Skip to contentSkip to Braille Studio

Library / Engineering & Technology / The Panama Canal / Braille

The Panama Canal ⠃⠗⠋ braille edition

Grade 1 — uncontracted, letter-for-letter. Translated on this server by our own braille engine (BRF — Braille Ready Format, Library of Congress fdd000551). View Grade 2 instead.

Download .brf — Grade 2 Download .brf — Grade 1 Plain-text reader .txt

97,024 braille cells · 102 embossed pages at 40×25 · 49 unrepresentable characters omitted

⠑⠙⠊⠞⠕⠗⠊⠁⠇⠀⠊⠝⠀⠞⠓⠑⠀⠠⠑⠝⠛⠊⠝⠑⠑⠗⠊⠝⠛⠀⠠⠝⠑⠺⠎⠀⠕⠋⠀
⠠⠋⠑⠃⠗⠥⠁⠗⠽⠀⠼⠃⠑⠂⠀⠀⠼⠁⠊⠚⠊⠂⠀⠎⠁⠽⠎⠂⠀⠦⠠⠺⠑⠀⠉⠁⠝⠀
⠞⠑⠎⠞⠊⠋⠽⠀⠋⠗⠕⠍⠀⠁⠉⠞⠥⠁⠇⠀⠏⠑⠗⠎⠕⠝⠁⠇⠀⠕⠃⠎⠑⠗⠧⠁⠞⠊⠕⠝
⠀⠁⠝⠙⠀⠎⠞⠥⠙⠽⠀⠀⠕⠋⠀⠞⠓⠑⠀⠙⠁⠍⠀⠎⠊⠞⠑⠀⠁⠝⠙⠀⠕⠋⠀⠞⠓⠑⠀
⠃⠕⠗⠊⠝⠛⠎⠀⠁⠝⠙⠀⠏⠊⠞⠎⠀⠞⠓⠁⠞⠀⠞⠓⠑⠀⠠⠛⠁⠞⠥⠝⠀⠙⠁⠍⠀
⠺⠊⠇⠇⠀⠃⠑⠀⠀⠁⠎⠀⠎⠁⠋⠑⠀⠁⠝⠙⠀⠏⠑⠗⠍⠁⠝⠑⠝⠞⠀⠁⠎⠀⠁⠝⠽⠀
⠎⠞⠗⠥⠉⠞⠥⠗⠑⠀⠑⠧⠑⠗⠀⠗⠑⠁⠗⠑⠙⠀⠃⠽⠀⠍⠁⠝⠴⠲⠀⠀⠀⠀⠠⠊⠝⠀
⠞⠓⠑⠀⠠⠏⠗⠑⠎⠊⠙⠑⠝⠞⠄⠎⠀⠍⠑⠎⠎⠁⠛⠑⠀⠕⠋⠀⠠⠋⠑⠃⠗⠥⠁⠗⠽⠀
⠼⠁⠛⠂⠀⠼⠁⠊⠚⠊⠀⠞⠓⠑⠗⠑⠀⠊⠎⠀⠞⠓⠊⠎⠀⠀⠎⠞⠁⠞⠑⠍⠑⠝⠞⠂⠀
⠦⠠⠁⠎⠀⠞⠕⠀⠞⠓⠑⠀⠠⠛⠁⠞⠥⠝⠀⠙⠁⠍⠀⠊⠞⠎⠑⠇⠋⠂⠀⠞⠓⠑⠽⠀⠶⠞⠓⠑
⠀⠃⠕⠁⠗⠙⠀⠕⠋⠀⠑⠝⠛⠊⠝⠑⠑⠗⠎⠶⠀⠀⠎⠓⠕⠺⠀⠞⠓⠁⠞⠀⠝⠕⠞⠀⠕⠝⠇⠽
⠀⠊⠎⠀⠞⠓⠑⠀⠙⠁⠍⠀⠎⠁⠋⠑⠂⠀⠃⠥⠞⠀⠞⠓⠁⠞⠀⠕⠝⠀⠞⠓⠑⠀⠺⠓⠕⠇⠑⠀
⠞⠓⠑⠀⠏⠇⠁⠝⠀⠀⠁⠇⠗⠑⠁⠙⠽⠀⠁⠙⠕⠏⠞⠑⠙⠀⠺⠕⠥⠇⠙⠀⠍⠁⠅⠑⠀⠊⠞⠀
⠝⠑⠑⠙⠇⠑⠎⠎⠇⠽⠀⠓⠊⠛⠓⠀⠁⠝⠙⠀⠎⠞⠗⠕⠝⠛⠂⠀⠁⠝⠙⠀⠀
⠁⠉⠉⠕⠗⠙⠊⠝⠛⠇⠽⠀⠞⠓⠑⠽⠀⠗⠑⠉⠕⠍⠍⠑⠝⠙⠀⠞⠓⠁⠞⠀⠊⠞⠎⠀
⠓⠑⠊⠛⠓⠞⠀⠃⠑⠀⠗⠑⠙⠥⠉⠑⠙⠀⠃⠽⠀⠼⠃⠚⠀⠋⠑⠑⠞⠂⠀⠺⠓⠊⠉⠓⠀⠀
⠉⠓⠁⠝⠛⠑⠀⠠⠊⠀⠓⠁⠧⠑⠀⠁⠉⠉⠕⠗⠙⠊⠝⠛⠇⠽⠀⠙⠊⠗⠑⠉⠞⠑⠙⠴⠲⠀⠀⠀
⠠⠊⠝⠀⠞⠓⠑⠀⠠⠑⠝⠛⠊⠝⠑⠑⠗⠊⠝⠛⠀⠠⠝⠑⠺⠎⠀⠕⠋⠀⠠⠁⠏⠗⠊⠇⠀⠼⠁⠂
⠀⠼⠁⠊⠚⠊⠀⠊⠎⠀⠞⠓⠑⠀⠋⠕⠇⠇⠕⠺⠊⠝⠛⠀⠎⠞⠁⠞⠑⠍⠑⠝⠞⠂⠀⠀⠦⠠⠊⠋
⠀⠁⠀⠏⠗⠊⠧⠁⠞⠑⠀⠉⠕⠗⠏⠕⠗⠁⠞⠊⠕⠝⠂⠀⠝⠕⠞⠀⠎⠥⠃⠚⠑⠉⠞⠀⠞⠕⠀
⠞⠓⠑⠀⠉⠇⠁⠍⠕⠗⠀⠕⠋⠀⠏⠥⠃⠇⠊⠉⠀⠀⠉⠗⠊⠞⠊⠉⠊⠎⠍⠀⠺⠑⠗⠑⠀
⠉⠕⠝⠋⠗⠕⠝⠞⠑⠙⠀⠺⠊⠞⠓⠀⠞⠓⠑⠀⠞⠁⠎⠅⠀⠕⠋⠀⠞⠓⠗⠕⠺⠊⠝⠛⠀⠁⠀
⠙⠁⠍⠀⠁⠉⠗⠕⠎⠎⠀⠞⠓⠑⠀⠀⠠⠉⠓⠁⠛⠗⠑⠎⠀⠠⠧⠁⠇⠇⠑⠽⠀⠁⠞⠀
⠠⠛⠁⠞⠥⠝⠂⠀⠞⠓⠑⠽⠀⠺⠕⠥⠇⠙⠀⠃⠥⠊⠇⠙⠀⠁⠀⠎⠞⠗⠥⠉⠞⠥⠗⠑⠀
⠺⠓⠊⠉⠓⠀⠺⠕⠥⠇⠙⠀⠃⠑⠀⠀⠝⠕⠞⠀⠍⠕⠗⠑⠀⠞⠓⠁⠝⠀⠕⠝⠑⠤⠋⠊⠋⠞⠓⠀

These are the same pages the .brf download embosses — form-feed breaks and all. BRF opens in braille software (Duxbury, BrailleBlaster), on embossers, and on refreshable displays.