀
⠊⠞⠀⠊⠎⠀⠊⠞⠎⠑⠇⠋⠀⠁⠎⠀⠏⠥⠗⠑⠀⠗⠑⠁⠎⠕⠝⠀⠏⠗⠁⠉⠞⠊⠉⠁⠇⠲⠀
⠠⠝⠕⠺⠂⠀⠞⠓⠊⠎⠀⠏⠗⠊⠝⠉⠊⠏⠇⠑⠀⠓⠁⠙⠀⠝⠕⠞⠀⠞⠕⠀⠃⠑⠀
⠎⠑⠁⠗⠉⠓⠑⠙⠀⠋⠕⠗⠀⠕⠗⠀⠙⠊⠎⠉⠕⠧⠑⠗⠑⠙⠆⠀⠊⠞⠀⠓⠁⠙⠀⠇⠕⠝⠛⠀
⠃⠑⠑⠝⠀⠊⠝⠀⠞⠓⠑⠀⠗⠑⠁⠎⠕⠝⠀⠕⠋⠀⠁⠇⠇⠀⠍⠑⠝⠂⠀⠁⠝⠙⠀
⠊⠝⠉⠕⠗⠏⠕⠗⠁⠞⠑⠙⠀⠊⠝⠀⠞⠓⠑⠊⠗⠀⠝⠁⠞⠥⠗⠑⠂⠀⠁⠝⠙⠀⠊⠎⠀⠞⠓⠑
⠀⠏⠗⠊⠝⠉⠊⠏⠇⠑⠀⠕⠋⠀⠍⠕⠗⠁⠇⠊⠞⠽⠲⠀⠠⠞⠓⠑⠗⠑⠋⠕⠗⠑⠂⠀⠞⠓⠁⠞
⠀⠥⠝⠉⠕⠝⠙⠊⠞⠊⠕⠝⠑⠙⠀⠉⠁⠥⠎⠁⠇⠊⠞⠽⠂⠀⠺⠊⠞⠓⠀⠞⠓⠑⠀
⠋⠁⠉⠥⠇⠞⠽⠀⠕⠋⠀⠊⠞⠂⠀⠝⠁⠍⠑⠇⠽⠂⠀⠋⠗⠑⠑⠙⠕⠍⠂⠀⠊⠎⠀⠝⠕⠀
⠇⠕⠝⠛⠑⠗⠀⠍⠑⠗⠑⠇⠽⠀⠊⠝⠙⠑⠋⠊⠝⠊⠞⠑⠇⠽⠀⠁⠝⠙⠀
⠏⠗⠕⠃⠇⠑⠍⠁⠞⠊⠉⠁⠇⠇⠽⠀⠞⠓⠕⠥⠛⠓⠞⠀⠶⠞⠓⠊⠎⠀
⠎⠏⠑⠉⠥⠇⠁⠞⠊⠧⠑⠀⠗⠑⠁⠎⠕⠝⠀⠉⠕⠥⠇⠙⠀⠏⠗⠕⠧⠑⠀⠞⠕⠀⠃⠑⠀
⠋⠑⠁⠎⠊⠃⠇⠑⠶⠂⠀⠃⠥⠞⠀⠊⠎⠀⠑⠧⠑⠝⠀⠁⠎⠀⠗⠑⠛⠁⠗⠙⠎⠀⠞⠓⠑⠀
⠇⠁⠺⠀⠕⠋⠀⠊⠞⠎⠀⠉⠁⠥⠎⠁⠇⠊⠞⠽⠀⠙⠑⠋⠊⠝⠊⠞⠑⠇⠽⠀⠁⠝⠙⠀
⠁⠎⠎⠑⠗⠞⠕⠗⠊⠁⠇⠇⠽⠀⠅⠝⠕⠺⠝⠆⠀⠁⠝⠙⠀⠺⠊⠞⠓⠀⠊⠞⠀⠞⠓⠑⠀
⠋⠁⠉⠞⠀⠞⠓⠁⠞⠀⠁⠀⠃⠑⠊⠝⠛⠀⠶⠠⠊⠀⠍⠽⠎⠑⠇⠋⠶⠂⠀⠃⠑⠇⠕⠝⠛⠊⠝⠛
⠀⠞⠕⠀⠞⠓⠑⠀⠺⠕⠗⠇⠙⠀⠕⠋⠀⠎⠑⠝⠎⠑⠂⠀⠃⠑⠇⠕⠝⠛⠎⠀⠁⠇⠎⠕⠀⠞⠕⠀
⠞⠓⠑⠀⠎⠥⠏⠑⠗⠎⠑⠝⠎⠊⠃⠇⠑⠀⠺⠕⠗⠇⠙⠂⠀⠞⠓⠊⠎⠀⠊⠎⠀⠁⠇⠎⠕⠀
⠏⠕⠎⠊⠞⠊⠧⠑⠇⠽⠀⠅⠝⠕⠺⠝⠂⠀⠁⠝⠙⠀⠞⠓⠥⠎⠀⠞⠓⠑⠀⠗⠑⠁⠇⠊⠞⠽⠀
⠕⠋⠀⠞⠓⠑⠀⠎⠥⠏⠑⠗⠎⠑⠝⠎⠊⠃⠇⠑⠀⠺⠕⠗⠇⠙⠀⠊⠎⠀
⠑⠎⠞⠁⠃⠇⠊⠎⠓⠑⠙⠀⠁⠝⠙⠀⠊⠝⠀⠏⠗⠁⠉⠞⠊⠉⠁⠇⠀⠗⠑⠎⠏⠑⠉⠞⠎⠀
⠙⠑⠋⠊⠝⠊⠞⠑⠇⠽⠀⠛⠊⠧⠑⠝⠂⠀⠁⠝⠙⠀⠞⠓⠊⠎⠀⠙⠑⠋⠊⠝⠊⠞⠑⠝⠑⠎⠎⠂
⠀⠺⠓⠊⠉⠓⠀⠋⠕⠗⠀⠞⠓⠑⠕⠗⠑⠞⠊⠉⠁⠇⠀⠏⠥⠗⠏⠕⠎⠑⠎⠀⠺⠕⠥⠇⠙⠀⠃⠑
⠀⠞⠗⠁⠝⠎⠉⠑⠝⠙⠑⠝⠞⠂⠀⠊⠎⠀⠋⠕⠗⠀⠏⠗⠁⠉⠞⠊⠉⠁⠇⠀⠏⠥⠗⠏⠕⠎⠑⠎
⠀⠊⠍⠍⠁⠝⠑⠝⠞⠲⠀⠠⠺⠑⠀⠉⠕⠥⠇⠙⠀⠝⠕⠞⠂⠀⠓⠕⠺⠑⠧⠑⠗⠂⠀⠍⠁⠅⠑⠀

These are the same pages the .brf download embosses — form-feed breaks and all. BRF opens in braille software (Duxbury, BrailleBlaster), on embossers, and on refreshable displays.