Skip to contentSkip to Braille Studio

Library / Philosophy / The Critique of Practical Reason / Braille

The Critique of Practical Reason ⠃⠗⠋ braille edition

Grade 1 — uncontracted, letter-for-letter. Translated on this server by our own braille engine (BRF — Braille Ready Format, Library of Congress fdd000551). View Grade 2 instead.

Download .brf — Grade 2 Download .brf — Grade 1 Plain-text reader .txt

373,358 braille cells · 394 embossed pages at 40×25 · 603 unrepresentable characters omitted

⠗⠑⠁⠎⠕⠝⠂⠀⠞⠓⠕⠥⠛⠓⠀⠊⠝⠑⠭⠏⠇⠊⠉⠁⠃⠇⠑⠂⠀⠺⠑⠀⠉⠁⠝⠀⠁⠇⠎⠕
⠀⠚⠥⠎⠞⠊⠋⠽⠀⠎⠕⠍⠑⠀⠚⠥⠙⠛⠑⠍⠑⠝⠞⠎⠀⠺⠓⠊⠉⠓⠀⠺⠑⠀⠏⠁⠎⠎⠑⠙
⠀⠺⠊⠞⠓⠀⠁⠇⠇⠀⠉⠕⠝⠎⠉⠊⠑⠝⠞⠊⠕⠥⠎⠝⠑⠎⠎⠂⠀⠁⠝⠙⠀⠺⠓⠊⠉⠓⠀
⠽⠑⠞⠀⠁⠞⠀⠋⠊⠗⠎⠞⠀⠎⠊⠛⠓⠞⠀⠎⠑⠑⠍⠀⠟⠥⠊⠞⠑⠀⠕⠏⠏⠕⠎⠑⠙⠀⠞⠕
⠀⠁⠇⠇⠀⠑⠟⠥⠊⠞⠽⠲⠀⠠⠞⠓⠑⠗⠑⠀⠁⠗⠑⠀⠉⠁⠎⠑⠎⠀⠊⠝⠀⠺⠓⠊⠉⠓⠀
⠍⠑⠝⠂⠀⠑⠧⠑⠝⠀⠺⠊⠞⠓⠀⠞⠓⠑⠀⠎⠁⠍⠑⠀⠑⠙⠥⠉⠁⠞⠊⠕⠝⠀⠺⠓⠊⠉⠓⠀
⠓⠁⠎⠀⠃⠑⠑⠝⠀⠏⠗⠕⠋⠊⠞⠁⠃⠇⠑⠀⠞⠕⠀⠕⠞⠓⠑⠗⠎⠂⠀⠽⠑⠞⠀⠎⠓⠕⠺⠀
⠎⠥⠉⠓⠀⠑⠁⠗⠇⠽⠀⠙⠑⠏⠗⠁⠧⠊⠞⠽⠂⠀⠁⠝⠙⠀⠎⠕⠀⠉⠕⠝⠞⠊⠝⠥⠑⠀⠞⠕
⠀⠏⠗⠕⠛⠗⠑⠎⠎⠀⠊⠝⠀⠊⠞⠀⠞⠕⠀⠽⠑⠁⠗⠎⠀⠕⠋⠀⠍⠁⠝⠓⠕⠕⠙⠂⠀
⠞⠓⠁⠞⠀⠞⠓⠑⠽⠀⠁⠗⠑⠀⠞⠓⠕⠥⠛⠓⠞⠀⠞⠕⠀⠃⠑⠀⠃⠕⠗⠝⠀
⠧⠊⠇⠇⠁⠊⠝⠎⠂⠀⠁⠝⠙⠀⠞⠓⠑⠊⠗⠀⠉⠓⠁⠗⠁⠉⠞⠑⠗⠀⠁⠇⠞⠕⠛⠑⠞⠓⠑⠗
⠀⠊⠝⠉⠁⠏⠁⠃⠇⠑⠀⠕⠋⠀⠊⠍⠏⠗⠕⠧⠑⠍⠑⠝⠞⠆⠀⠁⠝⠙⠀
⠝⠑⠧⠑⠗⠞⠓⠑⠇⠑⠎⠎⠀⠞⠓⠑⠽⠀⠁⠗⠑⠀⠚⠥⠙⠛⠑⠙⠀⠋⠕⠗⠀⠺⠓⠁⠞⠀
⠞⠓⠑⠽⠀⠙⠕⠀⠕⠗⠀⠇⠑⠁⠧⠑⠀⠥⠝⠙⠕⠝⠑⠂⠀⠞⠓⠑⠽⠀⠁⠗⠑⠀
⠗⠑⠏⠗⠕⠁⠉⠓⠑⠙⠀⠋⠕⠗⠀⠞⠓⠑⠊⠗⠀⠋⠁⠥⠇⠞⠎⠀⠁⠎⠀⠛⠥⠊⠇⠞⠽⠆⠀
⠝⠁⠽⠂⠀⠞⠓⠑⠽⠀⠞⠓⠑⠍⠎⠑⠇⠧⠑⠎⠀⠶⠞⠓⠑⠀⠉⠓⠊⠇⠙⠗⠑⠝⠶⠀
⠗⠑⠛⠁⠗⠙⠀⠞⠓⠑⠎⠑⠀⠗⠑⠏⠗⠕⠁⠉⠓⠑⠎⠀⠁⠎⠀⠺⠑⠇⠇⠀⠋⠕⠥⠝⠙⠑⠙⠂
⠀⠑⠭⠁⠉⠞⠇⠽⠀⠁⠎⠀⠊⠋⠀⠊⠝⠀⠎⠏⠊⠞⠑⠀⠕⠋⠀⠞⠓⠑⠀⠓⠕⠏⠑⠇⠑⠎⠎⠀
⠝⠁⠞⠥⠗⠁⠇⠀⠟⠥⠁⠇⠊⠞⠽⠀⠕⠋⠀⠍⠊⠝⠙⠀⠁⠎⠉⠗⠊⠃⠑⠙⠀⠞⠕⠀
⠞⠓⠑⠍⠂⠀⠞⠓⠑⠽⠀⠗⠑⠍⠁⠊⠝⠑⠙⠀⠚⠥⠎⠞⠀⠁⠎⠀⠗⠑⠎⠏⠕⠝⠎⠊⠃⠇⠑⠀
⠁⠎⠀⠁⠝⠽⠀⠕⠞⠓⠑⠗⠀⠍⠁⠝⠲⠀⠠⠞⠓⠊⠎⠀⠉⠕⠥⠇⠙⠀⠝⠕⠞⠀⠓⠁⠏⠏⠑⠝
⠀⠊⠋⠀⠺⠑⠀⠙⠊⠙⠀⠝⠕⠞⠀⠎⠥⠏⠏⠕⠎⠑⠀⠞⠓⠁⠞⠀⠺⠓⠁⠞⠑⠧⠑⠗⠀
⠎⠏⠗⠊⠝⠛⠎⠀⠋⠗⠕⠍⠀⠁⠀⠍⠁⠝⠄⠎⠀⠉⠓⠕⠊⠉⠑⠀⠶⠁⠎⠀⠑⠧⠑⠗⠽⠀
⠁⠉⠞⠊⠕⠝⠀⠊⠝⠞⠑⠝⠞⠊⠕⠝⠁⠇⠇⠽⠀⠏⠑⠗⠋⠕⠗⠍⠑⠙⠀
⠥⠝⠙⠕⠥⠃⠞⠑⠙⠇⠽⠀⠙⠕⠑⠎⠶⠀⠓⠁⠎⠀⠁⠎⠀⠊⠞⠎⠀⠋⠕⠥⠝⠙⠁⠞⠊⠕⠝⠀

These are the same pages the .brf download embosses — form-feed breaks and all. BRF opens in braille software (Duxbury, BrailleBlaster), on embossers, and on refreshable displays.