Skip to contentSkip to Braille Studio

Library / Philosophy / The Critique of Practical Reason / Braille

The Critique of Practical Reason ⠃⠗⠋ braille edition

Grade 1 — uncontracted, letter-for-letter. Translated on this server by our own braille engine (BRF — Braille Ready Format, Library of Congress fdd000551). View Grade 2 instead.

Download .brf — Grade 2 Download .brf — Grade 1 Plain-text reader .txt

373,358 braille cells · 394 embossed pages at 40×25 · 603 unrepresentable characters omitted

⠃⠑⠊⠝⠛⠎⠀⠕⠝⠀⠺⠓⠕⠍⠀⠞⠓⠑⠀⠍⠕⠗⠁⠇⠀⠇⠁⠺⠀⠊⠍⠏⠕⠎⠑⠎⠀
⠗⠑⠎⠏⠑⠉⠞⠆⠀⠁⠝⠙⠀⠞⠓⠁⠞⠀⠗⠑⠎⠏⠑⠉⠞⠀⠋⠕⠗⠀⠞⠓⠑⠀⠇⠁⠺⠀
⠉⠁⠝⠝⠕⠞⠀⠃⠑⠀⠁⠞⠞⠗⠊⠃⠥⠞⠑⠙⠀⠞⠕⠀⠁⠀⠎⠥⠏⠗⠑⠍⠑⠀⠃⠑⠊⠝⠛⠂
⠀⠕⠗⠀⠞⠕⠀⠁⠝⠽⠀⠃⠑⠊⠝⠛⠀⠋⠗⠑⠑⠀⠋⠗⠕⠍⠀⠁⠇⠇⠀
⠎⠑⠝⠎⠊⠃⠊⠇⠊⠞⠽⠂⠀⠊⠝⠀⠺⠓⠕⠍⠂⠀⠞⠓⠑⠗⠑⠋⠕⠗⠑⠂⠀⠞⠓⠊⠎⠀
⠎⠑⠝⠎⠊⠃⠊⠇⠊⠞⠽⠀⠉⠁⠝⠝⠕⠞⠀⠃⠑⠀⠁⠝⠀⠕⠃⠎⠞⠁⠉⠇⠑⠀⠞⠕⠀
⠏⠗⠁⠉⠞⠊⠉⠁⠇⠀⠗⠑⠁⠎⠕⠝⠲⠀⠀⠠⠞⠓⠊⠎⠀⠋⠑⠑⠇⠊⠝⠛⠀⠶⠺⠓⠊⠉⠓⠀
⠺⠑⠀⠉⠁⠇⠇⠀⠞⠓⠑⠀⠍⠕⠗⠁⠇⠀⠋⠑⠑⠇⠊⠝⠛⠶⠀⠊⠎⠀⠞⠓⠑⠗⠑⠋⠕⠗⠑⠀
⠏⠗⠕⠙⠥⠉⠑⠙⠀⠎⠊⠍⠏⠇⠽⠀⠃⠽⠀⠗⠑⠁⠎⠕⠝⠲⠀⠠⠊⠞⠀⠙⠕⠑⠎⠀⠝⠕⠞⠀
⠎⠑⠗⠧⠑⠀⠋⠕⠗⠀⠞⠓⠑⠀⠑⠎⠞⠊⠍⠁⠞⠊⠕⠝⠀⠕⠋⠀⠁⠉⠞⠊⠕⠝⠎⠀⠝⠕⠗⠀
⠋⠕⠗⠀⠞⠓⠑⠀⠋⠕⠥⠝⠙⠁⠞⠊⠕⠝⠀⠕⠋⠀⠞⠓⠑⠀⠕⠃⠚⠑⠉⠞⠊⠧⠑⠀
⠍⠕⠗⠁⠇⠀⠇⠁⠺⠀⠊⠞⠎⠑⠇⠋⠂⠀⠃⠥⠞⠀⠍⠑⠗⠑⠇⠽⠀⠁⠎⠀⠁⠀⠍⠕⠞⠊⠧⠑
⠀⠞⠕⠀⠍⠁⠅⠑⠀⠞⠓⠊⠎⠀⠕⠋⠀⠊⠞⠎⠑⠇⠋⠀⠁⠀⠍⠁⠭⠊⠍⠲⠀⠠⠃⠥⠞⠀
⠺⠓⠁⠞⠀⠝⠁⠍⠑⠀⠉⠕⠥⠇⠙⠀⠺⠑⠀⠍⠕⠗⠑⠀⠎⠥⠊⠞⠁⠃⠇⠽⠀⠁⠏⠏⠇⠽⠀
⠞⠕⠀⠞⠓⠊⠎⠀⠎⠊⠝⠛⠥⠇⠁⠗⠀⠋⠑⠑⠇⠊⠝⠛⠀⠺⠓⠊⠉⠓⠀⠉⠁⠝⠝⠕⠞⠀⠃⠑
⠀⠉⠕⠍⠏⠁⠗⠑⠙⠀⠞⠕⠀⠁⠝⠽⠀⠏⠁⠞⠓⠕⠇⠕⠛⠊⠉⠁⠇⠀⠋⠑⠑⠇⠊⠝⠛⠦⠀
⠠⠊⠞⠀⠊⠎⠀⠕⠋⠀⠎⠥⠉⠓⠀⠁⠀⠏⠑⠉⠥⠇⠊⠁⠗⠀⠅⠊⠝⠙⠀⠞⠓⠁⠞⠀⠊⠞⠀
⠎⠑⠑⠍⠎⠀⠞⠕⠀⠃⠑⠀⠁⠞⠀⠞⠓⠑⠀⠙⠊⠎⠏⠕⠎⠁⠇⠀⠕⠋⠀⠗⠑⠁⠎⠕⠝⠀
⠕⠝⠇⠽⠂⠀⠁⠝⠙⠀⠞⠓⠁⠞⠀⠏⠥⠗⠑⠀⠏⠗⠁⠉⠞⠊⠉⠁⠇⠀⠗⠑⠁⠎⠕⠝⠲⠀⠀⠀
⠠⠠⠃⠕⠕⠅⠼⠁⠰⠠⠠⠉⠓⠁⠏⠞⠑⠗⠼⠉⠀⠏⠁⠗⠁⠛⠗⠁⠏⠓⠀⠼⠁⠚⠀⠀
⠠⠗⠑⠎⠏⠑⠉⠞⠀⠁⠏⠏⠇⠊⠑⠎⠀⠁⠇⠺⠁⠽⠎⠀⠞⠕⠀⠏⠑⠗⠎⠕⠝⠎⠀⠕⠝⠇⠽⠤
⠀⠝⠕⠞⠀⠞⠕⠀⠞⠓⠊⠝⠛⠎⠲⠀⠠⠞⠓⠑⠀⠇⠁⠞⠞⠑⠗⠀⠍⠁⠽⠀⠁⠗⠕⠥⠎⠑⠀
⠊⠝⠉⠇⠊⠝⠁⠞⠊⠕⠝⠂⠀⠁⠝⠙⠀⠊⠋⠀⠞⠓⠑⠽⠀⠁⠗⠑⠀⠁⠝⠊⠍⠁⠇⠎⠀
⠶⠑⠲⠛⠲⠂⠀⠓⠕⠗⠎⠑⠎⠂⠀⠙⠕⠛⠎⠂⠀⠑⠞⠉⠲⠶⠂⠀⠑⠧⠑⠝⠀⠇⠕⠧⠑⠀⠕⠗
⠀⠋⠑⠁⠗⠂⠀⠇⠊⠅⠑⠀⠞⠓⠑⠀⠎⠑⠁⠂⠀⠁⠀⠧⠕⠇⠉⠁⠝⠕⠂⠀⠁⠀⠃⠑⠁⠎⠞⠀

These are the same pages the .brf download embosses — form-feed breaks and all. BRF opens in braille software (Duxbury, BrailleBlaster), on embossers, and on refreshable displays.